12th federal electoral district of Guanajuato
Federal electoral district of Mexico
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The 12th federal electoral district of Guanajuato (Spanish: Distrito electoral federal 12 de Guanajuato) is one of the 300 electoral districts into which Mexico is divided for elections to the federal Chamber of Deputies and one of 15 such districts in the state of Guanajuato.[1]
| Guanajuato's 12th | |
|---|---|
Chamber of Deputies of Mexico | |
.png) 12th district since 2023 | |
| Incumbent | |
| Member | Magdalena Rosales Cruz |
| Party | âMorena |
| Congress | 66th (2024â2027) |
| District | |
| State | Guanajuato |
| Head town | Celaya |
| Coordinates | 20°31â²N 100°49â²W |
| Covers | Municipality of Celaya (part) |
| PR region | Second |
| Precincts | 216 |
| Population | 432,575 (2020 Census) |
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It elects one deputy to the lower house of Congress for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system. Votes cast in the district also count towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the second region.[2][3]
Suspended in 1930,[a] Guanajuato's 12th was re-established as part of the 1977 political reforms. The restored district returned its first deputy in the 1979 mid-term election.[7]
The current member for the district, elected in the 2024 general election, is MarÃa Magdalena Rosales Cruz of the National Regeneration Movement (Morena).[8][9]
District territory
Under the 2023 districting plan adopted by the National Electoral Institute (INE), which is to be used for the 2024, 2027 and 2030 federal elections,[10] Guanajuato's 12th district covers 216 electoral precincts (secciones electorales) in the municipality of Celaya.[11][b]
The head town (cabecera distrital), where results from individual polling stations are gathered together and tallied, is the city of Celaya. The district reported a population of 432,575 in the 2020 Census.[1]
Previous districting schemes
| 1974 | 1978 | 1996 | 2005 | 2017 | 2023 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guanajuato | 9 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
| Chamber of Deputies | 196 | 300 | ||||
| Sources: [1][12][7][13] | ||||||
2017â2022
2005â2017
- Under the 2005 plan, Guanajuato had only 14 districts. This district's head town was at Celaya and it covered 188 precincts in the north and south-east of the municipality.[15][16][c]
1996â2005
- In the 1996 scheme, under which Guanajuato was assigned 15 seats, the district had its head town at Celaya and it comprised the whole of the municipality.[17][16]
1978â1996
- The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, Guanajuato's seat allocation rose from 9 to 13.[12] The new 12th district covered five municipalities in the south of the state:[18]
- Moroleón, Santiago MaravatÃo, Uriangato, Valle de Santiago (head town) and Yuriria.
Deputies returned to Congress
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| Election | Deputy | Party | Term | Legislature | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1916 | Alfredo Robles DomÃnguez[19] Francisco DÃaz Barriga[20] |
1916â1917 | Constituent Congress of Querétaro | ||
| ... | |||||
| The 12th district was suspended between 1930 and 1979 | |||||
| 1979 | Raúl Moreno Mújica[21] |  |
1979â1982 | 51st Congress | |
| 1982 | Sergio Lara Espinoza[22] | |
1982â1985 | 52nd Congress | |
| 1985 | Mario Murillo Morales[23] | |
1985â1988 | 53rd Congress | |
| 1988 | Jorge GarcÃa Henaine[24] | |
1988â1991 | 54th Congress | |
| 1991 | José Guadalupe EnrÃquez Magaña[25] | |
1991â1994 | 55th Congress | |
| 1994 | Lorenzo Chávez Zavala[26] | |
1994â1997 | 56th Congress | |
| 1997 | José de Jesús Torres León[27] |  |
1997â2000 | 57th Congress | |
| 2000 | Javier Bernardo Usabiaga Arroyo[28][d] José Rivera Carranza[29] |
|
2000â2003 | 58th Congress | |
| 2003 | Elizabeth Oswelia Yáñez Robles[30] | |
2003â2006 | 59th Congress | |
| 2006 | Rubà Laura López Silva[31] | |
2006â2009 | 60th Congress | |
| 2009 | MartÃn Rico Jiménez[32] | |
2009â2012 | 61st Congress | |
| 2012 | Felipe Arturo Camarena GarcÃa[33] |  |
2012â2015 | 62nd Congress | |
| 2015 | Adriana Elizarraraz Sandoval[34] | |
2015â2018 | 63rd Congress | |
| 2018[35] | Sarai Núñez Cerón[36] | |
2018â2021 | 64th Congress | |
| 2021[37] | Sarai Núñez Cerón[38] | |
2021â2024 | 65th Congress | |
| 2024[8] | MarÃa Magdalena Rosales Cruz[9] |  |
2024â2027 | 66th Congress | |
Presidential elections
| Election | District won by | Party or coalition | % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2018[39] | Ricardo Anaya Cortés |   Por México al Frente |
37.8823 |
| 2024[40] | Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo |  Sigamos Haciendo Historia |
48.8831 |
Notes
- An amendment to Article 52 of the Constitution in 1928 changed the original provision of "one deputy per 60,000 inhabitants" to "one deputy per 100,000";[4][5] as a result, the size of the Chamber of Deputies fell from 281 in the 1928 election to 171 in 1934.[6]
- The remainder of Celaya â 32 precincts â is assigned to the 2nd district.
- In 2005â2017, the 13th district covered the remainder of Celaya.
- Usabiaga Arroyo resigned his seat on 28 November 2000 to take office as the federal secretary of agriculture. He was replaced for the remainder of his term by his alternate, Rivera Carranza.