1843 in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1843.
Events
- January
- Serial publication begins of Charles Dickens' picaresque novel The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit by Chapman & Hall in London. In the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States.
- Edgar Allan Poe's Gothic short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" appears in The Pioneer in Boston and his poem "The Conqueror Worm" in Graham's Magazine in Philadelphia.
- February â Macmillan Publishers is founded in London by the Scottish brothers Daniel and Alexander Macmillan.
- April 4 â William Wordsworth accepts the office of Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, after the death of Robert Southey on March 21. He is reassured that it is seen as a purely honorific position.[1]
- June 21 â Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Gold-Bug" begins to be serialized in the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper as the winning entry in a competition, earning Poe a $100 prize. It will be widely reprinted and adapted for theater. It popularizes cryptography.
- July â Margaret Fuller's "The Great Lawsuit. Man versus Men. Woman versus Women" appears in The Dial magazine in the United States. It will later be expanded into a book, Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1845).
- August 19 â Edgar Allan Poe's Gothic short story "The Black Cat" is first published in The Saturday Evening Post.
- August 22 â The Theatres Act in the United Kingdom ends a virtual monopoly of theatrical performances held by the patent theatres and encourages development of popular entertainment.[2]
- September â Ada Lovelace (Byron's daughter) translates and expands Menabrea's notes on Charles Babbage's analytical engine, including an algorithm for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers, seen as the world's first computer program.[3][4][5]
- October â Anna Atkins begins publishing Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions, a collection of contact printed cyanotype photograms of algae, to form the first book illustrated with photographs.[6][7][8][9]
- December 17 â Publication of Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas by Chapman & Hall is made at his expense. It introduces the character Ebenezer Scrooge. Released on December 19, the first printing sells out by Christmas Eve.[10]
- Christmas â Thomas Hood's poem "The Song of the Shirt" appears in Punch.[11]
- unknown dates
- The Routledge publishing firm is founded in London by the Cumberland-born bookseller George Routledge.
- The steam-powered rotary printing press is invented by Richard March Hoe in the United States.[12]
New books
Fiction
- William Harrison Ainsworth â Windsor Castle
- Edward Bulwer-Lytton â The Last of the Barons
- James Fenimore Cooper â Le Mouchoir; an Autobiographical Romance
- Charles Dickens
- Alexandre Dumas, père â Georges[13]
- Catherine Gore â The Banker's Wife
- Léon Gozlan â Aristide Froissart[14]
- Victor Hugo â Les Burgraves
- Søren Kierkegaard â Diary of a Seducer (literary novel included in Either/Or)
- John Neal â Ruth Elder[15]
- Frederick Marryat â Monsieur Violet
- Eugène Sue â The Mysteries of Paris
- Robert Smith Surtees â Handley Cross
- Claude Tillier â My Uncle Benjamin
- Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna â Perils of the Nation
- Frances Milton Trollope â The Barnabys in America
Children and young people
- Hans Christian Andersen â New Fairy Tales. First Volume. First Collection (Nye Eventyr. Første Bind. Første Samling) comprising "The Angel" ("Engelen"), "The Nightingale" ("Nattergalen"), "The Sweethearts; or, The Top and the Ball" ("Kjærestefolkene [Toppen og bolden]") and "The Ugly Duckling" ("Den grimme ælling")
Drama
- Eusebio Asquerino â Casada, vÃrgen y mártir
- V. A. Bhave â Sita Swayamvar
- Théophile Gautier â Un Voyage en Espagne
- Nikolai Gogol â The Gamblers
- James Sheridan Knowles â The Secretary
- W. T. Moncrieff â The Scamps of London
Poetry
- Thomas Hood â "The Song of the Shirt"
- Richard Henry Horne â Orion: an epic poem
- Edgar Allan Poe â "The Conqueror Worm"
Non-fiction
- Leon Battista Alberti â I Libri della famiglia
- Anna Atkins â Photographs of British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions
- Paul Rudolf von Bilguer â Handbuch des Schachspiels (Handbook of Chess)
- George Borrow â The Bible in Spain; or, the Journey, Adventures, and Imprisonment of an English-man in an Attempt to Circulate the Scriptures in the Peninsula
- James Braid â Neurypnology: or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep
- Thomas Carlyle â Past and Present
- Marquis de Custine â La Russie en 1839 (Russia in 1839)
- Benjamin Hall Kennedy â Elementary Latin Primer
- Søren Kierkegaard (as Johannes de Silentio) â Fear and Trembling (Frygt og Bæven)
- Charles Robert Leslie â Memoirs of the Life of John Constable
- Thomas Babington Macaulay â Critical and Historical Essays
- Moses Margoliouth â The Fundamental Principles of Modern Judaism Investigated
- John Stuart Mill â A System of Logic
- William H. Prescott â History of the Conquest of Mexico
- John Ruskin â Modern Painters, vol. 1
- Rev. J. M. Wainwright â Book of Common Prayer (1843 illustrated version)
- Wei Yuan and others (comp.) â Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms (æµ·ååå¿, HÇiguó Túzhì)
Births
- January 2 â Gabriel Compayré, French scholar and politician (died 1913)[16]
- January 14 â Hans Forssell, Swedish historian (died 1901)
- January 17 â Florence Montgomery, English novelist and children's writer (died 1923)
- January 24 â Evald Tang Kristensen, Danish author and collector of folklore (died 1929)
- January 28 â Mihkel Veske, Estonian poet and linguist (died 1890)
- February 6 â Frederic W. H. Myers, British poet (died 1901)
- February 24
- Teófilo Braga, Portuguese poet, playwright and politician (died 1924)[17]
- Violet Fane (Mary Montgomerie Lamb), English novelist, poet and essayist (died 1905)
- March 5 â Hugh Antoine d'Arcy, French writer (died 1925)[18]
- March 11 â Harald Høffding, Danish philosopher and theologian (died 1931)
- March 29 â Paul Ferrier, French dramatist and librettist (died 1920)[19]
- March 30 â Florence Ashton Marshall, English composer and conductor, biographer of Handel (died 1922)
- April 15
- Elizabeth Boynton Harbert, American author, reformer, and philanthropist (died 1915)
- Henry James, American-born fiction writer (died 1916)[20]
- April 25 â Constance Cary Harrison, American playwright and novelist (died 1920)
- April 29 â Pedro Américo, Brazilian novelist, poet, scientist, artist, essayist, philosopher, politician and professor (died 1905)
- May 3 â Edward Dowden, Irish poet and critic (died 1913)
- May 10 â Benito Pérez Galdós, Spanish novelist (died 1920)[21]
- May 12 â Thomas William Rhys Davids, British linguist and scholar (died 1922)[22]
- May 25 â Christabel Rose Coleridge, English novelist and editor (died 1921)
- June 9 â Bertha von Suttner, Austrian pacifist writer (died 1914)[23]
- June 26 â Paul Arène, French poet and author (died 1896)[24]
- July 5 â Mandell Creighton, English bishop and historian (died 1901)
- August 9 â N. D. Popescu-Popnedea, Romanian novelist, folklorist, archivist and almanac compiler (died 1921)
- September 26 â James Rice, English novelist (died 1882)
- October 25 â Gleb Uspensky, Russian writer (died 1902)[25]
- November â Lucy M. Hall, American physician and writer (died 1907)
- December 7 â Helena Nyblom, née Roed, Danish-born poet and writer of fairy tales (died 1926)
- December 10 â Isabella Fyvie Mayo, Scottish poet, novelist, and reformer (died 1914)
- December 21 â Thomas Bracken, Irish-born New Zealand poet (died 1898)
- December 23 â Ada Langworthy Collier, American author (died 1919)[26]
- December 24 â Lydia Koidula, Estonian poet (died 1886)[27]
- December 29 â Princess Elisabeth of Wied ("Carmen Sylva"), German-born queen consort and writer (died 1916)
- unknown dates
- Mary Bathurst Deane, English novelist (died 1940)
- Lillian Rozell Messenger, American poet (died 1921)[28]
Deaths
- January 11 â Francis Scott Key, American poet (born 1779)[29]
- February 10 â Richard Carlile, English writer and agitator for suffrage and freedom of the press (born 1790)
- February 22 â Mary Hays, English feminist writer (born 1759)
- March 21 â Robert Southey, English poet and Poet Laureate (born 1774)
- May 12 â Charlotte von Kalb, German writer (born 1761)
- May 19 â Charles James Apperley ("Nimrod"), English sporting writer (born 1777)
- May 28 â Noah Webster, American lexicographer (born 1758)
- June 6 â Friedrich Hölderlin, German poet, novelist, and dramatist (born 1770)[30]
- July 4 â John Basset, writer on Cornish mining (born 1791)
- July 9 â Karoline Pichler, Austrian novelist (born 1769)
- July 31 â William Thomas Lowndes, English bibliographer (born c.1798)
- August 10 â Jakob Friedrich Fries, German philosopher (born 1773)
- September 4 â Léopoldine Hugo, daughter of French novelist Victor Hugo (b. 1824)[31]
- October 21 â William Pinnock, English writer, publisher and bookseller (born 1782)
- November 25 â Ellen Pickering, English novelist (born 1801 or 1802)
- November 28 â József Ficzkó, Burgenland Croatian writer (born 1772)
- December 11 â Casimir Delavigne, French poet and dramatist (born 1793)
Awards
- Newdigate Prize â Matthew Arnold, "Cromwell"