1911 (film)

The story follows key events of the 1911 Revolution, with a focus on Huang Xing and Sun Yat-sen. It begins with the Wuchang Uprising of 1911 and follows through historical events such as the Second Guangzhou Uprising on 27 April 1911, the deaths of the 72 martyrs, the election of Sun Yat-sen as the provisional president of the new Provisional Republic of China, the abdication of the last Qing dynasty emperor Puyi on 12 February 1912, and Yuan Shikai becoming the new provisional president in Beijing on 10 March 1912.

Production started on 29 September 2010 in Fuxin, Liaoning, where a camera rolling ceremony was held.^[3] After half a year of intense production, it wrapped up on 20 March 2011 in Sanya, Hainan.^[6] It is Taiwanese actor Winston Chao's fifth portrayal of Chinese nationalist Sun Yat-sen, after the films The Soong Sisters (1997) and Road to Dawn (2007), and the television series Sun Zhongshan (2001) and Tie jian dan daoyi (2009).^[7]

1911 was released on 23 September 2011 in China^{[citation needed]} and on 29 September 2011 in Hong Kong.^[1] It opened the 24th Tokyo International Film Festival on 22 October 2011.^[5] It was released in its original version in North American theatres on 7 October 2011.^{[citation needed]}

The film was unable to be released in Taiwan as it failed to meet the country's yearly 10-film quota on mainland China imports.^[8]

Box office

The film earned RMB18.1 million on its opening weekend in China.^[8] In Hong Kong, it earned only HK$1.0 million during its first six days in theaters.^[8]

1911 received generally negative reviews from Western film critics; it holds an 8% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.^[9] On Metacritic, which uses an average of critics' reviews, it holds 37 out of 100, based on 13 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable" reviews,^[10] e.g. on the Opionator.^[11]

Maggie Lee of The Hollywood Reporter largely criticized the film's "insipid, poorly structured screenplay", and wrote: "A mainland Chinese propaganda vehicle through and through, the film postulates history in such a scrappy, inaccessible manner that either as entertainment or education, it's a lost cause."^[12] Rachel Saltz of The New York Times described the film as "overly faithful" to being a commemorative work that honors the 1911 revolution, approaching the event "like a great, bloody historical pageant"; she concluded that despite its "excellent" cinematography and engaging early battle scenes, 1911 "remains a kind of lavishly illustrated history lesson."^[13] Stephen Cole of The Globe and Mail gave the film two out of four stars, criticizing its dour propagandistic depiction of the revolution, stating that "[Jackie] Chan’s film may be about a war and revolution staged in 1911, but it should feel like it was made in 2011. [...] If all his work was as solemn as 1911, he would never have made 100 movies."^[14]

Derek Elly of the now-defunct Film Business Asia gave 1911 a five out of ten, criticizing it overall as "routine" and "unengaging" with its actors' performances "lack[ing] any kind of spark", and unfavorably compared the film to The Founding of a Republic and The Founding of a Party. However, Elly considered the film's cinematography to be worthy of praise.^[15]

The Economist noted that while the film was endorsed by the Chinese government officials, ticket sales have been poor. It also noted that the film avoided sensitive topics, such as the reforms which led to the revolution.^[16]

Other screen works about the 1911 Revolution:

• Towards the Republic, a 2003 television series
• 1911 Revolution, a 2011 television series
• 72 Heroes, a 2011 film