1809 in Russia

• Monarch – Alexander I

• Russo-Circassian War
  • November 7 - Raid on Kamennobrodskoye
• Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
• Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
  • April 8 - September 4 - Campaign of Dobruja
    • April 20 - May 2 - Siege of Brăila
    • September 4 - Battle of Rassowa
  • October 21 - Battle of Tataritsa
• Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)
• Finnish War (1808-1809)
  • March 10–21 - Åland Offensive
  • March 20–22 - Crossing the Gulf of Bothnia
  • March 25 - Capitulation of Kalix
  • May 15 - Battle of SkellefteÃ¥
  • July 5 - Battle of Hörnefors
  • August 19 - Battle of Sävar
  • August 20 - Battle of Ratan
  • August 25 - Battle of PiteÃ¥
  • September 17 - Treaty of Fredrikshamn - Sweden cedes Finland to Russia
• Chekhov Gymnasium founded
• Diet of Porvoo - May to July - Finnish legislative assembly establishes Russian-controlled Grand Duchy of Finland
• Church of the Transfiguration, Yekaterinburg consecrated
• Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland separates from the Swedish Lutheran church
• Kagalnitskaya stanitsa founded
• Minister–Secretary of State for Finland - office established
• Russian Empire–United States relations - Russia and the United States establish official relations
• St. Petersburg State Transport University founded

• Khachatur Abovian (disappeared 1848) - Armenian writer, scientist, educator, and modernizer
• Konstantin Mikhailovich Bazili (d. 1884) - historian and orientalist
• Nikolai Gogol (d. 1852) - Ukrainian-born writer and playwright
• Nikolai Ilyin (d. 1890) - founder of the apocalyptic Yehowist sect
• Aleksey Koltsov (d. 1842) - poet and folklorist
• Fyodor Koni (d. 1879) - dramatist, theatre critic, writer and editor
• Nestor Kukolnik (d. 1868) - playwright and writer of Rusyn origin
• Malbim (d. 1879) - rabbi and bible commentator, born in Volhynia in the Pale of Settlement
• Nikolay Motovilov (d. 1879) - biographer of Saint Seraphim of Sarov
• Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky (d. 1881) - general, statesman, pushed Russian expansion in Amur valley
• Nadezhda Repina (d. 1867) - actress and singer
• Javad khan Shirvanski (d. ?) - Azerbaijani noble and Russian general
• Alexandra Smirnova (d. 1882) - Imperial Russian lady-in-waiting and memoirist
• Feofil Tolstoy (d. 1881) - composer, music critic, and writer
• Vasily Zavoyko (d. 1898) - admiral, governor of Kamchatka

• Yakov Bulgakov (b. 1743) - diplomat
• Vasily Chichagov (b. 1726) - admiral and explorer
• Mikhail Kamensky (b. 1738) - general
• Heraclius Lisovsky (b. 1734) - Ruthenian Uniate bishop and church administrator
• Alexander Prozorovsky (b. 1733) - nobleman, general, and administrator
• Nikolai Sheremetev (b. 1751) - nobleman, administrator, actor, and theater owner
• Levi Yitzchok of Berditchev (b. 1740) - Hasidic rabbi and writer

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