1640 Macau embassy to Nagasaki
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The 1640 Macau embassy to Nagasaki (ãã«ãã¬ã«ä½¿ç¯å£é·å´åé£äºä»¶)[2] (Portuguese: Embaixada Mártir)[3] was a diplomatic mission dispatched by the Senate of Macau to Nagasaki in July 1640. Its purpose was to try and reverse the Tokugawa shogunate's decision to end nearly a century of Portuguese trade in Japan in 1639.[4][5]
Front page of the 1643 book "Report of the Glorious Death of Four Portuguese Ambassadors from the City of Macau, with Fifty-seven Christians of their Delegation." by António Francisco Cardim[1] | |
| Native name | ãã«ãã¬ã«ä½¿ç¯å£é·å´åé£äºä»¶ |
|---|---|
| Date | 6 July â 4 August 1640 |
| Location | Nagasaki, Japan |
| Type | Diplomatic mission |
| Organised by | Senate of Macau |
| Participants | 74 crew (including 4 ambassadors) |
| Outcome | Embassy seized |
| Casualties | |
| 61 executed | |
| Deaths | LuÃs Pais Pacheco  Rodrigo Sanches de Paredes Gonçalo Monteiro de Carvalho Simão Vaz de Pavia |
| Also known as "Martyr Embassy" (Portuguese: Embaixada Mártir) | |
The ban followed the Shimabara Rebellion, which the shogunate incorrectly blamed the Portuguese for aiding through the smuggling of supplies and missionaries.[6] Since Macau's economy relied on the annual trade with Japan,[7] the city's assembly resolved on March 13, 1640,[5][7] to dispatch four ambassadors, LuÃs Pais Pacheco, Rodrigo Sanches de Paredes, Gonçalo Monteiro de Carvalho and Simão Vaz de Paiva,[7] along with sailors and slaves, totaling 74 crew.[8] All participants knew that the risk of death was almost certain.[9]
The embassy's vessel arrived at Nagasaki on July 6, 1640,[8][10][11] however, all of the delegation members were imprisoned and detained on Dejima[10][11] by Kagazume Minbu and Nonoyama Shinbei[12] while their appeals were sent to Edo.[11] On 3[13]â4[11] August 1640, 61 members of the mission, including all four ambassadors, were beheaded on Martyrs' Mount in Nagasaki, and their ship was burned in the harbor.[10][13][11] 13 men were spared and sent back to Macau on 1 September to deliver the message of the embassy's fate.[10][13]
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