1870s

• The prototype telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
• The phonograph is invented in 1877 by Thomas Edison.
• The 6.35mm headphone jack was invented in 1878 and is still widely used today.
• The first version of the light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.^[1]
• The steam drill is invented in 1879.
• Ludwig Boltzmann statistically defined thermodynamic entropy.
• 1873 Weltausstellung in Vienna, 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia and 1878 Exposition universelle in Paris.

• Atlas bear became extinct in 1870.^[2]
• Yellowstone National Park was established and signed into law in 1872.^[3]

Births

1870

• January 2 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor, graphic artist and poet (d. 1938)
• January 6 – Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1944)
• January 4 – Helena Willman-Grabowska, Polish indologist, Sorbonne and Jagiellonian University professor (d. 1957)
• January 8
  • Walter Edwards, American film director (d. 1920)
  • Miguel Primo de Rivera, dictator of Spain (d. 1930)
• January 11 – Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
• January 14 – George Pearce, Australian politician (d. 1952)
• January 20 – Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta, Thai Buddhist monk (d. 1949)
• January 23 – William G. Morgan, American inventor of volleyball (d. 1942)
• February 1 – Erik Adolf von Willebrand, Finnish physician (d. 1949)
• February 7 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (d. 1937)
• February 12
  • Marie Lloyd, English singer (d. 1922)
  • Hugo Stinnes, German industrialist, politician (d. 1924)
• February 20 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer, politician, 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (d. 1937)
• February 25 – Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska, Croatian writer (d. 1946)
• March 5 – Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
• March 10 – Ester Rachel Kamińska, Polish actress, "mother of Yiddish theatre" (d. 1925)
• March 13 – Seale Harris, American physician (d. 1957)
• March 17 – Horace Donisthorpe, English entomologist (d. 1951)
• March 20 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
• March 22 – Arthur Storch (sculptor) (d. 1947)
• March 29 – Pavlos Melas, Greek revolutionary and army officer (d. 1904)
• March 31 – James M. Cox, Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1920 (d. 1957)

• April 1 – Hamaguchi Osachi, 27th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1931)
• April 4 – George Albert Smith, 8th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1951)
• April 17 – Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist, author (d. 1946)
• April 19 – J. Howard Crocker, Canadian educator and sports executive (d. 1959)
• April 21 – Edwin S. Porter, American film director (d. 1941)
• April 22 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary, first Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 1924)
• April 24 – Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, German general (d. 1948)^[6]
• April 30 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948)
• May 9 – Harry Vardon, English golf professional (d. 1937)
• May 10 – Reginald Tyrwhitt, British admiral (d. 1951)
• May 19 – Albert Fish, American serial killer (d. 1936)
• May 24
  • Benjamin N. Cardozo, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1938)
  • Jan Smuts, South African soldier, statesman (d. 1950)
• June 13 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist, microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)
• June 18 – Édouard Le Roy, French mathematician and philosopher (d. 1954)
• June 20 – Georges Dufrénoy, French post-impressionist painter (d. 1943)

• July 3 – R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
• July 12 – Louis II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1949)
• July 25 – Maxfield Parrish, American illustrator (d. 1966)
• July 26 – Charles Becker, American policeman and murderer (d. 1915)
• July 27 – Hilaire Belloc, French/English man of letters (d. 1953)
• July 29 – George Dixon, Canadian boxer (d. 1909)
• August 2 – Marianne Weber, German sociologist and suffragist (d. 1954)^[7]
• August 4 – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (d. 1950)
• August 10 – Hans Zenker, German admiral (d. 1932)
• August 11 – Tom Richardson, English cricketer (d. 1912)
• August 12 – Hubert Gough, British general (d. 1963)
• August 20 – Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1948)
• August 31 – Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952)
• September 24 – Georges Claude, French engineer, inventor (d. 1960)
• September 26 – King Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947)
• September 30
  • Jean Baptiste Perrin, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
  • Thomas W. Lamont, American banker (d. 1948)

• October 2 – Horace Hood, British admiral (d. 1916)
• October 4 – Karl Renner, 1st Chancellor of Austria (d. 1950)
• October 10 – Ivan Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1953)
• October 18 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese philosopher (d. 1966)
• October 22 – Johan Ludwig Mowinckel, Norwegian businessman, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1943)
• October 25 – Elsa Reger, German writer (d. 1951)^[8]
• October 30 – Lawrence Grant, English actor (d. 1952)
• November 21 – Sigfrid Edström, Swedish sports official, President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1964)
• November 27 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956)
• November 28 – Gustavus M. Blech, German-American physician, surgeon (d. 1949)
• November 29 – Trixie Friganza, American actress (d. 1955)
• December 5 – Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (d. 1949)
• December 9 – Francisco S. Carvajal, 36th President of Mexico (d. 1932)
• December 10 – Jadunath Sarkar, Indian historian (d. 1958)
• December 14
  • Dirk Jan de Geer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1960)
  • Karl Renner, 4th President of Austria (d. 1950)
• December 18 – Saki, English writer (d. 1916)
• December 31 (alleged) – Mbah Gotho, Indonesian man, alleged oldest human (d. 2017)

1871

• January 1 – Manuel Gondra, Paraguayan author and journalist, 21st President of Paraguay (d. 1927)^[9]
• January 7 – Émile Borel, French mathematician, politician (d. 1956)
• January 8 – Jeanne Adnet, French anarchist (d. 1942)
• January 8 – William O. Taylor, American newspaper executive (d. 1955)
• January 17 – David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, British admiral (d. 1936)^[10]
• January 19 – Frederick Maurice, British Army officer, military correspondent, writer and academic (d. 1951)
• January 20
  • Élisée Bastard, French anarchist (d. 1957)
  • Fabián García, Mexican-American horticulturist (d. 1948)
• January 30 – Wilfred Lucas, Canadian-born actor (d. 1940)
• February 4
  • Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (d. 1925)
  • Heinrich Schnee, German lawyer, colonial civil servant, politician, writer, and association official (d. 1949)
• February 6 – C. V. Kunhiraman, Indian social reformer, journalist and the founder of Kerala Kaumudi daily (d. 1949)
• February 9 – Howard Taylor Ricketts, American pathologist (d. 1910)
• February 14 – Florence Roberts, American stage actress (d. 1927)
• February 18 – Harry Brearley, English inventor (d. 1948)
• February 25 – Lesya Ukrainka, born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, Ukrainian writer; political, civil and feminist activist (d. 1913)
• February 26 – Matti Turkia, Finnish politician (d. 1946)^[11]
• February 27 – Otto Praeger, American postal official, implemented U.S. Airmail (d. 1948)
• February 28
  • Manuel Díaz Rodríguez, Venezuelan writer and politician (d. 1927)^[12]
  • Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, British expert on heraldry (d. 1928)

• March 1
  • Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (d. 1938)
  • Hermann Kallenbach, Lithuanian-born Jewish South African architect (d. 1945)
  • Oskar Heinroth, German biologist and zoologist (d. 1945)
• March 4 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician (d. 1945)
• March 5 – Rosa Luxemburg, German politician (d. 1919)^[13]
• March 6 – Afonso Costa, Portuguese lawyer, professor, politician and 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1937)
• May 10 – Edward FitzGerald, American-born mountaineer and soldier of British descent (d. 1931)
• March 12 – Kitty Marion, German-born actress and women's rights activist in England and the United States (d. 1944)
• March 15
  • Constantin Argetoianu, 41st Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1955)
  • James B. A. Robertson, American lawyer, judge and the fourth governor of Oklahoma (d. 1938)
• March 17 – Konstantinos Pallis, Greek general (d. 1941)
• March 19
  • Schofield Haigh, English cricketer (d. 1921)
  • John Henry Taylor, English professional golfer (d. 1963)
  • Baroness Mary Vetsera (d. 1889)
• March 24 – Birdie Blye, American pianist (d. 1935)
• March 26 – Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole, Hawaiian royalty and politician (d. 1922)
• March 27 – Heinrich Mann, German writer (d. 1950)
• March 28 – Herman van Roijen, Dutch diplomat (d. 1933)
• March 29 – Aleksei Chichibabin, Soviet Russian organic chemist (d. 1945)
• March 31 – Arthur Griffith, President of Ireland (d. 1922)
• April 1 – F. Melius Christiansen, Norwegian-born violinist and choral conductor (d. 1955)
• April 3 – John Wren, Australian business man (d. 1953)
• April 4 – Luke McNamee, American admiral (d. 1952)
• April 6 – Giorgi Mazniashvili, Georgian general and prominent military figures in the Democratic Republic of Georgia (d. 1937)
• April 7 – Charlotte Maxeke, South African religious leader, social and political activist (d. 1939)
• April 8 – Clarence Hudson White, American photographer (d. 1925)
• April 12 – Ioannis Metaxas, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1941)
• April 13 – Jurgis Matulaitis-Matulevičius, Lithuanian author, Roman Catholic archbishop and blessed (d. 1927)
• April 15 – Jonathan Zenneck, German physicist, electrical engineer (d. 1959)

• May 2 – Francis P. Duffy, Canadian-born American Catholic priest (d. 1932)
• May 3 – Emmett Dalton, American outlaw, train robber and member of the Dalton Gang (d. 1937)
• May 6
  • Victor Grignard, French chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate (d. 1935)
  • Christian Morgenstern, German author (d. 1914)
• May 7 – Gyula Károlyi, 29th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1947)
• May 9 – Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, third son of Alexander III, Maria of Russia and brother of Nicholas II (d. 1899)
• May 14 – Walter Stanley Monroe, businessman, politician, and former Prime Minister of Newfoundland (d. 1952)
• May 19 – Walter Russell, American artist (d. 1963)
• May 26 – Camille Huysmans, Belgian politician and former prime minister of Belgium (d. 1968)
• May 27 – Georges Rouault, French painter, graphic artist (d. 1958)
• May 28 – Teriimaevarua III, last Queen of Bora Bora (d. 1932)
• June 5
  • Nicolae Iorga, 34th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1940)^[14]
  • Michele Angiolillo, Italian anarchist (d. 1897)
• June 7 – Khwaja Salimullah, fourth Nawab of Dhaka and one of the leading Muslim politicians during the British rule in India (d. 1915)
• June 8 – Howard Gould, American financier and the son of Jay Gould (d. 1959)
• June 11 – Walter Cowan, British admiral (d. 1956)
• June 12
  • Ernst Stromer, German paleontologist (d. 1952)
  • Lu Zhengxiang, Chinese diplomat and a Roman Catholic priest and monk (d. 1949)
• June 13 – Princess Hélène of Orléans, member of the deposed Orléans royal family of France (d. 1951)
• June 14 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946)
• June 17 – James Weldon Johnson, American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist, educator, lawyer, songwriter and early civil rights activist (d. 1938)
• June 18 – Edmund Breese, American actor (d. 1936)
• June 23 – Jantina Tammes, Dutch plant biologist (d. 1947)
• June 26 – Reginald R. Belknap, United States Navy rear admiral (d. 1959)

• July 2 – Wilhelm von Mirbach, German diplomat (d. 1918)
• July 5 – Claus Schilling, German medical researcher and war criminal (d. 1946)
• July 10 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922)
• July 13 – John Norton-Griffiths, British engineer, army officer, and politician (d. 1930)
• July 17 – Lyonel Feininger, German painter (d. 1956)
• July 18 – Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (d. 1946)
• July 22 – Aarnoud van Heemstra, Dutch nobleman, jurist and politician (d. 1951)
• July 25 – Richard Turner, Canadian soldier (d. 1961)
• August 1 – John Lester, American cricketer (d. 1969)
• August 3 – Augusta Holtz, Polish-American supercentenarian, last surviving person born in 1871 (d. 1986)
• August 4 – Lillian Smith, American trick shooter and trick rider (d. 1930)
• August 12
  • Gustavs Zemgals, 2nd President of Latvia (d. 1939)
  • Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, Cuban writer, politician, diplomat, and sixth President of Cuba (d. 1939)
• August 13 – Karl Liebknecht, German politician (d. 1919)
• August 14 – Guangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908)
• August 19
  • Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer, co-inventor of the airplane with brother Wilbur (d. 1948)
  • Joseph E. Widener, American art collector (d. 1943)
• August 23 – Sofia Panina, Russian politician (d. 1956)
• August 25 – Nils Edén, 15th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1945)
• August 26 – Edward Lavin Girroir, Canadian politician (d. 1932)
• August 27 – Theodore Dreiser, American writer (d. 1945)
• August 29 – Albert François Lebrun, French politician (d. 1950)
• August 30 – Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1937)
• August 31
  • Ernst II, last reigning duke of Saxe-Altenburg and German general in World War I (d. 1955)
  • Syed Hasan Imam, Indian politician and served as President of the Indian National Congress (d. 1933)

• September 1 – J. Reuben Clark, Under Secretary of State for U.S. President Calvin Coolidge (d. 1961)
• September 7 – Francis Aylmer Maxwell, British-Indian Army officer in the Second Boer War and WWI (d. 1917)
• September 10
  • Thomas Adams, British urban planner (d. 1940)
  • Charles Collett, English Great Western Railway chief mechanical engineer (d. 1952)
• September 11 – Scipione Borghese, Italian aristocrat, industrialist, politician, explorer, mountain climber and race driver (d. 1927)
• September 13 – Alma Kruger, American actress (d. 1960)
• September 15 – Aloysius, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
• September 17 – Eivind Astrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer (d. 1895)
• September 19
  • Frederick Ruple, Swiss-born American portrait painter (d. 1938)
  • Gösta Lilliehöök, Swedish Army officer (d. 1952)
  • Magnus Johnson, American politician (d. 1936)
• September 22 – Gaskell Romney, American patriarch of the Romney family (d. 1955)
• September 23 – František Kupka, Czech painter and graphic artist (d. 1957)
• September 24 – Lottie Dod, English athlete (d. 1960)
• September 26 – Winsor McCay, American cartoonist, animator (d. 1934)
• September 27 – Grazia Deledda, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
• September 28 – Pietro Badoglio, Italian field marshal, prime minister (d. 1956)
• September 30 – Adolphe Stoclet, Belgian engineer, financier and noted collector (d. 1949)
• October 2 – Cordell Hull, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1955)
• October 3 – Kim Bo-hyon, paternal grandfather of Kim Il Sung, great-grandfather of Kim Jong Il, and great-great-grandfather of Kim Jong Un (d. 1955)
• October 5 – Sulejman Delvina, Albanian politician (d. 1932)
• October 10 – David Lindsay, British Conservative politician and art connoisseur (d. 1940)
• October 11 – Sidney Dillon Redmond, American civic leader, physician, lawyer, and politician (d. 1948)
• October 14 – Alexander von Zemlinsky, Austrian composer, conductor, and teacher (d. 1942)
• October 19 – Walter Bradford Cannon, American physiologist (d. 1945)
• October 11 – Harriet Boyd Hawes, American archaeologist (d. 1945)
• October 17 – Dénes Berinkey, 21st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1944)
• October 20 – Atul Prasad Sen, Bengali composer, lyricist, singer, lawyer, philanthropist, social worker, educationist and writer (d. 1934)
• October 25 – John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1915)
• October 27 – Vatslav Vorovsky, Russian Bolshevik, Marxist revolutionary, literary critic, publicist and Soviet diplomat (d. 1923)
• October 30
  • Buck Freeman, American baseball player (d. 1949)
  • Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945)

• November 1 – Stephen Crane, American writer (d. 1900)
• November 12 – Dagmar Hansen, Danish cabaret-singer, stage-performer and Denmark's first "pin-up girl" (d. 1959)
• November 13 – Vladislav F. Ribnikar, Serbian journalist (d. 1914)
• November 14 – Wajed Ali Khan Panni, Bengali aristocrat and philanthropist (d. 1936)^[15]
• November 10
  • Winston Churchill, American best-selling novelist (d. 1947)
  • Sachchidananda Sinha, Indian lawyer, parliamentarian, and journalist (d. 1950)
• November 18 – Amadeu Vives i Roig, Spanish-Catalan composer and writer (d. 1932)
• November 23 – William Watt, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1946)
• November 26 – Luigi Sturzo, Italian Catholic priest and politician (d. 1959)
• November 27 – Giovanni Giorgi, Italian physicist and electrical engineer (d. 1950)
• December 9 – Joe Kelley, American Baseball Hall of Famer (d. 1943)
• December 13 – Emily Carr, Canadian artist (d. 1945)
• December 14 – August von Hayek, Austrian physician and botanist (d. 1928)
• December 16 – Manuel Fernández Silvestre, Spanish general (d. 1921)
• December 17 – Virginia Fábregas, Mexican actress (d. 1950)^[16]
• December 29 – Meyer London, American politician (d. 1926)

• Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni, Moroccan sharif and tribal leader (d. 1925)
• Sevasti Qiriazi, Albanian educator, women's rights activist (d. 1949)
• Zhang Jinghui, Chinese general and politician, second and final Prime Minister of Manchukuo (d. 1959)
• Armando Falconi, Italian stage and film actor (d. 1954)
• Cyrus Avery, creator of US Route 66 (d. 1963)
• Hasan Rıza Pasha, general in the Ottoman Army (d. 1913)
• Isfandiyar Khan, Khan of Khiva between September 1910 and 1 October 1918 (d. 1918)
• R. Ramachandra Rao, Indian civil servant, mathematician and social and political activist (d. 1936)
• Konstantinos Spanoudis, Greek politician and journalist (d. 1941)

1872 * January 6 – Alexander Scriabin, Russian composer (d. 1915)

• January 11 – Georg Karo, German archaeologist (d. 1963)
• January 14 – Kerstin Hesselgren, Swedish politician (d. 1962)
• January 20 – Julia Morgan, American architect (d. 1957)
• January 23 – Gotse Delchev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1903)
• January 31 – Zane Grey, American writer (d. 1939)
• February 2 – Abul Kasem, Bengali politician (d. 1936)^[17]
• February 6 – Robert Maillart, Swiss civil engineer (d. 1940)
• February 11 – Hannah Mitchell, English socialist, suffragette (d. 1956)
• February 19 – Johan Pitka, Estonian entrepreneur, sea captain, and admiral (d. 1944)
• February 27 – Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, 3-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1950)
• February 28 – Mehdi Frashëri, Albanian politician, 15th Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1963)
• March 3 – Willie Keeler, American baseball player (d. 1923)
• March 7 – Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (d. 1944)
• March 18 – Ludwig Herzer, Austrian musician and composer (d. 1939)
• March 19 – Anna Held, Polish-born French actress (d. 1918)
• March 23 – Michael Joseph Savage, 23rd Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1940)
• March 28 – José Sanjurjo, Spanish general (d. 1936)

• April 9 – Léon Blum, French politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1950)
• April 14 – Abdullah Yusuf Ali, Indian-born Islamic scholar, translator (d. 1953)
• April 29 – Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman, horse breeder (d. 1930)
• May 1 – Sidónio Pais, 4th President, 66th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1918)
• May 2 – Ichiyō Higuchi, Japanese author (d. 1896)
• May 6 – William Bowie, American geodetic engineer (d. 1940)
• May 12 – Anton Korošec, Slovenian political leader (d. 1940)
• May 18 – Bertrand Russell, British philosopher and mathematician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1970)
• May 22 – Kim Gap-sun, bureaucrat and modern Korean businessman, politician, and realtor(d. 1961)^[18]
• May 31
  • Charles Greeley Abbot, American astrophysicist (d. 1973)
  • W. Heath Robinson, British cartoonist, illustrator (d. 1944)
• June 3 – Saburō Hyakutake, Japanese admiral (d. 1963)
• June 5 – Ladislas Lazaro, U.S. Representatives from Louisiana (d. 1927)
• June 6 – Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) (d. 1918)
• June 8 – Jan Frans De Boever, Belgian painter (d. 1949)
• June 22 – Charles Murray, American actor (d. 1941)
• June 27 – Paul Laurence Dunbar, American poet, publisher (d. 1906)

• July 1 – Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer (d. 1936)
• July 4 – Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)
• July 5 – Édouard Herriot, 3-time prime minister of France (d. 1957)
• July 12 – Emil Hácha, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1945)
• July 16 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian polar explorer (d. 1928)^[19]
• July 23 – Edward Adrian Wilson, English polar explorer (d. 1912)
• July 28 – Albert Sarraut, 2-time prime minister of France (d. 1962)
• August 3 – King Haakon VII of Norway (d. 1957)
• August 9 – Archduke Joseph August of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. 1962)
• August 10 – William Manuel Johnson, American jazz double-bassist (d. 1972)
• August 13 – Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1942)
• August 15 – Sri Aurobindo, Indian nationalist, writer and mystic (d. 1950)
• August 21 – Aubrey Beardsley, English illustrator (d. 1898)^[20]
• August 23 – Egerton Reuben Stedman, Canadian politician (d. 1946)
• August 26 – Joseph Taylor Robinson, American politician (d. 1937)
• September 13 – Kijūrō Shidehara, 31st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
• September 20 – Maurice Gamelin, French general (d. 1958)
• September 21 – Henry Tingle Wilde, British mariner, Chief Officer RMS Titanic (d. 1912)
• September 28 – David Unaipon, Aboriginal Australian preacher, author and inventor (d. 1967)

• October 4 – Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes, British admiral (d. 1945)
• October 6 – Carl Gustaf Ekman, 2-time prime minister of Sweden (d. 1945)
• October 11
  • Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
  • Emily Davidson, English suffragist (d. 1913)
• October 12 – Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer (d. 1958)
• October 15
  • Wilhelm Miklas, 3rd President of Austria (d. 1956)
  • Edith Wilson, First Lady of the United States (d. 1961)
• October 27 – Emily Post, American etiquette expert (d. 1960)
• October 30 – Louisa Martindale, British physician, writer, magistrate and prison commissioner (d. 1966)
• November 1 – Louis Dewis, Belgian Post-Impressionist painter (d. 1946)
• November 4 – Barbu Știrbey, 30th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1946)
• November 11 – Maude Adams, American stage actress (d. 1953)
• November 20 – Joseph M. Reeves, American admiral (d. 1948)^[21]
• November 30 – John McCrae, Canadian soldier, surgeon and poet (d. 1918)
• December 3 – William Haselden, Spanish-born English cartoonist (d. 1953)
• December 7 – Johan Huizinga, Dutch cultural historian (d. 1945)
• December 8 – Mace Greenleaf, American actor (d. 1912)
• December 11 – René Bull, British illustrator, photographer (d. 1942)
• December 14 – John Smith Archibald, Canadian architect (d. 1934)
• December 16 – Anton Ivanovich Denikin, Imperial Russian Lieutenant General (d. 1947)
• December 21 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer (d. 1956)
• December 26 – Norman Angell, English politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1967)

1873

• January 2 – Thérèse of Lisieux, Catholic saint, mystic (d. 1897)
• January 4 – Blanche Walsh, American stage, screen actress (d. 1915)
• January 7 – Adolph Zukor, Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. 1976)
• January 8 – Iuliu Maniu, Romanian politician (d. 1953)
• January 9
  • Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1944)
  • Hayim Nahman Bialik, Israel's national poet (d. 1934)
• January 10 – George Orton, Canadian athlete (d. 1958)
• January 12 – Spyridon Louis, Greek runner (d. 1940)
• January 20 – Johannes V. Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)^[22]
• January 28 – Colette, French writer (d. 1954)^[23]
• January 29 – Prince Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Italian mountaineer, explorer and admiral (d. 1933)
• January 30 – Vassily Balabanov, administrator, Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia (d. 1947)
• January 31 – Melitta Bentz, German entrepreneur who invented the coffee filter in 1908 (d. 1950)
• February 2 – Maurice Tourneur, French film director (d. 1961)
• February 3
  • Hugh Trenchard, British military aviation pioneer (d. 1956)
  • Karl Jatho, German aviation pioneer (d. 1933)
• February 4 – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (d. 1905)
• February 7 – Thomas Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (d. 1912)^[24]
• February 13
  • Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass opera singer (d. 1938)^[25]
  • Red Wing, Native American silent film actress (d. 1974)
• February 15 – Hans von Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• February 19 – Louis Feuillade, French film director (d. 1925)
• February 25 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (d. 1921)^[26]
• February 28 – William McMaster Murdoch, Officer of Titanic (d. 1912)

• March 3 – William Green, American labor leader (d. 1952)
• March 11 – David Horsley, English-born film executive (d. 1933)
• March 19 – Max Reger, German composer (d. 1916)^[27]
• March 29 – Billy Quirk, American actor (d. 1926)
• April 1 (N.S.)/March 20 (O.S.) – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian pianist and composer (d. 1943)^[28]
• April 4 – Gyula Peidl, 23rd prime minister of Hungary (d. 1943)
• April 7 – John McGraw, American baseball player, manager (d. 1934)
• April 10 – Kyösti Kallio, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1940)
• April 13 – John W. Davis, American politician, diplomat, and lawyer (d. 1955)
• April 19 – Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (d. 1967)
• April 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (d. 1930)
• April 22 – Ellen Glasgow, American writer (d. 1945)^[29]
• April 23 – Theodor Körner, President of Austria (d. 1957)
• April 25
  • Walter de la Mare, English poet, short story writer and novelist (d. 1956)
  • Félix d'Herelle, French-Canadian microbiologist (d. 1949)

• May 4 – Joe De Grasse, Canadian film director (d. 1940)
• May 5 – Leon Czolgosz, assassin of U.S. President William McKinley (d. 1901)
• May 9 – Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933)
• May 10 – Cary D. Landis, American attorney and politician (d. 1938)
• May 15 – Oskari Tokoi, Finnish socialist and the Chairman of the Senate of Finland (d. 1963)^[30]
• May 17
  • Henri Barbusse, French novelist, journalist (d. 1935)^[31]
  • Dorothy Richardson, English feminist writer (d. 1957)
• May 21 – Hans Berger, German neurologist (d. 1941)
• May 28 – D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (d. 1948)
• June 2 – Anna Eliza Williams, British supercentenarian and oldest person in the world (d. 1987)
• June 3 – Otto Loewi, German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)
• June 15 – Leonora Cohen, British suffragette and trade unionist (d. 1978)
• June 28 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944)
• June 29 – Monroe Dunaway Anderson, Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company; "Father of Texas Medical Center" (d. 1939)

• July 1
  • Alice Guy-Blaché, French-American filmmaker (d. 1968)
  • Andrass Samuelsen, 1st prime minister of Faroe Islands (d. 1954)
• July 3 – Prince Yamashina Kikumaro, Japanese prince (d. 1908)
• July 6 – Dimitrios Maximos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955)
• July 8 – Carl Vaugoin, 7th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1949)
• July 12 – Oscar von Sydow, 18th prime minister of Sweden (d. 1936)
• July 17 – Many Benner, French painter (d. 1965)
• July 20 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. 1932)
• August 4 – Dámaso Berenguer, Spanish general and politician (d. 1953)
• August 5 – Joseph Russell Knowland, American politician, newspaperman (d. 1966)
• August 10 – William Ernest Hocking, American philosopher (d. 1966)
• August 13 – Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven, South African author (d. 1932)
• August 17 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (d. 1946)
• August 18 – Otto Harbach, American lyricist (d. 1963)^[32]
• August 20 – William Henry Bell, 1st director of the South African College of Music (d. 1946)
• August 21 – Harry T. Morey, American actor (d. 1936)
• August 26 – Lee de Forest, American inventor (d. 1961)

• September 1
  • Sir Guy Standing, British actor (d. 1937)
  • João Ferreira Sardo, Portuguese presbyter and founder of Gafanha da Nazaré (d. 1925)
  • Felicija Bortkevičienė, Lithuanian politician and publisher (d. 1945)
• September 5 – Cornelius Vanderbilt III, American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. 1942)
• September 8
  • Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright (d. 1907)^[33]
  • David O. McKay, 9th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1970)
• September 17 – Ibrahim of Johor, Malaysian sultan (d. 1959)
• September 20
  • Sidney Olcott, Canadian-born pioneer film director (d. 1949)
  • Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born racing driver (d. 1944)
• September 21 – Papa Jack Laine, American jazz musician (d. 1966)
• October 8 – Ma Barker, American criminal (d. 1935)
• October 9 – Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist, astronomer (d. 1916)
• October 13 – Georgios Kafantaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1946)
• October 14 – Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)
• October 16 – Juho Kekkonen, Finnish forestry manager and tenant farmer (d. 1928)^[34]
• October 18 – Ivanoe Bonomi, 2-time prime minister of Italy (d. 1951)
• October 19
  • Jaap Eden, Dutch skater, cyclist (d. 1925)
  • Bart King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• October 20 – Jussi Merinen, Finnish politician (d. 1918)^[35]
• October 26
  • Thorvald Stauning, 9th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1942)
  • A. K. Fazlul Huq, Bengali statesman (d. 1962)
• October 30
  • Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union football player (d. 1917)
  • Francisco I. Madero, 33rd president of Mexico (d. 1913)

• November 9 – Fritz Thyssen, German industrialist (d. 1951)
• November 16 – W. C. Handy, American blues composer (d. 1958)^[36]
• November 20 – Ramón Castillo, Argentinian politician, 25th President of Argentina (d. 1944)
• November 22 – Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (d. 1930)
• November 28 – Frank Phillips, American oil executive (d. 1950)
• November 30 – William Boyle, 12th Earl of Cork, British admiral (d. 1967)^[37]
• December 7 – Willa Cather, American novelist (d. 1947)^[38]
• December 11 – Josip Plemelj, Slovenian mathematician (d. 1967)
• December 17 – Ford Madox Ford, English writer (d. 1939)^[39]
• December 20 – Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (d. 1948)
• December 26 – Thomas Wass, Nottinghamshire cricketer (d. 1953)
• December 30 – Al Smith, American politician, Democratic presidential candidate (d. 1944)

• Nesaruddin Ahmad, Bengali Islamic scholar (d. 1952)^[40]
• Filip Mișea, Aromanian activist, physician and politician (d. 1944)^[41]

1874

• January 1
  • Alexandros Hatzikyriakos, Greek admiral, politician (d. 1958)
  • Gustave Whitehead, German-born aviation pioneer (d. 1927)
• January 4 – Josef Suk, Czech composer, violinist (d. 1935)
• January 5 – Joseph Erlanger, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
• January 11 – Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Salvadoran politician, physician, and three-time president of El Salvador (d. 1950)^[42]
• January 12 – Marta Anna Wiecka, Polish Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (d. 1904)
• January 16 – Robert W. Service, American poet (d. 1958)
• January 20 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer, cricketer and baseball player (d. 1938)
• January 21 – Frederick M. Smith, American religious leader, author (d. 1946)
• January 25 – W. Somerset Maugham, English author (d. 1965)
• January 28
  • Vsevolod Meyerhold, Russian theatre practitioner (d. 1940)
  • Gheorghe Mironescu, two-time prime minister of Romania (d. 1949)
• January 29 – John D. Rockefeller Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960)

• February 1 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (d. 1929)
• February 3 – Gertrude Stein, American writer, patron of the arts (d. 1946)
• February 6 – Henry C. Mustin, American naval aviation pioneer (d. 1923)
• February 9 – Amy Lowell, American poet (d. 1925)
• February 11
  • Elsa Beskow, Swedish writer (d. 1953)
  • Fritz Hart, English-born composer (d. 1949)
• February 15 – Sir Ernest Shackleton, Irish explorer (d. 1922)
• February 17 – Thomas J. Watson, American computer pioneer (d. 1956)
• February 19 – Carl Stockdale, American actor (d. 1953)
• February 20 – Mary Garden, American opera soprano of Scots descent (some sources state her birth year as 1877) (d. 1967)
• February 23 – Konstantin Päts, 1st President of Estonia (d. 1956)
• February 24 – Honus Wagner, American baseball player (d. 1955)
• February 26 – Nikolai Korotkov, Russian surgeon (d. 1920)
• February 28 – Pawang Nong, Pahang Hero (d. 1977)

• March 5 – Henry Travers, English actor (d. 1965)
• March 16 – Frédéric François-Marsal, Prime Minister of France (d. 1958)
• March 24
  • Luigi Einaudi, 2nd president of Italy (d. 1961)
  • Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician (d. 1926)
• March 26 – Robert Frost, American poet (d. 1963)
• March 29
  • Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (d. 1944)
  • Rudolf Maister, Slovene military officer, leader of "Maister's Fighters" (d. 1934)
• March 30
  • Charles Herbert Lightoller, 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
  • Nicolae Rădescu, 45th prime minister of Romania (d. 1953)

• April 1 – Emmi Mäkelin, Finnish midwife and politician (d. 1962)
• April 8 – Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (d. 1960)
• April 14 – Matti Lonkainen, Finnish politician (d. 1918)^[43]
• April 15 – Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
• April 19 – Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist (d. 1952)
• April 25 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1937)
• April 28 – Sidney Toler, American actor, playwright and theatre director (d. 1947)

• May 3 – François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (d. 1934)
• May 9 – Howard Carter, British archaeologist (d. 1939)
• May 14 – Polaire, French actress, singer (d. 1939)
• May 17 – Mikhail Diterikhs, Russian general (d. 1937)
• May 19 – Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (d. 1955)
• May 22 – D. F. Malan, 4th prime minister of South Africa (d. 1959)
• May 26 – Henri Farman, French pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1958)
• May 27 – Dustin Farnum, American actor (d. 1929)
• May 29 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (d. 1936)

• June 11 – Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer (d. 1951)
• June 14 – Louis Lipsett, Irish-born British general (d. 1918)^[44]
• June 16 – Arthur Meighen, 9th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960)
• June 17 – Grant Mitchell, American actor (d. 1957)
• June 18 – King George Tupou II of Tonga (d. 1918)

• July 3 – R. B. Bennett, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1947)
• July 5 – Eugen Fischer, German professor of medicine, anthropology, and eugenics (d. 1967)
• July 6 – Isaías de Noronha, 13th President of Brazil (d. 1963)
• July 14 – Abbas II, last khedive of Egypt (d. 1944)
• July 25 – Alfred Walton Hinds, 17th Naval Governor of Guam (d. 1957)
• July 26 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian conductor (d. 1951)
• July 27 – Frank Shannon, Irish-born American actor (d. 1959)
• July 29 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician (d. 1942)

• August 1 – Constantin Levaditi, Romanian physician and microbiologist (d. 1953)
• August 6 – Charles Fort, Dutch-American writer, researcher into anomalous phenomena (d. 1932)
• August 8 – Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-American businessman (d. 1948)
• August 10
  • Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States (d. 1964)
  • Jirō Minami, Japanese general, Governor-General of Korea (1936–1942) (d. 1955)
  • Tod Sloan, American jockey (d. 1933)
• August 14 – Bertha M. Wilson, American dramatist, critic, and actress (d. 1936)
• August 27 – Carl Bosch, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)

• September 12 – Redcliffe N. Salaman, British botanist (d. 1955)
• September 13
  • Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
  • Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (d. 1951)
• September 20 – Barbara Schack, Sudeten German politician (d. 1958)^[45]
• September 21 – Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934)
• September 23 – Ernst Streeruwitz, 6th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1952)

• October 3 – Charles Middleton, American actor (d. 1949)
• October 8
  • István Bethlen, 28th prime minister of Hungary (d. 1946)
  • Nance O'Neil, American stage and film actress (d. 1965)
• October 9 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947)
• October 13 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
• October 15 – Alfred, Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1899)
• October 17 – Lumsden Hare, Irish-born actor, theatre director and producer (d. 1964)
• October 20 – Charles Ives, American composer (d. 1954)
• October 26 – Martin Lowry, English chemist (d. 1936)

• November 1 – Salima Machamba, Sultan of Mohéli (d. 1964)
• November 13 – Henry Kolker, American stage, screen actor (d. 1947)
• November 14 – Johann Schober, 3rd Chancellor of Austria (d. 1932)
• November 15 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949)
• November 22 – Elizabeth Patterson, actress (d. 1966)
• November 27 – Chaim Weizmann, 1st president of Israel (d. 1952)
• November 29 – António Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician and neurologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955)
• November 30
  • Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1965)
  • Friedrich Hasenöhrl, Austrian physicist (d. 1915)
  • Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian author (d. 1942)

• December 2 – Eleanor Addison Phillips, English educator and founder of the world's first Soroptimist Movement, the Venture Club (d. 1952)
• December 11
  • James L. Kraft, Canadian-American entrepreneur, inventor (d. 1953)
  • Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (d. 1948)
• December 13 – Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist (d. 1944)
• December 17 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1950)
• December 22 – Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (d. 1939)
• December 26 – Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah, Indian educationist, philosopher, philanthropist, social reformer, Sufi thinker, scientist and spiritual person (d. 1965)
• December 29 – Thomas W. Benoist, American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world's first scheduled airline (d. 1917)

1875

• January 3 – Alexandros Diomidis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1950)
• January 5 – J. Stuart Blackton, American film producer (d. 1941)
• January 6 – Leslie Green, English architect (d. 1908)
• January 9 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor, socialite (d. 1942)
• January 11 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956)
• January 14
  • Felix Hamrin, 22nd Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1937)
  • Albert Schweitzer, Alsatian philosopher and musician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1965)
• January 15
  • Thomas Burke, American sprinter (d. 1929)
  • King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (d. 1953)
• January 22 – D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth of a Nation) (d. 1948)
• February 1 – Eddie Polo, Austrian-American actor (d. 1961)
• February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (d. 1962)
• February 4 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (d. 1953)
• February 7 – Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (d. 1937)
• February 8 – Valentine O'Hara, Irish author, authority on Russia and the Baltic states (d. 1941)
• February 21 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian, world's longest lived person (d. 1997)
• February 26 – Emma Dunn, British-born stage, screen actress (d. 1966)

• March 4 – Mihály Károlyi, Prime Minister and President of Hungary (d. 1955)
• March 7 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
• March 8 – Kenkichi Ueda, Japanese general (d. 1962)
• March 9
  • Juan de Dios Martínez, 23rd President of Ecuador (d. 1955)
  • Martin Shaw, English composer and conductor (d. 1958)^[46]
• March 19 – Zhang Zuolin, Chinese bandit, soldier, and warlord (d. 1928)
• March 26 – Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (d. 1965)
• March 28 – Helen Westley, American stage, film actress (d. 1942)
• April 1 – Edgar Wallace, English author (d. 1932)
• April 2 – Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer (d. 1940)
• April 4
  • Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (d. 1948)
  • Pierre Monteux, French-born conductor (d. 1964)
• April 5 – Mistinguett, French singer (d. 1956)
• April 8 – King Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934)
• April 9 – Kristian Laake, Norwegian general (d. 1950)^[47]
• April 15 – James J. Jeffries, American boxer (d. 1953)
• April 18 – Abd-ru-shin, German author (d. 1941)

• May 2 – Owen Roberts, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1955)
• May 6 – William D. Leahy, American admiral (d. 1959)
• May 11 – Harriet Quimby, American pilot (d. 1912)
• May 12
  • Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1949)
  • Charles Holden, English architect (d. 1960)
• May 23 – Alfred P. Sloan, American automobile industrialist (d. 1966)
• June 4 – Albert E. Smith, English stage magician, film director and producer (d. 1958)
• June 6
  • J. Farrell MacDonald, American character actor, film director (d. 1952)
  • Thomas Mann, German novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
• June 9 – Henry Hallett Dale, English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• June 12 – Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953)
• June 15 – Herman Smith-Johannsen, Norwegian supercentenarian (d. 1987)
• June 24 – Diedrich Westermann, German linguist (d. 1956)
• June 28 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician (d. 1941)

• July 3
  • Tanxu, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 1963)
  • Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951)
• July 10
  • Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Hungarian politician (d. 1973)
  • Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator (d. 1955)
• July 25 – Jim Corbett, Anglo-Indian hunter, conservationist and author (d. 1955)
• July 26
  • Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961)
  • Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939)
• August 8 – Artur Bernardes, 12th President of Brazil (d. 1955)
• August 10 – Florrie Forde, Australian-born music hall singer (d. 1940)
• August 15 – Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, English composer (d. 1912)
• August 16 – Juho Sunila, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1936)
• August 21 – Winnifred Eaton, Canadian author (d. 1954)
• August 26 – John Buchan, Scottish-Canadian novelist, historian and politician, 15th Governor General of Canada (d. 1940)
• August 27 – Katharine McCormick, American suffragist (d. 1967)
• August 29 – Leonardo De Lorenzo, Italian flautist (d. 1962)
• August 31 – Rosa Lemberg, Namibian-born Finnish American teacher, singer and choral conductor (d. 1959)^[48]

• September 1 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American fiction writer (d. 1950)
• September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951)
• September 16 – James Cash Penney, American businessman, founder of J. C. Penney (d. 1971)
• September 18 – Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (d. 1945)
• September 20 – Matthias Erzberger, German politician (assassinated 1921)^[49]
• September 22 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian composer (d. 1911)
• October 1 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter (d. 1930)
• October 12 – Aleister Crowley, British occultist (d. 1947)
• October 18 – James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey, Ghanaian-born educationalist (d. 1927)
• October 19 – George Ranetti, Romanian poet, publicist (d. 1928)
• October 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
• October 31 – Vallabhbhai Patel, Indian political leader ("Iron Man of India") (d. 1950)

• November 6 – Marie Celeste, American soprano and actress (d. 1954)
• November 8 – Qiu Jin, Chinese revolutionary, writer and feminist (executed 1907)
• November 14 – Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (k. in action 1899)
• November 17 – Birger Eriksen, Norwegian military officer, sinker of the Blücher (d. 1958)
• November 30 – Otto Strandman, 1st Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1941)
• December 4 – Rainer Maria Rilke, Austrian poet (d. 1926)
• December 5 – Arthur Currie, Canadian general (d. 1933)
• December 6 – Evelyn Underhill, British writer (d. 1941)
• December 11 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi, government minister (d. 1962)
• December 12 – Gerd von Rundstedt, German field marshal (d. 1953)
• December 15 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet, revolutionary (d. 1899)
• December 19 – Mileva Marić, Albert Einstein's first wife (d. 1948)
• December 24 – Otto Ender, 8th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1960)
• December 25 – Theodor Innitzer, Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. 1955)

1876

• January 5 – Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1967)^[50]
• January 8 – Arturs Alberings, Prime Minister of Latvia (d. 1934)
• January 12
  • Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (d. 1948)
  • Jack London, American author (d. 1916)
• January 20 – Józef Hofmann, Polish pianist (d. 1967)
• January 22 – Bess Houdini, wife, stage partner of Harry Houdini (d. 1943)
• January 23 – Otto Diels, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
• January 24 – Theodor Tobler, Swiss chocolatier, founder of Toblerone (d. 1941)
• January 29 – Havergal Brian, British composer (d. 1972)
• February 8 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (d. 1907)
• February 12 – Thubten Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (d. 1933)
• February 16
  • Mack Swain, American actor (d. 1935)
  • G. M. Trevelyan, British historian (d. 1962)
• February 19 – Constantin Brâncuși, Romanian sculptor (d. 1957)
• February 22 – Zitkala-Sa, Native American writer, activist, editor, educator and translator (d. 1938)^[51]
• February 23 – Senjūrō Hayashi, Japanese general and politician, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1943)
• March 1 – Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d. 1942)
• March 2
  • James A. Gilmore, American businessman and baseball executive (d. 1947)^[52]
  • Pope Pius XII (d. 1958)
• March 4 – Theodore Hardeen, Hungarian magician and stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945)
• March 5 – Tiburcio Carías Andino, 24th President of Honduras (d. 1969)^{[citation needed]}
• March 6 – A. A. Kannisto, Finnish politician (d. 1930)^[53]
• March 7 – Edgar Evans, Welsh naval seaman and polar explorer (d. 1912)
• March 11 – Carl Ruggles, American composer (d. 1971)
• March 15 – Óscar R. Benavides, 67th and 76th President of Peru (d. 1945)
• March 21 – Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968)
• March 22 – Henry O'Malley, American fish culturist, United States Commissioner of Fisheries (d. 1936)
• March 23 – Ziya Gökalp, Turkish writer and poet (d. 1924)
• March 26 – Wilhelm, Prince of Albania, sovereign Prince of Albania (d. 1945)
• March 31 – Borisav Stanković, Serbian writer (d. 1927)

• April 1
  • Peter Strasser, German naval officer, airship commander (d. 1918)
  • James Young Deer, Native American film producer (d. 1946)
• April 3 – Margaret Anglin, Canadian stage actress (d. 1958)
• April 4
  • Bolesław Roja, Polish general (d. 1940)
  • Maurice de Vlaminck, French painter, poet (d. 1958)
• April 9 – Ettore Bastico, Italian field marshal (d. 1972)
• April 11 – Paul Henry, Irish artist (d. 1958)
• April 12 – Oskar Fischer, Czech Scientist (d. 1942)
• April 14 – Sir Murray Bisset, South African cricketer, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1931)
• April 22 – Róbert Bárány, Hungarian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936)
• April 23 – Mary Ellicott Arnold, American social activist, writer (d. 1968)
• April 24 – Erich Raeder, German admiral (d. 1960)
• April 26 – Mariam Thresia Chiramel, Indian Catholic professed religious and stigmatist (d. 1926)
• May 10
  • Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (d. 1918)
  • Shigeru Honjō, Japanese general (d. 1945)
• May 18 – Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1931)
• June 4 – Clara Blandick, American actress (d. 1962)
• June 13 – William Sealy Gosset, English chemist and statistician (d. 1937)
• June 19 – Sir Nigel Gresley, English steam locomotive engineer (Flying Scotsman & Mallard) (d. 1941)
• June 22 – Madeleine Vionnet, French fashion designer (d. 1975)

• July 2 – Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1933)
• July 3 – George Murray Levick, British Antarctic explorer and naval surgeon (d. 1956)^[54]
• July 6 – Luis Emilio Recabarren, Chilean politician, founder of the Communist Party of Chile. (d. 1924)
• July 8 – Alexandros Papanastasiou, 2-time prime minister of Greece (d. 1936)
• July 12
  • Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
  • Alphaeus Philemon Cole, American artist, engraver, etcher and supercentenarian (d. 1988)
• July 16 – Alfred Stock, German chemist (d. 1946)
• July 19
  • Ignaz Seipel, 4th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1932)
  • Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
• July 29 – Maria Ouspenskaya, Russian actress, acting teacher (d. 1949)
• August 5 – Sydney Spencer Sawrey-Cookson, British judge (d. 1933)
• August 7 – Mata Hari, Dutch exotic dancer, spy (d. 1917)
• August 15 – Stylianos Gonatas, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1966)
• August 17
  • Eric Drummond, 16th Earl of Perth, British politician, first Secretary-General of the League of Nations (d. 1951)
  • Henri Winkelman, Dutch general (d. 1952)
• August 25 – Eglantyne Jebb, English co-founder of the Save the Children Fund, champion of children's human rights (d. 1928)
• August 29 – Kim Ku, Korean politician (d. 1949)
• September 1 – Harriet Shaw Weaver, English political activist (d. 1961)
• September 5 – Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (d. 1956)
• September 6 – John Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
• September 7 – Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934)
• September 13 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
• September 15 – Bruno Walter, German conductor (d. 1962)
• September 16 – Marvin Hart, American boxer (d. 1931)
• September 18 – James Scullin, 9th Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1953)
• September 22 – André Tardieu, 3-time prime minister of France (d. 1945)
• September 23 – Brudenell White, Australian general (d. 1940)
• September 26 – Edith Abbott, American social worker, educator and author (d. 1957)
• September 29 – Charlie Llewellyn, first non-white South African Test cricketer (d. 1964)

• October 7 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (d. 1934)
• October 9 – Sol Plaatje, South African political activist (d. 1932)
• October 11 – Karl Leopold von Möller, German officer, journalist, author and politician (d. 1943)
• October 13 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player (d. 1914)
• October 21 – Sir Fraser Russell, South African-born Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1952)
• October 26 – H. B. Warner, English stage, screen actor (d. 1958)
• October 29 – Anton Boisen, American founder of the clinical pastoral education movement (d. 1965)
• November 2 – Alfred S. Alschuler, American architect (d. 1940)
• November 3 – Rupert D'Oyly Carte, English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (d. 1948)
• November 7
  • Culbert Olson, Governor of California (d. 1962)
  • Charlie Townsend, English cricketer (d. 1958)
• November 9 – Richard Thornton Fisher, American forester and educator (d. 1934)
• November 13 – William N. Andrews, American politician and member of the United States House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921 (d. 1937)
• November 17 – August Sander, German photographer (d. 1964)
• November 23 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (d. 1946)
• November 24 – Walter Burley Griffin, American architect (d. 1937)
• December 9 – Berton Churchill, Canadian actor (d. 1940)
• December 12 – Alvin Kraenzlein, American athlete (d. 1928)
• December 21 – Jack Lang, Australian politician (d. 1975)
• December 25
  • Adolf Windaus, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
  • Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder, first governor general of Pakistan (official birthday; d. 1948)
• December 29
  • Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist (d. 1973)
  • Lionel Tertis, English violist (d. 1975)

• Petro Trad, 5th President and 14th Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 1947)
• Abd Allah Siraj, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1949)

1877

• January 2 – Slava Raškaj, Croatian painter (d. 1906)
• January 3 – Josephine Hull, American actress (d. 1957)
• January 22 – Hjalmar Schacht, German economist, politician and banker (d. 1970)
• January 26 – Kees van Dongen, Dutch-French painter (d. 1968)
• February 4 – Eddie Cochems, father of the forward pass in American football (d. 1953)
• February 7 – G. H. Hardy, British mathematician (d. 1947)
• February 8 – Carl Tanzler, German-born radiology technologist (d. 1952)
• February 12 – Louis Renault, French industrialist, founder of Renault automobile company (d. 1944)
• February 14 – Edmund Landau, German mathematician (d. 1938)
• February 17
  • Isabelle Eberhardt, Swiss explorer, writer (d. 1904)
  • André Maginot, French politician (d. 1932)
• February 19 – Gabriele Münter, German painter (d. 1962)
• February 25 – Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1935)
• March 2 – Consuelo Vanderbilt, Duchess of Marlborough (d. 1964)
• March 4 – Garrett Morgan, American inventor (d. 1963)
• March 7 – Thorvald Ellegaard, Danish track cyclist (d. 1954)^[55]
• March 10 – Pascual Ortiz Rubio, Mexican politician, substitute President of Mexico, 1930–1932 (d. 1963)^[56]
• March 12 – Wilhelm Frick, German Nazi Minister of the Interior (d. 1946)
• March 17 – Ville Kiviniemi, Finnish politician (d. 1951)^[57]
• March 18 – Edgar Cayce, American psychic (d. 1945)

• April 15 – Georg Kolbe, German sculptor (d. 1947)
• April 17 – Lionel Pape, English actor (d. 1944)
• April 26 – Alliott Verdon Roe, English aviation pioneer (d. 1958)
• April 30 – Alice B. Toklas, American writer (d. 1967)
• May 3 – Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (d. 1925)
• May 24 – Samuel W. Bryant, American admiral (d. 1938)
• May 25 – Billy Murray, American singer (d. 1954)
• May 27 – Isadora Duncan, American dancer (d. 1927)
• June 4 – Heinrich Otto Wieland, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
• June 7 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
• June 11 – Renée Vivien, British poet who wrote in French (d. 1909)
• June 12 – Thomas C. Hart, American admiral, politician (d. 1971)
• June 14 – Jane Bathori, French opera singer (d. 1970)
• June 18 – James Montgomery Flagg, American artist, comics artist and illustrator (d. 1960)
• June 19 – Charles Coburn, American actor (d. 1961)

• July 2
  • Rinaldo Cuneo, American artist ("the painter of San Francisco") (d. 1939)
  • Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
• July 6 – Arnaud Massy, French golfer (d. 1950)
• July 13 – Erik Scavenius, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1962)
• July 19 – Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
• July 27 – Ernst von Dohnányi, Hungarian conductor (d. 1960)
• July 31 – Louisa Bolus, South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)
• August 1 – George Hackenschmidt, Estonian strongman, professional wrestler (d. 1968)
• August 6 – Wallace H. White, Jr., U.S. Senator from Maine (d. 1952)
• August 7 – Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (d. 1949)
• August 16 – Roque Ruaño, Spanish priest, civil engineer (d. 1935)
• August 22 – Ananda Coomaraswamy, Ceylonese Tamil philosopher (d. 1947)
• August 26 – John Latham, Australian politician, judge (d. 1964)
• August 27
  • Lloyd C. Douglas, American minister, author (d. 1951)
  • Charles Rolls, Welsh co-founder of the Rolls-Royce car firm, pioneer aviator (d. 1910)
• August 29 – Dudley Pound, British admiral (d. 1943)
• September 1
  • Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
  • Rex Beach, American novelist, playwright, and Olympic water polo player (d. 1949)
• September 2 – Frederick Soddy, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1956)
• September 6 – Buddy Bolden, American jazz musician (d. 1931)
• September 14 – Leonhard Seppala, Norwegian-American sled dog breeder, trainer and musher (d. 1967)
• September 16 – Thomas Alan Goldsborough, American politician, member of the US House of Representatives from 1921 to 1939 and a United States district judge from 1939 to 1951 (d. 1951)
• September 25 – Plutarco Elías Calles, Mexican general and President of Mexico, 1924–1928; known as Jefe Maximo ("Maximum Boss") from 1928 to 1934 (d. 1945)^[58]
• September 26
  • Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist (d. 1962)
  • Edmund Gwenn, English actor (d. 1959)
  • Bertha De Vriese, Belgian physician (d. 1958)

• October 10 – William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield, British businessman, philanthropist (d. 1963)
• October 15 – Helen Ware, American stage, film actress (d. 1939)
• October 21 – Oswald Avery, Canadian-American physician, medical researcher (d. 1955)
• October 22 – Frederick Twort, English bacteriologist (d. 1950)
• October 29 – Narcisa de Leon, Filipino film producer (d. 1966)
• October 30 – Hugo Celmiņš, 2-time prime minister of Latvia (d. 1941)
• November 1 – Else Ury, German writer, children's book author (d. 1943)
• November 2 – Claire McDowell, American silent film actress (d. 1966)
• November 3 – Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, 2-time President of Chile (d. 1960)
• November 9
  • Enrico De Nicola, 1st President of Italy (d. 1959)
  • Muhammad Iqbal, Islamic philosopher and poet, one of the founding fathers of All-India Muslims League (d. 1938)
• November 15 – William Hope Hodgson, English author (d. 1918)
• November 17 – Frank Lahm, Brigadier General USAF, airship pilot, early military aviator trained by the Wright brothers (d. 1963)
• November 20 – Herbert Pitman, British mariner; 3rd Officer aboard RMS Titanic (d. 1961)
• November 22
  • Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (d. 1919)
  • Joan Gamper, Swiss-born businessman, founder of FC Barcelona (d. 1930)
• November 24 – Edward C. Kalbfus, American admiral (d. 1954)
• December 3 – Richard Pearse, New Zealand airplane pioneer (d. 1953)
• December 4 – Morris Alexander, South African politician (d. 1946)^[59]
• December 16 – Kichisaburō Nomura, Japanese admiral and diplomat (d. 1964)
• December 20 – Thomas Walter Swan, American jurist and judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1926 until 1975 (d. 1975)
• December 30 – Edward Ellington, British military officer; Marshal of the Royal Air Force (d. 1967)

• F. X. Gouraud, French physician and dietitian (d. 1913)
• Rashid Tali’a, Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1926)

1878

• January 2 – Jaakko Mäki, Finnish politician (d. 1938)^[60]
• January 4
  • A. E. Coppard, English short story writer and poet (d. 1957)
  • Augustus John, Welsh painter (d. 1961)
• January 6 – Carl Sandburg, American poet and historian (d. 1967)
• January 9 – John B. Watson, American psychologist (d. 1958)
• January 11
  • Theodoros Pangalos, Greek general, politician and President of Greece (d. 1952)
  • Leopoldo Saro, Spanish general (d. 1936)
• January 12 – Ferenc Molnár, Hungarian-born author (d. 1952)
• January 16 – Harry Carey, American actor (d. 1947)
• January 20 – Finlay Currie, Scottish actor (d. 1968)
• January 22 – Constance Collier, English stage, screen actress (d. 1955)
• January 23 – Rutland Boughton, English composer (d. 1960)
• January 25 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born American television pioneer (d. 1975)
• January 26
  • Luís of Orléans-Braganza, Brazilian royalty
  • Harry Rountree, New Zealand illustrator (d. 1950)

• February 1 – Milan Hodža, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d. 1944)
• February 2
  • Alfréd Hajós, Hungarian swimmer, architect (d. 1955)
  • Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn, American suffragist (d. 1951)
• February 3 – Gordon Coates, 21st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1943)
• February 4 – Grigory Petrovsky, Ukrainian Soviet politician and Old Bolshevik (d. 1958)
• February 5 – André Citroën, French automobile manufacturer (d. 1935)
• February 8 – Martin Buber, Austrian philosopher (d. 1965)
• February 14 – Kōki Hirota, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1948)
• February 16 – Big Jim Colosimo, Italian-born American gangster (d. 1920)
• February 18 – Kate Gordon Moore, American psychologist (d. 1963)
• February 21 – Mirra Alfassa, multi-origined spiritual leader and founder of Auroville, India (d. 1973)
• February 26 – Emmy Destinn, Czech soprano (d. 1930)
• February 28 – Pierre Fatou, French mathematician (d. 1929)

• March 3 – Edward Thomas, British poet (d. 1917)
• March 4
  • Egbert Van Alstyne, American songwriter, pianist (d. 1951)
  • Arishima Takeo, Japanese novelist, short-story writer and essayist (d. 1923)
• March 5 – P. D. Ouspensky, Russian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1947)
• March 7 – Boris Kustodiev, Soviet painter and designer (d. 1927)
• March 16
  • Reza Shah Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1944)
  • Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1946)
• March 20 – Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (d. 1927)
• March 22 – Michel Théato, Luxembourg athlete (d. 1923)
• March 23 – Franz Schreker, Austrian composer (d. 1934)
• March 25 – Frances Glessner Lee, American forensic scientist; known as "mother of forensic science" (d. 1962)
• March 26 – Henry Gullett, Australian politician (d. 1940)
• March 31 – Jack Johnson, American boxer (d. 1946)

• April 1 – C. Ganesha Iyer, Ceylon Tamil philologist (d. 1958)
• April 4 – Stylianos Lykoudis, Greek admiral (d. 1958)
• April 6
  • Erich Mühsam, German author (d. 1934)
  • Vicente Mejía Colindres, 23rd President of Honduras (d. 1966)
• April 24 – Jean Crotti, Swiss artist (d. 1958)
• April 28
  • Lionel Barrymore, American actor (d. 1954)
  • Willem Mengelberg, Dutch conductor (d. 1951)
• April 30 – Władysław Witwicki, Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (d. 1948)

• May 2 – Roy Atwell, American actor, comedian and composer (d. 1962)
• May 10 – Gustav Stresemann, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1929)
• May 13 – Julia Dean, American actress (d. 1952),
• May 16 – Taylor Holmes, American actor (d. 1959)
• May 17 – Conway Tearle, American actor (d. 1938)
• May 21 – Glenn Curtiss, American aviation pioneer (d. 1930)
• May 22 – The Great Gama, Punjabi wrestler (d. 1960)
• May 25 – Bill Robinson, African-American tap dancer (d. 1949)
• May 28 – Paul Pelliot, French sinologist (d. 1945)
• May 29 – Zelmira Segreda Solera de Cappella, Costa Rican soprano (d. 1923)

• June 1 – John Masefield, English poet, novelist (d. 1967)
• June 3 – Barney Oldfield, American automobile racer, pioneer (d. 1946)
• June 5 – Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1923)
• June 10 – William Skelly, American oil magnate (d. 1957)
• June 12 – James Oliver Curwood, American writer, conservationist (d. 1927)
• June 19 – Yakov Yurovsky, Russian Old Bolshevik, revolutionary, and Chekist (d.1938)
• June 22 – John Burton Cleland, Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (d. 1971)
• June 27 – He Xiangning, Chinese revolutionary, feminist, politician, painter and poet (d. 1972)

• July 3 – George M. Cohan, American singer, dancer, composer, actor and writer (d. 1942)
• July 8 – Jimmy Quinn, Scottish footballer (d. 1945)
• July 16 – Andreas Hermes, German agricultural scientist, politician (d. 1964)
• July 24 – Lord Dunsany, Irish author (d. 1957)

• August 1
  • Konstantinos Logothetopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1961)
  • José Pedro Montero, 27th President of Paraguay (d. 1927)
  • Eva Tanguay, Canadian-born vaudeville performer (d. 1947)
• August 2
  • Princess Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden (d. 1958)
  • Aino Kallas, Finnish-Estonian author (d. 1956)
• August 9 – Eileen Gray, Irish architect, furniture designer (d. 1976)
• August 10 – Alfred Döblin, German writer (d. 1957)
• August 15 – Paa Grant, Ghanaian politician (d. 1956)
• August 19 – Manuel L. Quezon, 2nd President of the Philippines (d. 1944)
• August 20 – Maria Assunta Pallotta, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (d. 1905)
• August 26 – Lina Stern, Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist (d. 1968)
• August 27 – Pyotr Wrangel, Russian general, anti-Bolshevik leader (d. 1928)
• August 28 – George Whipple, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
• August 31 – Frank Jarvis, American athlete (d. 1933)

• September 1 – Leonhard Kaupisch, German general (d. 1945)^[61]
• September 2 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (d. 1946)
• September 5 – Robert von Lieben, Austrian physicist (d. 1913)
• September 9
  • Sergio Osmeña, 4th President of the Philippines (d. 1961)
  • Princess Catherine Yurievskaya, daughter of Alexander II of Russia (d. 1959)
• September 13 – Matilde Moisant, American pilot (d. 1964)
• September 16 – Karl Albiker, German sculptor, lithographer and teacher (d. 1961)
• September 20 – Upton Sinclair, American writer (d. 1968)
• September 22 – Shigeru Yoshida, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1967)
• September 24 – Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz, Swiss writer (d. 1947)
• September 26 – Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord, German general and Commander-in-Chief of the Reichswehr (d. 1943)
• September 28 – Jirō Tamon, Japanese general (d. 1934)

• October 1 – Othmar Spann, Austrian philosopher, economist (d. 1950)
• October 5 – Louise Dresser, American actress (d. 1965)
• October 9 – Robert Warwick, American actor (d. 1964)
• October 11 – Nicole Girard-Mangin, French physician in the French Army (d. 1919)
• October 12 – Karl Buresch, 9th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1936)
• October 15 – Paul Reynaud, 77th Prime Minister of France (d. 1966)
• October 16 – Maxie Long, American athlete (d. 1959)
• October 18 – Miguel Llobet, Spanish guitarist (d. 1938)
• October 26 – William Kissam Vanderbilt II, American motor racing driver and yachtsman (d. 1944)
• October 29 – Alexander von Falkenhausen, German general (d. 1966)
• October 30 – Arthur Scherbius, German electrical engineer, mathematician, cryptanalyst and inventor (d. 1929)

• November 1 – Carlos Saavedra Lamas, Argentine politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1959)
• November 7
  • Lise Meitner, German-Austrian physicist, discoverer of nuclear fission (d. 1968)
  • Margaret Cousins, Irish-Indian educationist, suffragist and Theosophist (d. 1954)
  • Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz, Belarusian-born Orthodox rabbi (d. 1953)
• November 8 – Dorothea Bate, British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology (d. 1951)
• November 14
  • Inigo Campioni, Italian admiral (d. 1944)
  • Julie Manet, French painter (d. 1966)
  • Leopold Staff, Polish poet (d. 1957)
• November 17 – Grace Abbott, American social worker, activist (d. 1939)
• November 23
  • Ernest Joseph King, Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations (COMINCH-CNO) during World War II (d. 1956)
  • Frank Pick, British transport administrator, designer (d. 1941)
• November 27 – William Orpen, Irish artist (d. 1931)

• December 1 – Jeni Bojilova-Pateva, Bulgarian women's rights activist and suffragist (d. 1955)
• December 3 – Edith Vane-Tempest-Stewart, English noble (d. 1959)
• December 10 – C. Rajagopalachari, Indian politician, freedom fighter (d. 1972)
• December 18 – Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
• December 22 – Myer Prinstein, Polish-American athlete (d. 1925)^[62]
• December 25
  • Louis Chevrolet, Swiss-born race driver, automobile builder (d. 1941)
  • Joseph M. Schenck, Russian-born American film executive (d. 1961)
• December 28 – Nikolai Bryukhanov, Soviet statesman, political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (d. 1938)
• December 31
  • Elizabeth Arden, Canadian-born beautician, cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 1966)
  • Horacio Quiroga, Uruguayan writer (d. 1937)

1879

• January 1
  • E. M. Forster, English writer (d. 1970)
  • William Fox, Hungarian-American screenwriter and producer, founded the Fox Film Corporation and Fox Theatres (d. 1952)
• January 3 – Grace Coolidge, First Lady of the United States (d. 1957)
• January 12 – Calbraith Perry Rodgers, American pioneer aviator, makes first transcontinental U.S. flight (d. 1912)
• January 20 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer (d. 1968)
• January 28
  • Betty Kuuskemaa, Estonian actress (d. 1966)
  • Francis Picabia, French painter, poet (d. 1953)
• February 6 – Magnús Guðmundsson, 3rd prime minister of Iceland (d. 1937)
• February 13 – Sarojini Naidu, Indian independence activist and poet (d. 1949)
• February 20 – Hod Stuart, Canadian professional ice hockey player (d. 1907)
• February 22
  • Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted, Danish chemist (d. 1947)
  • Norman Lindsay, Australian painter (d. 1969)
• February 26 – Frank Bridge, English composer (d. 1941)
• March 6 – William P. Cronan, 19th Naval Governor of Guam (d. 1929)
• March 8 – Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
• March 13 – Alfredo Kindelán, Spanish general and politician (d. 1962)
• March 14 – Albert Einstein, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
• March 18 – Emma Carus, American opera singer (d. 1927)
• March 20 – Maud Menten, Canadian biochemist and medical researcher (d. 1960)
• March 26 – Othmar Ammann, Swiss-born American engineer (d. 1965)
• March 27
  • Sándor Garbai, Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1947)
  • Edward Steichen, Luxembourgeois-born American painter and photographer (d. 1973)

• April 1 – Mary J. L. Black, Canadian librarian and suffragist (d. 1939)
• April 9 – Thomas Meighan, American actor (d. 1936)
• April 11 – Bernhard Schmidt, German-Estonian optician, inventor (d. 1935)
• April 16 – Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (d. 1961)
• April 20
  • Italo Gariboldi, Italian general (d. 1970)
  • Robert Wilson Lynd, Irish essayist, writer (d. 1949)
  • Paul Poiret, French couturier (d. 1944)
• April 21
  • Kartini, Indonesian national heroine, women's rights activist (d. 1904)
  • Mary Willie Arvin, American nurse (d. 1947)
• April 26 – Owen Willans Richardson, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
• April 29 – Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (d. 1961)
• April 30 – Richárd Weisz, Hungarian Olympic champion wrestler (d. 1945)^[63]
• May 6 – Bedřich Hrozný, Czech orientalist, linguist (d. 1952)
• May 11 – Ahmad Nami, Prince of the Ottoman Empire, 5th Prime Minister of Syria and 2nd President of Syria (d. 1962)
• May 12
  • George Landenberger, United States Navy Captain and the 23rd Governor of American Samoa (d. 1936)
  • Georgia Ann Robinson, community worker, first African-American woman to be appointed a Los Angeles police officer (d. 1961)
• May 16 – Gustaf Aulén, Bishop of Strängnäs in the Church of Sweden (d. 1977)
• May 19
  • Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor, American-born British politician, wife of Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor (d. 1964)
  • Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, British businessman, politician, husband of Nancy Astor, Viscountess Astor (d. 1952)
• May 20 – Hans Meerwein, German chemist (d. 1965)
• May 22 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-born American stage, film actress (d. 1945)
• May 25 – Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, Canadian-born British statesman and newspaper publisher (d. 1964)
• May 27 – Lucile Watson, Canadian-born American film, stage actress (d. 1962)
• May 28 – Milutin Milanković, Serbian scientist (d. 1958)
• June 3 – Raymond Pearl, American biologist (d. 1940)
• June 4 – Mabel Lucie Attwell, British illustrator (d. 1964)
• June 9 – Joseph Avenol, 2nd Secretary General of the League of Nations (d. 1952)
• June 7 – Knud Rasmussen, Danish polar explorer, anthropologist (d. 1933)
• June 10 – Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1946)
• June 13
  • Charalambos Tseroulis, Greek general (d. 1929)
  • Lois Weber, American film director, screenwriter (d. 1939)
• June 23 – Huda Sha'arawi, Egyptian feminist (d. 1947)

• July 1 – Léon Jouhaux, French labour leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1954)
• July 5
  • Wanda Landowska, Polish harpsichordist, musicologist (d. 1959)
  • José Millán-Astray, Spanish general, founder of the Spanish Legion (d. 1954)
• July 9 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer, musicologist and conductor (d. 1936)
• July 15 – Joseph Campbell, Irish poet, lyricist (d. 1944)
• July 22 – Janusz Korczak (pen-name of Henryk Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician and child pedagogist (b. 1878 or 1879) (d. 1942)
• July 26 – Shunroku Hata, Japanese field marshal (d. 1962)
• July 28 – Lucy Burns, American women's rights campaigner (d. 1966)
• August 8
  • Hisaichi Terauchi, Japanese field marshal (d. 1946)
  • Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1919)
• August 13 – John Ireland, English composer and organist (d. 1962)
• August 15 – Ethel Barrymore, American film and stage actress (d. 1959)
• August 21 – Claude Grahame-White, British aviation pioneer (d. 1959)
• August 23 – Yevgenia Bosch, Ukrainian politician (d. 1925)
• August 30 – Fritzi Scheff, Viennese-born American actress and singer (d. 1954)
• August 31
  • Isidro Ayora, 22nd president of Ecuador (d. 1978)
  • Emperor Taishō, 123rd Emperor of Japan (d. 1926)
• September 6
  • Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936)
  • Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1956)
• September 7 – Francisco José of Bragança, exiled member of the Miguelist branch of the House of Bragança and officer in the Austro-Hungarian army (died 1919)
• September 14 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control advocate (d. 1966)^[64]
• September 15 – Joseph Lyons, 10th Prime Minister of Australia, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1939)
• September 20 – Victor Sjöström, Swedish film actor, director (d. 1960)
• September 25
  • Shinobu Ishihara, Japanese ophthalmologist and professor (d. 1963)
  • Lope K. Santos, Filipino writer and grammarian (d. 1963)
• September 27
  • Hans Hahn, Austrian mathematician (d. 1934)
  • Cyril Scott, English composer and writer (d. 1970)

• October 2 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955)
• October 3 – Warner Oland, Swedish-born American actor (d. 1938)
• October 5 – Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)
• October 9 – Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
• October 15 – Jane Darwell, American actress (d. 1967)
• October 18 – Giovanni Marinelli, Italian Fascist political leader (d. 1944)
• October 21
  • Joseph Canteloube, French composer, singer (d. 1957)
  • Eugene Burton Ely, American pioneer aviator (d. 1911)
• October 25 – Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (d. 1925)
• October 29 – Franz von Papen, German diplomat and politician; Chancellor (1932) and Vice-Chancellor (1933–34; under Adolf Hitler) (d. 1969)
• November 1 – Pál Teleki, 2-time prime minister of Hungary (d. 1941)
• November 4 – Will Rogers, Native American humorist (d. 1935)
• November 7 – Leon Trotsky, Russian revolutionary (d. 1940)
• November 9 – S. O. Davies, oldest post-war British MP (d. 1972)
• November 10
  • Vachel Lindsay, American poet (d. 1931)
  • Patrick Pearse, Irish rebel leader (d. 1916)
• November 15 – Lewis Stone, American stage, film actor, known for playing Judge Hardy (d. 1953)
• November 21 – Marie Köstler, Austrian nurse, trade unionist and politician (d. 1965)
• December 4 – Nagai Kafu, Japanese writer (d. 1959)
• December 5 – Clyde Cessna, American aviator, aircraft designer, manufacturer (d. 1954)
• December 10 – E. H. Shepard, English artist, book illustrator (d. 1976)
• December 12 – Laura Hope Crews, American film, stage actress (d. 1942)
• December 18 – Paul Klee, Swiss artist (d. 1940)
• December 20 – Ion G. Duca, 35th prime minister of Romania (d. 1933)
• December 27
  • Prudencia Grifell, Spanish-born Mexican actress (d. 1970)
  • Sydney Greenstreet, British-born American film, stage actor (d. 1954)
• December 28 – Billy Mitchell, U.S. general, military aviation pioneer (d. 1936)
• December 29 – Florence Mary Taylor, Australia's first female architect (d. 1969)
• December 30 – Ramana Maharshi, Indian sage, jivanmukta (d. 1950)

• Abdallah Beyhum, 10th prime minister of Lebanon (d. 1962)
• Ali Muhammad Shibli, Bengali revolutionary (d. unknown)^[65]

Deaths

1870

• January 20 – Sir George Seymour, British admiral of the fleet (b. 1787)
• January 25 – Victor de Broglie, Prime Minister of France (b. 1785)
• January 29 – Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
• February 7 – Sylvain Salnave, Haitian general, 9th President of Haiti (b. 1827)
• February 11 – Carlos Soublette, 2-time President of Venezuela (b. 1789)
• February 19 – Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (b. 1812)
• March 1 – Francisco Solano López, 2nd President of Paraguay (killed in action) (b. 1827)
• March 3 – Henry Light, third governor of British Guiana (b. 1783)
• March 4 – Thomas Scott, Canadian Orangeman, surveyor of the Red River Rebellion (shot by Louis Riel and the Métis) (b. c. 1842)
• March 11 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786?)
• March 28 – George Henry Thomas, American general (b. 1816)
• April 11 – Justo José de Urquiza, General, First constitutional President of Argentina (assassinated) (b. 1801)
• April 15 – Emma Willard, American women's rights activist (b. 1787)
• April 16 – Domnița Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (b. 1799)
• May 6 – Sir James Young Simpson, Scottish physician, researcher (b. 1811)
• June 6 – Ferdinand von Wrangel, Baltic-German explorer (b. 1796/1797)
• June 7 – Friedrich Hohe, German lithographer, painter (b. 1802)
• June 9 – Charles Dickens, British novelist (b. 1812)^[66]
• June 20 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer, publisher (b. 1830)^[67]
• June 23 – Mírzá Mihdí, youngest child of Baháʼí founder Baháʼu'lláh (b. 1848)
• June 27 – Cyrus Kingsbury, American missionary to Choctaw Indians (b. 1786)

• July 10 – Pelaghia Roșu, Romanian heroine (b. 1800)
• July 22 – Josef Strauss, Austrian composer (b. 1827)
• August 4 – Abel Douay, French general (killed in action) (b. 1809)
• August 14 – David Farragut, American admiral (b. 1801)
• August 17 – Pedro Figueredo, Cuban poet, musician and freedom fighter (b. 1818)
• September 4 – Juan Javier Espinosa, 9th President of Ecuador (b. 1815)
• September 23 – Prosper Mérimée, French writer (b. 1803)^[68]
• September 27 – William F. Packer, American politician (b. 1807)
• October 12
  • Stephen Greenleaf Bulfinch, American minister, hymn writer (b. 1809)
  • Robert E. Lee, Confederate general (b. 1807)
• November 3 – Diego Noboa, 4th President of Ecuador (b. 1789)
• November 23 – Giuseppina Bozzacchi, Milanese-born ballerina (b. 1853) (result of deprivation during Siege of Paris)
• November 24 – Comte de Lautréamont, French poet, writer (b. 1846)
• November 26 – Franz Graf von Wimpffen, Austrian general and admiral (b. 1797)
• November 28 – Frédéric Bazille, French painter (b. 1841)
• December 5
  • David G. Burnet, early politician within the Republic of Texas (b. 1788)
  • Alexandre Dumas, père, French author (b. 1802)^[69]
• December 9 – Patrick MacDowell, Northern Irish sculptor (b. 1799)
• December 27 – Juan Prim, Spanish general and prime minister (assassinated) (b. 1814)

1871

• January 8 – José Trinidad Cabañas, Honduran general, president and national hero (b. 1805)
• January 13 – Kawakami Gensai, Japanese swordsman of the Bakumatsu period (b. 1834)
• January 15 – Edward C. Delavan, American temperance movement leader (b. 1793)
• January 19 – Sir William Denison, Governor of New South Wales (b. 1804)
• January 21 – Jan Jacob Rochussen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1797)
• January 25 – Jeanne Villepreux-Power, French marine biologist (b. 1794)
• February 10 – Étienne Constantin de Gerlache, 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1785)
• February 12 – Alice Cary, American poet, sister of Phoebe Cary (b. 1820)
• February 20 – Paul Kane, Irish-born painter (b. 1810)
• February 22 – Sir Charles Shaw, British army officer and police commissioner (b. 1795)
• February 23 – Amanda Cajander, Finnish medical reformer (b. 1827)^[70]
• March – Emma Fürstenhoff, Swedish florist (b. 1802)
• March 18 – Augustus De Morgan, English professor of mathematics, mathematician (b. 1806)
• March 28 – Nora Hood, Aboriginal Australian religious figure (b. c. 1836)
• April 7
  • Prince Alexander John of Wales (b. April 6, prematurely)
  • Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, Austrian admiral (b. 1827)
• April 30 – Jane Clouson, teenaged British murder victim (b. 1854)
• May 11 – John Herschel, English astronomer (b. 1792)
• May 12 – Elzéar-Henri Juchereau Duchesnay, Canadian politician (b. 1809)
• May 18 – Constance Trotti, Belgian salonnière, culture patron (b. 1800)
• May 21 – Antonija Höffern, Slovene noblewoman and educator (b. 1803)^[71]
• May 23 – Jarosław Dąbrowski, Polish general (b. 1836)
• June 9 – Anna Atkins, British botanist (b. 1799)

• July 5 – Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso, Italian noble, patriot, writer and journalist (b. 1808)
• July 6 – Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright (b. 1847)
• July 15 – Tad Lincoln, youngest son of American President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1853)
• July 31 – Phoebe Cary, American poet, sister to Alice Cary (b. 1824)
• August 9 – John Paterson, politician in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly (b. 1831)
• September 16 – Jan Erazim Vocel, Czech poet, archaeologist, historian and cultural revivalist (b. 1803)
• September 20 – John Patteson, Anglican bishop, missionary (martyred) (b. 1827)
• September 21 – Charlotte Elliott, English hymnwriter (b. 1789)
• September 23 – Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian politician (b. 1786)
• October 4 – Sarel Cilliers, Voortrekker leader, preacher (b. 1801)
• October 7 – Sir John Burgoyne, British field marshal (b. 1782)
• October 11 – Joan Cornelis Reynst, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1798)
• October 16 – Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes, American missionary, journalist, translator (b. 1830)
• October 18 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician, inventor (b. 1791)
• October 29 – Andrea Debono, Maltese trader and explorer (b. 1821)^[72]
• November 2 – Athalia Schwartz, Danish writer, journalist and educator (b. 1821)
• November 22 – Oscar James Dunn, Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana (b. 1825)
• December 21 – Luise Aston, German author, feminist (b. 1814)
• December 28 – John Henry Pratt, English clergyman, mathematician (b. 1809)

1872

• January 7 – Big Jim Fisk, American financier (b. 1835)
• January 9 – Henry Halleck, American general (b. 1815)
• January 13 – William Scamp, English architect and engineer (b. 1801)^[73]
• January 21 – Franz Grillparzer, Austrian writer (b. 1791)
• February 4 – John L. Burns, American veteran of the War of 1812, civilian combatant for the Union Army during the American Civil War. (b. 1793)
• March or April – Mercator Cooper, American sea captain (b. 1803)
• March 8 – Priscilla Susan Bury, British botanist (b. 1799)
• March 11 – Emily Taylor, English schoolmistress (b. 1795)
• March 12 – Zeng Guofan (traditional Chinese: 曾國藩 ), Chinese official, military general and Confucian scholar (b. 1811)
• March 15 – Jonathan Letterman, American surgeon, "father" of battlefield medicine. (b. 1824)
• March 20 – William Wentworth, Australian explorer (b. 1790)
• April 1
  • Frederick Maurice, English theologian (b. 1805)
  • Hugo von Mohl, German botanist (b. 1805)
• April 2 – Samuel Morse, American inventor (b. 1791)
• April 16 – Adolf von Bonin, Prussian general (b. 1803)
• June 1 – James Gordon Bennett Sr., Scottish-American newspaper tycoon (b. 1795)^[74]
• June 4
  • Stanisław Moniuszko, Polish composer (b. 1819)
  • Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Dutch politician (b. 1798)
• June 20 – Élie Frédéric Forey, Marshal of France (b. 1804)

• July 15 – Mary Eliza Herbert, Canadian publisher and writer (b. 1829)
• July 18 – Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (1858-1872), of a heart attack (b. 1806)^[75]
• September 1 – Robert Gray, first Bishop of Cape Town (b. 1809)
• September 10 – Avram Iancu, Romanian Transylvanian insurgent (b. 1824)
• September 13 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• September 18 – Charles XV, King of Sweden and Norway (b. 1826)
• September 18 – Ana María Martínez de Nisser, Colombian heroine, writer (b. 1812)
• October 4 – Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (b. 1801)
• October 10 – William H. Seward, 24th United States Secretary of State (b. 1801)
• October 23 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811)
• October 25 – William F. Johnston, American politician (b. 1808)
• November 6 – George Meade, American Civil War general (b. 1815)
• November 23 – Sir John Bowring, British colonial administrator, 4th Governor of Hong Kong (b. 1792)
• November 28 – Mary Somerville, British mathematician (b. 1780)
• November 29 – Horace Greeley, American newspaper editor, Democratic presidential candidate (b. 1811)
• December 15 – Lady Beaconsfield, wife of Benjamin Disraeli (b. 1792)
• December 31 – Aleksis Kivi, Finnish national author (b. 1834)^[76]

1873

• January 9 – Napoleon III, last Emperor of the French (b. 1808)
• January 18 – Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton, English novelist (b. 1803)
• January 20 – Basil Moreau, French founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (b. 1799)
• January 23 – Ramalinga Swamigal, Hindu religious leader (b. 1823)
• January 26 – Empress Amélie, consort of Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1812)
• February 3 – Isaac Baker Brown, English gynaecologist, surgeon (b. 1811)
• February 7 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (b. 1814)^[77]
• February 18 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (executed) (b. 1837)
• February 23 – Jakob von Hartmann, Bavarian general (b. 1795)
• March 10 – John Torrey, American botanist (b. 1796)
• March 24 – Mary Ann Cotton, English serial killer (executed) (b. 1832)
• March 25 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (b. 1810)^[78]
• March 29 – Prince Unakan Ananta Norajaya Prince of Siam (b. 1856)
• March 31
  • Maria Magdalena Mathsdotter, Swedish Sámi educator (b. 1835)
  • Hugh Maxwell, American lawyer, politician (b. 1787)
• April 11
  • Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817)
  • Christopher Hansteen, Norwegian geophysicist (b. 1784)
• April 18 – Justus von Liebig, German chemist (b. 1803)
• April 27 – William Charles Macready, English actor (b. 1793)
• April 29 – Hortense Globensky-Prévost, Canadian heroine (b. 1804)
• May 1 – David Livingstone, Scottish explorer of Africa (b. 1813)
• May 5 – Jerónimo Carrión, 8th president of Ecuador (b. 1804)
• May 6 – José Antonio Páez, first president of Venezuela (b. 1790)
• May 7
  • Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1808)
  • John Stuart Mill, British philosopher (b. 1806)^[79]
• May 13 – Charles Lucy, English painter (b. 1814)^[80]
• May 15 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza, first ruler of Romania (b. 1820)
• May 20 – George-Étienne Cartier, Canadian statesman (b. 1814)
• May 22 – Alessandro Manzoni, Italian poet and novelist (b. 1785)^[81]
• May 29 – Édouard de Verneuil, French palaeontologist (b. 1805)
• May 30 – Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, Indian Muslim scholar (b. 1800)^[82]
• June 1 – Joseph Howe, Canadian politician (b. 1804)

• August 18 – Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1804)
• August 31 – Charles Ferdinand Pahud, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1803)
• September 8 – Johan Gabriel Ståhlberg, Finnish priest and father of K. J. Ståhlberg, the first President of Finland (b. 1832)^[83]
• September 11 – Agustín Fernando Muñoz, Duke of Riánsares, morganatic husband of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (b. 1808)
• September 17 – Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (b. 1781)
• September 22 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801)
• September 23 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823)
• September 28 – Émile Gaboriau, French writer (b. 1833)^[84]
• October 5 – William Todd, American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b. 1803)
• October 9 – George Ormerod, English historian, antiquarian (b. 1785)
• October 17 – Sir Robert McClure, British Arctic explorer (b. 1807)
• December 14
  • Louis Agassiz, Swiss-born geologist, naturalist (b. 1807)
  • Alexander Keith, Scottish-born brewer, mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia (b. 1795)

1874

• January 8 – Abbé Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer, historian (b. 1814)
• January 14 – Johann Philipp Reis, German scientist, inventor (b. 1834)
• January 17 – Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins, sideshow performers (b. 1811)
• January 19 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (b. 1798)
• January 28 – Ludwig von Gablenz, Austrian general (suicide) (b. 1814)
• February 3 – William Charles Lunalilo, last monarch of the House of Kamehameha (b. 1835)
• February 8 – David Friedrich Strauss, German theologian (b. 1808)
• February 24 – John Bachman, American Lutheran minister, social activist and naturalist (b. 1790)
• February 27 – Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Cuban revolutionary hero (b. 1819)
• March 8 – Millard Fillmore, 74, 13th President of the United States (b. 1800)
• March 10 – Moritz von Jacobi, German engineer, physicist (b. 1801)
• March 11 – Charles Sumner, American senator, civil rights activist (b. 1811)
• March 20 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810)
• March 30 – Carl Julian (von) Graba, German lawyer and ornithologist who visited the Faroe Islands (b. 1799)
• April 13 – Etō Shimpei, Japanese statesman (executed) (b. 1834)
• April 20 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (b. 1807)
• June 17 – Sir Stephen Glynne, British antiquary and politician (b. 1817)
• June 20 – John Ruggles, American politician (b. 1789)
• June 21 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1814)

• July 8 – Agnes Strickland, English popular historian (b. 1796)
• July 12 – Fritz Reuter, German novelist (b. 1810)
• July 24 – Gijsbert Haan, Dutch-American religious leader (b. 1801)
• August 14 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, African-American minister, politician (b. 1821)
• August 26 – Julie-Victoire Daubié, French journalist (b. 1824)
• August 27 – Ștefan Golescu, 8th prime minister of Romania (b. 1809)
• September 12 – François Guizot, Prime Minister of France (b. 1787)
• October 5 – Charles-Mathias Simons, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1802)
• October 6 – Samuel M. Kier, American oil magnate (b. 1813)
• October 23 – Abraham Geiger, German rabbi, a founder of European Reform Judaism (b. 1810)
• October 28 – William Henry Rinehart, American sculptor (b. 1825)
• November 17 – Francisco de Lersundi y Hormaechea, Spanish noble and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1817)
• November 18 – Sir Henry Prescott, British admiral and colonial administrator (b. 1783)
• November 29 – Ioan Manu, Russian politician (b. 1803)
• December 6 – John Boyle, British politician (b. 1803)
• December 7 – Constantin von Tischendorf, German Biblical scholar (b. 1815)
• December 22 – Johann Peter Pixis, German pianist, composer (b. 1788)
• December 24 – Anna McClarmonde Chase, American spy (b. 1809)

1875

• January 12 – Tongzhi Emperor, 8th emperor of Qing dynasty (b. 1856)
• January 20 – Jean-François Millet, French painter (b. 1814)
• January 23 – Charles Kingsley, English writer (b. 1819)
• February 5 – Birgitte Andersen, Danish actress and ballet dancer (b.1791)
• February 7 – Edmund Spangler, American stagehand at Ford's Theatre (b. 1825)
• February 22
  • Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter (b. 1796)
  • Sir Charles Lyell, Scottish geologist (b. 1797)^[85]
• March 1 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
• April 4 – Karl Mauch, German explorer (b. 1837)
• April 17 – Marija Milutinović Punktatorka, Serbian lawyer (b. 1810)
• April 25 – the 12th Dalai Lama (b. 1857)
• May 17 – John C. Breckinridge, 14th Vice President of the United States, Confederate States Secretary of War (b. 1821)
• May 20 – Amalia of Oldenburg, Greek queen (b. 1818)
• May 26 – Victoriano Sánchez Barcáiztegui, Spanish Navy officer and hero (killed in action) (b. 1826)^[86]
• May 31 – Eliphas Lévi, French occult author, magician (b. 1810)
• June 2 – Józef Kremer, Polish philosopher (b. 1806)
• June 3 – Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838)
• June 4 – Eduard Mörike, German poet (b. 1804)
• June 25 – Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (b. 1796)
• June 29 – Ferdinand I of Austria, Emperor of Austria (b. 1793)

• July 8 – Francis Preston Blair Jr., American politician, Civil War officer (b. 1821)
• July 29 – Paschal Beverly Randolph, American occultist (b. 1825)
• July 30 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)
• July 31 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President of the United States (b. 1808)
• August 4 – Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805)
• August 6 – Gabriel García Moreno, President of Ecuador (b. 1821)
• August 10 – Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808)
• August 11 – William Alexander Graham, United States Senator from North Carolina, (1840–1843), Confederate States Senator (1864–1865) (b. 1804)
• August 12 – János Kardos, Hungarian Slovenes evangelic priest, teacher and writer (b. 1801)
• August 16 – Prince Karl Theodor of Bavaria, Bavarian field marshal (b. 1795)
• August 17 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (b. 1827)
• August 25 – Charles Auguste Frossard, French general (b. 1807)
• August 27 – William Chapman Ralston, American banker and financier (b. 1826)
• September 12 – Chauncey Wright, American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1830)
• September 22 – Charles Bianconi, Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b. 1786)
• October 10 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1817)
• October 12 – Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor, painter (b. 1827)
• October 15 – Chief Lone Horn, Native American Chief (b. 1790)
• October 19 – Sir Charles Cowper, Australian politician, Premier of New South Wales (b. 1807)
• October 24 – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and publisher (b. 1800)
• November 14 – Werner Munzinger, Swiss adventurer (b. 1832)
• November 21 – Orris S. Ferry, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1823)
• November 22 – Henry Wilson, 18th Vice President of the United States (b. 1812)
• November 24 – William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American businessman (b. 1792)
• November 27 – Richard Christopher Carrington, English astronomer (b. 1826)
• November 29 – Maximilian Piotrowski, Polish painter, Kunstakademie Königsberg professor (b. 1813)
• December 13 – Théonie Rivière Mignot, American restaurateur and businesswoman (b. 1819)
• December 25 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1851)

1876

• January 2 – Meta Heusser-Schweizer, Swiss poet (b. 1797)
• January 10 – Gordon Granger, American General (b. 1822)
• January 15 – Eliza McCardle Johnson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1810)
• February 10 – Reverdy Johnson, American politician (b. 1796)
• February 18 – Charlotte Cushman, American actress (b. 1816)
• February 24 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, 2-time President of Liberia (b. 1809)
• March 29 – Karl Ferdinand Ranke, German educator (b. 1806)
• April 9 – Charles Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804)
• May 3 – Luis Francisco Benítez de Lugo y Benítez de Lugo (b. 1837)
• May 7 – William Buell Sprague, American clergyman, author (b. 1795)
• May 8 – Truganini, Tasmanian language=Aboriginal woman (b. c. 1812)
• May 24 – Henry Kingsley, English novelist (b. 1830)
• May 25 – Franz von John, Austrian general and politician (b. 1815)^[87]
• May 26 – František Palacký, Czech historian, politician (b. 1798)
• June 1 – Hristo Botev, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1848)
• June 4 – Abdülaziz, 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1830)
• June 6 – Auguste Casimir-Perier, French diplomat (b. 1811)
• June 7 – Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway (b. 1807)
• June 8 – George Sand, French writer (b. 1804)
• June 20 – John Neal, American writer, critic and women's rights activist (b. 1793)^[88]
• June 21 – Antonio López de Santa Anna, 11-time President of Mexico (b. 1794)^[89]
• June 25 – George Armstrong Custer, U.S. Army general (killed in action) (b. 1839)
• June 27 – Harriet Martineau, British social theorist, writer (b. 1802)

• July 1
  • Mikhail Bakunin, Russian revolutionary, anarchist (b. 1814)
  • Wilhelm von Ramming, Austrian general (b. 1815)
• July 15 – Juan Pablo Duarte, Dominican revolutionary and political activist.
• August 2 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter, entertainer (b. 1837)
• September 5 – Manuel Blanco Encalada, Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of Chile (b. 1790)
• September 7 – Nicolás Patiño Sosa, Venezuelan military man (b. 1825)
• September 10 – John Ireland Howe, American inventor (b. 1793)
• September 27 – Braxton Bragg, American Confederate Civil War general (b. 1817)
• October 1 – James Lick, American land baron (b. 1796)
• November 16 – Karl Ernst von Baer, Estonian-German scientist, explorer (b. 1792)
• November 18 – Narcisse Virgilio Díaz, French painter (b. 1807)
• December 29 – Titus Salt, English woollen manufacturer, philanthropist (b. 1803)
• December 31 – Catherine Labouré, French visionary, saint (b. 1806)