1844 in literature
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This article contains information about the literary events and publications of 1844.
Events
- January 4 â Swedish-language newspaper Saima, founded by J. V. Snellman, is published for the first time, in Finland.[1][2]
- February 5 â The first three of many theatrical adaptations of A Christmas Carol open in London.[3]
- MarchâJuly â Alexandre Dumas père's historical adventure story The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires) is serialised in the Paris newspaper Le Siècle.[4]
- August 28 â Alexandre Dumas père's near-recent historical adventure story The Count of Monte Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) begins serialization in the Paris newspaper Journal des débats, and continues through to January 1846. Book publication also begins this year.
- October â George W. M. Reynolds begins publication of the bestselling "penny dreadful" city mysteries series The Mysteries of London.
- Autumn â Margaret Fuller joins Horace Greeley's New-York Tribune as literary critic, becoming the first full-time female book reviewer in American journalism.
- December 2 â Emily Brontë writes the poem "A Death-Scene".[5]
- unknown date â The first volumes of Patrologia Latina, a 217-volume collection of works in Latin, are published in Paris by Jacques Paul Migne. These include the writings of Tertullian and Cyprian, among other authors.
New books
Fiction
- William Harrison Ainsworth â St. James's
- José de Alencar â Os contrabandistas (unpublished, lost)
- Honoré de Balzac â Les Paysans
- Charles Dickens
- The Chimes
- Martin Chuzzlewit (serial publication ends)
- Benjamin Disraeli â Coningsby
- Alexandre Dumas
- Charles Lever â Tom Burke of Ours
- Joaquim Manuel de Macedo â A Moreninha
- Edgar Allan Poe â short stories
- G. W. M. Reynolds â The Mysteries of London
- Eugène Sue â The Wandering Jew (Le Juif Errant)
- William Makepeace Thackeray â The Luck of Barry Lyndon
- Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna â The Wrongs of Women
- Charlotte Mary Yonge â Abbeychurch, or, Self Control and Self Conceit
Children and young people
- Hans Christian Andersen â New Fairy Tales. First Volume. Second Collection (Nye Eventyr. Første Bind. Anden Samling) comprising "The Fir-Tree" ("Grantræet") and "The Snow Queen" ("Snedronningen")
- Heinrich Hoffmann â Struwwelpeter
- Frederick Marryat â Settlers in Canada
- Elizabeth Missing Sewell â Amy Herbert
Drama
- Ãmile Augier â La Ciguë[6]
- Dimitrija Demeter â Teuta
- Gustav Freytag â Die Brautfahrt, oder Kunz von der Rosen
- Catherine Gore â Quid Pro Quo
- Christian Friedrich Hebbel â Maria Magdalene
- William H. Smith â The Drunkard[7]
- José Zorilla â Don Juan Tenorio
Poetry
- Elizabeth Barrett Browning â Poems
- Lydia Maria Child â "Over the River and Through the Wood"
- Heinrich Heine â Neue Gedichte[8]
- James Russell Lowell â Poems
- Coventry Patmore â Poems
Non-fiction
- Robert Chambers (anonymously) â Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation
- Joseph Ennemoser â Geschichte der Magie (History of Magic)
- Søren Kierkegaard (as Vigilius Haufniensis) â The Concept of Anxiety (Begrebet Angest)
- Karl Marx â "On the Jewish Question" ("Zur Judenfrage")
- John Stuart Mill â Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy
- William Smith (editor) â Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
- Arthur Penrhyn Stanley â Life of Arnold
- Max Stirner â The Ego and Its Own (Der Einzige und sein Eigentum)
- Henry Fox Talbot â The Pencil of Nature (first book illustrated with photographs from a camera)
Births
- January 2 â Emeline Harriet Howe, American writer and social activist (died 1934)
- January 8 â Sarah Carmichael Harrell, American educator, reformer, and writer (died 1929)
- January 14 â Susan F. Ferree, American writer and activist (died 1910)
- February 25 â Alice Diehl (née Mangold), English novelist and concert pianist (died 1912)[9]
- March 19 â Minna Canth, Finnish writer and social activist (died 1897)[10]
- March 30 â Paul Verlaine, French lyric poet (died 1896)
- April 2 â George Haven Putnam, American author, publisher (died 1930)
- April 16 â Anatole France, French writer (died 1924)[11]
- April 12 â Mollie Evelyn Moore Davis, American poet, writer, and editor (died 1909)
- May 9 â Sarah Newcomb Merrick, American teacher, writer, and physician (unknown year of death)
- June 28 â John Boyle O'Reilly, Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (died 1890)[12]
- July 8 â Janet Milne Rae, Scottish novelist (died 1933)[13]
- July 21 â Matilda Maranda Crawford, American-Canadian writer and poet (died 1920)
- July 22 â William Archibald Spooner, English academic and instigator of spoonerisms (died 1930)
- July 28 â Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (died 1889)[14]
- August 29 â Edward Carpenter, English socialist poet and philosopher (died 1929)[15]
- September 9 â Maurice Thompson, American novelist (died 1901)
- October 1 â H. Maria George Colby, American author of novelettes and juvenile literature (died 1910)
- October 6 â Margret Holmes Bates, American novelist and poet (died 1927)
- October 15 â Friedrich Nietzsche, German philosopher (died 1900)[16]
- October 22 or 23 â Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (died 1923)
- October 23
- Robert Bridges, English poet (died 1930)[17]
- Laura Rosamond White, American author, poet, editor (died 1922)
- October 25 â Joseph Marmette, Canadian novelist and historian (died 1895)
- October 27 â Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Swedish writer and pacifist (died 1916)
- November 21 â Ada Cambridge, English/Australian writer and poet (died 1926)[18]
- December 13 â Catharine H. T. Avery, American author, editor, and educator (died 1911)
- December 27 â Lisa Anne Fletcher, American poet and correspondent (died 1905)
- unknown dates
- Mrs. Lovett Cameron (Caroline "Emily" Sharp), English romantic novelist (died 1921)[19]
- Evelyn Whitaker, English children's writer (died 1929)
Deaths
- January 4 â Maria Hack, English educational writer (born 1777)
- January 27 â Charles Nodier, French novelist (born 1780)[20]
- February 11 â Tamenaga Shunsui, Japanese novelist (born 1790)
- February 12 â Jan Nepomuk Å tÄpánek, Czech dramatist (born 1783)
- May 2 â William Thomas Beckford, English novelist and travel writer (born 1760)
- June 11 â Urban Jarnik, Slovene poet and historian (born 1784)
- June 15 â Thomas Campbell, Scottish poet (born 1777)
- July 11 â Evgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet and philosopher (born 1800)
- August 14 â Henry Cary, Gibraltar-born Irish author and translator (born 1772)
- September 18 â John Sterling, Scottish novelist and poet (born 1806)
- October 28 â Sándor Kisfaludy, Hungarian poet and dramatist (born 1772)[21]
- November 4 â Barbara Hofland, English children's and schoolbook author (born 1770)
- November 21 â Ivan Krylov, Russian fabulist (born 1769)
- December 27 â John Caradja, Greek Prince of Wallachia, translator and theatrical promoter (asthma, born 1754)
Awards
- Chancellor's Gold Medal â Edward Bickersteth, "The Tower of London"[22]
- Newdigate Prize â Evgeny Baratynsky
