Chekhov Gymnasium

The Boys Gymnasium was founded in 1809. Students of the Boys Gymnasium benefited from various grants. In the mid-1870s, a school chapel was built in the same building: the cross may be seen on some old postcards. After the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the following Russian Civil War (1917-1922), the building housed a cavalry school (6th Cavalry College).

During the Occupation of Taganrog in 1941-1943 used by the Germans as Sicherheitsdienst headquarters.

In 1954, the Boys Gymnasium was named after Anton Chekhov within the framework of events dedicated to the writer's 50th death anniversary memorial year.^[1]

In 1975 opened as The Literary Museum named after Anton Chekhov, more commonly known under the short name Chekhov Gymnasium.

January 29, 2010 President of Russian Federation Dmitri Medvedev held a meeting with representatives of the Russian and foreign theatrical communities in Taganrog at the stateroom of the Chekhov Gymnasium literary museum.^[2][3]

Anton Chekhov attended a school for Greek boys in Taganrog (1866–68), and at the age of eight he was sent to the local grammar school (gymnasium, then called the Taganrog Classical Gymnasium for Boys) where he proved an average pupil. As an adolescent he tried his hand at writing short "anecdotes," amusing or funny stories, although he is also known to have written a serious long play at this time, "Fatherless," which he later destroyed. He received an annual grant of 300 rubles which had been introduced by the Taganrog City Council after the failed assassination attempt on the tsar Alexander II of Russia.

After the business of Anton Chekhov's father failed, the whole family left for Moscow in 1875-1876. Anton was left in Taganrog to care for himself and finish school.In 1879, Chekhov passed his final exams and joined his family in Moscow, where he had obtained scholarship to study medicine at the Moscow University.

• Nikolay Chekhov, artist
• Mikhail Chekhov, writer
• Alexander Chekhov, writer
• Dmitry Girs, writer
• Leonid Gobyato, Russian general, inventor of the first mortar
• Nikolay Sherbina, poet
• Ivan Martos, sculptor
• Alexander Leonidovich Vishnevsky, Russian and Soviet actor
• Valentin Parnakh, poet, founder of the Soviet Jazz music
• Isaac Yakovlevich Pavlovsky, journalist and writer
• Konstantin Savitsky, artist
• Vladimir Bogoraz, anthropologist and writer
• Samuel Maykapar, composer
• Nikolay Apollonovich Belelyubski, scientist, famous designer of bridges
• Osip Notovich, writer
• Andrei Grechko, Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (graduate of the Cavalry College)
• Ivan Golubets, the first Hero of the Soviet Union in the Black Sea Fleet
• Zinoviy Vysokovskiy, actor
• Sergey Zvantsev, writer
• Victor Dyomin, Soviet cinema critic, editor, writer
• Mikhail Basov, Russian media artist, documentary filmmaker.
• Kuzma Galitsky, Soviet army general
• Vladimir Grigoryevich Zakharov, Soviet composer, People's Artist of the USSR, art director of Pyatnitsky Choir
• Yakov Rubanchik, Soviet architect

Today the Gymnasium is open to public as The Literary Museum named after Anton Chekhov (Литературный музей А.П.Чехова). After the Pushkin House museum in Saint Petersburg, this is the second-largest literary museum in Russia both in terms of space and unique funds. The exhibition includes the library that consists of the antique books of the time and books later sent by Anton Chekhov, his personal belongings, photographs, documents, autographs by Chekhov and other famous people - friends of the writer.