1691 in music

• July – Johann Heinrich Buttstett succeeds Nicolaus Vetter as organist of the Predigerkirche in Erfurt.

• "The Bachelor's Answer to the Helpless Maiden"^[1]
• "The Charming Regent's Wish"^[2]

• Giovanni Battista Alveri – Mia Vita
• John Blow – Ode for St Cecilia's Day^[3]
• Marc-Antoine Charpentier – Marche de triomphe et air, H.547
• Gottfried Finger – A Collection of Musick in Two Parts
• Domenico Galli – Trattenimento musicale sopra il violoncello
• Elisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre – Jeux à l’honneur de la Victoire
• Bianca Maria Meda – Cari Musici (motet)
• Françoise-Charlotte de Senneterre Ménétou – Airs sérieux
• Henry Purcell
  • The Gordion Knot Untied, Z.597
  • The Old Bachelor, Z.607 (pub. 1697)

• Andreas Werckmeister – Musicalische Temperatur

The following operas were composed:

• Henry Purcell – King Arthur (with libretto by John Dryden)
• Bernardo Sabadini – Diomede punito da Alcide
• Agostino Steffani – Orlando generoso

• June 14 – Jan Francisci, organist and composer (died 1758)
• December – Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch, organist and composer (died 1765)
• date unknown – Francesco Feo, opera composer (died 1761)

• April 23 – Jean-Henri d'Anglebert, composer (born 1629)^[4]
• unknown date – Adriano Morsell, librettist (birth year unknown)