1610 in Japan

• Monarch: Go-Yōzei
• Shogun: Tokugawa Hidetada

• Reconstruction of the Daibutsu hall in Kyōto begins.

• Toyotomi Hideyori comes to Kyoto to visit ōgosho Ieyasu.

• January 6 – Nossa Senhora da Graça incident: A Portuguese carrack sinks near Nagasaki, after fighting Japanese samurai for four nights. The captured merchants are allowed to leave, while the missionaries are allowed to remain in Japan.

• May 20: Emperor Go-Yōzei announces his intention to abdicate in favor of his son Masahito.^[1][2]

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• March 19 - Hasegawa Tōhaku: Painter (b.1539)
• April 7 - Hirata Masumune: Samurai, retainer of the Shimazu clan (b.1566)
• May 11 - Ikoma Kazumasa: Samurai, daimyo of Takamatsu Domain (b.1555)
• October 14 - Amago Yoshihisa: Daimyo of Izumo Province (b.1540)
• December 3 - Honda Tadakatsu: Samurai, general, daimyo of Ōtaki Domain (1590-1601) and of Kuwana Domain (1601-1609) (b.1548)