1822 in science
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The year 1822 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
- "Rostocker Pfeilstorch", a white stork, is found in northern Germany with an arrow from central Africa through its neck, demonstrating the fact of bird migration.
Geology
- Georges Cuvier establishes new standards and methods in stratigraphy and paleontology.
- Gideon Mantell discovers the first fossil of the iguanodon.
- John Phillips and William Conybeare identify the Carboniferous Period.
- Jean Baptiste Julien d'Omalius d'Halloy identifies the Cretaceous Period. He also proposes the Jurassic System.
Mathematics
- July 3 â Charles Babbage publishes a proposal for a "difference engine", a mechanical forerunner of the modern computer for calculating logarithms and trigonometric functions. Construction of an operational version will proceed under British Government sponsorship 1823â32 but it will never be completed.[1]
- Karl Feuerbach describes the nine-point circle of a triangle.[2]
- William Farish of the University of Cambridge publishes a systematization of the rules for isometric drawing.[3][4][5]
Medicine
- United States Army surgeon William Beaumont pioneers human gastric endoscopy on Alexis St. Martin.[6]
- Scottish surgeon John Henry Wishart gives the first description in England of neurofibromatosis type II.[7][8]
- German poet and physician Justinus Kerner gives the first detailed description of botulism.[9]
Physics
- NavierâStokes equations in fluid dynamics first formulated.
Technology
- May 23 â HMS Comet launched at Deptford Dockyard in the United Kingdom, the first steamboat commissioned by the Royal Navy.
- June 10 â The Aaron Manby crosses the English Channel, making her the first seagoing iron steamboat.
- French civil engineer Louis Vicat completes construction of a concrete viaduct across the Dordogne at Souillac, Lot.[10]
Events
- September 11 â Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632) is permitted by the Roman Catholic Church to be published.
Awards
- June 12 â Edward Banks knighted, the first such honour for work in civil engineering.[11]
- Copley Medal: William Buckland[12]
Births
- January 2 â Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (died 1888)
- January 6 â Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (died 1890)
- January 12 â Ãtienne Lenoir, Belgian mechanical engineer (died 1900)
- February 16 â Sir Francis Galton, English explorer, biologist (died 1911)
- April 18 â August Heinrich Petermann, German cartographer (died 1878)
- June 10 â Lydia White Shattuck, American botanist (died 1889)
- July 22 â Gregor Mendel, Silesian geneticist (died 1884)
- October 13 (O.S. October 1) â Lev Tsenkovsky, Polish-Ukrainian biologist (died 1887)
- December 27 â Louis Pasteur, French biologist (died 1895)
Deaths
- January 21 â Marie-Aimée Lullin, Swiss entomologist (born 1751)
- February 23 â Johann Matthäus Bechstein, German naturalist (born 1757)
- June 23 â René Just Haüy, French mineralogist (born 1743)
- August 13 â Jean-Robert Argand, Swiss-born mathematician (born 1768)
- August 25 â William Herschel, German-born British astronomer (born 1738)
- November 6 â Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (born 1748)