1830 in science

The year 1830 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

March 16 – Great Comet of 1830 (C/1830 F1, 1830 I) first observed from Mauritius.
Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer produce the first map of the surface of Mars.

Charles Bell publishes his Nervous System of the Human Body.
Johannes Peter Müller publishes his Bildungsgeschichte der Genitalien in which he traces the development of the paramesonephric duct.
William Jackson Hooker commences publication of The British Flora.

October 14 – HMS Beagle returns to England from her first voyage, a hydrographic survey of the Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego regions of South America.
Southern Ocean Expedition – John Biscoe sets out from England on an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the Southern Ocean.^[1]

Charles Lyell publishes the first volume of his Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earth's surface, by reference to causes now in operation.

Thomas Southwood Smith publishes the standard textbook A Treatise on Fever in London.
Approximate date – The chain osteotome, a form of chainsaw, is invented by German orthopaedist Bernhard Heine.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

July 13 – John Ruggles is granted United States patent No. 1, for applying rack railway equipment to the "Locomotive steam-engine for rail and other roads".
July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent (#7454) for a sewing machine: it chain stitches at 200/minute.
August 31 – Edwin Budding is granted a United Kingdom patent for the lawnmower.
October 20 – Thomas Cochrane is granted a patent for the first airlock.
Aeneas Coffey is granted a United Kingdom patent for an improved column still.
Eaton Hodgkinson publishes his pioneering paper on the optimum cross section for cast iron structural beams.^[6]
Stephen H. Long designs the Long truss wooden bridge.