1952 Pacific typhoon season
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The 1952 Pacific typhoon season had no official bounds, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
(record latest)
(1-minute sustained)
| 1952 Pacific typhoon season | |
|---|---|
Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | May 5, 1952 |
| Last system dissipated | January 4, 1953 (record latest) |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Wilma |
| • Maximum winds | 295 km/h (185 mph) (1-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 893 hPa (mbar) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total storms | 29 |
| Typhoons | 20 |
| Super typhoons | 6 (unofficial) |
| Total fatalities | 1,070 |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1952 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Fleet Weather Center on Guam.
Season summary
Systems
Typhoon Charlotte
Typhoon Charlotte formed on June 10, near the Philippines. It then strengthened and made landfall as a minimal typhoon near Hong Kong before dissipating on June 15.
Typhoon Dinah
On June 23, Dinah struck to the west of the Kanto Region in Japan. 65 people were killed and 70 were missing.[1]
Typhoon Emma
Typhoon Emma hit the Philippines and South China, especially Hainan Island.
Tropical Storm Freda
Freda weakened to a tropical depression before hitting Kyushu.
Tropical Storm Gilda
Tropical Storm Gilda hit China as a tropical storm.
Typhoon Harriet
Harriet hit China as a Category 3 typhoon, with winds of 115 mph (185 km/h).
Tropical Storm Ivy
Ivy stayed out at sea, causing no damage.
Tropical Storm Jeanne
Jeanne was a tropical storm that existed from August 4 to August 7.
Typhoon Karen
Typhoon Karen struck land, mostly Korea and Japan.
Typhoon Lois
Lois formed east of the Philippines on August 22. It moved northwestward, and hit Luzon as a tropical storm. As it entered the South China Sea, Lois intensified into a category 1 typhoon. It hit China and Vietnam before dissipating on August 30.
Typhoon Mary
Mary hit the Philippines as a category 1 typhoon and later hit China and Korea as a tropical storm.
Typhoon Nona
Nona formed on September 2. It hit the Philippines and China as a category 1 typhoon and hit Vietnam as a tropical strom before dissipating inland on September 8.
Tropical Storm 12W
12W was a weak tropical storm that hit China.
Typhoon Olive
On September 8, an area of disturbed weather, located near 12.0°N 169.0°W, was plotted as a tropical wave on surface weather maps. Operationally, however, the system was not classified as a tropical storm until September 15;[2] postseason analysis determined that the system acquired tropical storm intensity at 00:00 UTC on September 15.[3] Tropical Storm Olive, moving west-northwest near 10 mph (16 km/h), turned toward Wake Island on September 15. Around 18:00 UTC Olive was upgraded to a typhoon, with winds of 75 mph (121 km/h). Continuing to intensify, Olive passed near Wake Island, where maximum sustained winds of 127 mph (204 km/h) were recorded. Around this time, reconnaissance aircraft reported a minimum central pressure of 945 mbar (hPa; 27.91 inHg).[2][3] On September 16, Olive intensified from a Category 2 to a Category 4 typhoon, attained the equivalence of super typhoon intensity, and strengthened to a peak intensity of 185 mph (298 km/h) the following day far from land. On September 18, Olive weakened from a Category 5 to a Category 2 typhoon and recurved northeast. On September 19, the cyclone lost typhoon intensity. Tropical Storm Olive transitioned into an extratropical cyclone and was last monitored on September 21.[3]
On Wake Island, 750 people sheltered in World War II military bunkers.[4][5] Olive, the second typhoon to affect the island since 1935, produced sustained wind speeds of 120 mph (190 km/h) and peak gusts of 142 mph (229 km/h) on the island. Significant flooding was also recorded.[2] Damage was severe; it is estimated that 85% of the island's structures were demolished due to the storm.[6] All of the homes and the island's hotel were destroyed. Additionally, the island's chapel and quonset huts were destroyed.[5][6] The island's LORAN station, operated by the United States Coast Guard, was also destroyed.[7] On September 18, water and power services were restored.[8] The facilities on the island were fully restored in 1953.[6] The total cost to repair damages caused by Olive amounted to $1.6 million (1952 USD; $13 million 2009 USD).[9] No fatalities occurred on the island, and four injuries were reported. None of the 230 Pan American World Airways employees received injuries.[5]
Tropical Storm 14W
14W hit Hainan, China as a tropical storm.
Typhoon Polly
Polly was a category 1 typhoon that didn't make landfall.
Typhoon Rose
Rose stayed out at sea.
Tropical Storm Shirley
Shirley tracked through Vietnam. Shirley weakened to a tropical depression before hitting Vietnam.
Typhoon Trix
Typhoon Trix formed near Micronesia on October 15, 1952, tracking southwest. It intensified rapidly, becoming a tropical storm on October 16 and a typhoon shortly after. Trix reached peak intensity as a Category 4 super typhoon with winds of 220 km/h (135 mph) and a central pressure of 965 hPa on October 20, while approaching the Philippines. Weakening slightly, Trix made landfall in the Bicol Region on October 21, traversing the central Philippines. It emerged into the South China Sea, briefly re-intensifying to Category 4 strength before weakening again. Trix made final landfall near Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam, as a tropical storm on October 25. The JMA ceased advisories inland, while the JTWC tracked its remnants into Thailand.
Trix caused catastrophic damage, killing over 1,400 people (995 in the Philippines, at least 405 in Indochina). In the Philippines, it devastated southern Luzon (especially Legazpi and Tabaco), Samar, Leyte, and the Bicol region. Winds reached 215 km/h, leveling tens of thousands of homes (30% damaged overall), destroying crops (including half of Leyte's rice), and causing widespread flooding. Damage was estimated at $60 million, leaving 500,000 homeless. Recovery efforts were hampered by communication failures and soggy airfields. In Vietnam, a tornado near Ho Chi Minh City killed 10, and a French aircraft crashed. It was called the "worst typhoon within living memory" in the Philippines.
Typhoon Vae
Typhoon Vae originated as a low-pressure area in the western Philippine Sea on October 15. Initially classified as a tropical disturbance, it tracked steadily westward over the next two days, intensifying into a tropical depression by October 17 near the Philippines. Vae reached tropical storm status later that day and intensified into a Category 1 typhoon by October 20, with peak sustained winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 975 hPa. The storm maintained this strength while approaching the Vietnamese coast. On October 20, Vae made landfall in southern Vietnam as a tropical storm. After landfall, Vae rapidly weakened and degenerated into a tropical depression by October 21. The remnant system continued westward across Cambodia and Thailand, emerging into the North Indian Ocean near the Andaman Sea before fully dissipating on October 24.
Typhoon Wilma
Typhoon Wilma was a powerful typhoon, reaching Category 5 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS). The storm formed on October 21. Over the next few days, it moved west and reached peak intensity before making landfall in the Philippines. The storm moved into the South China Sea and made landfall in Vietnam as a tropical storm, and dissipated on October 31.
Typhoon Agnes
Typhoon Agnes was a strong Category 5 that stayed out to sea without causing much impact to land.
Typhoon Bess
Bess affected China as a Category 3 typhoon.
Typhoon Carmen
Carmen was a Category 3 typhoon that didn't make landfall.
Typhoon Della
Della impacted the Philippines as a Category 5 super typhoon.
Typhoon Elaine
Elaine was a weak tropical storm that stayed in the sea.
Typhoon Faye
Faye hit the Philippines as a tropical depression. It intensified into a tropical storm in the South China Sea before dissipating.
Typhoon Gloria
Gloria formed southeast of Guam on December 16. It drifted west, slowly intensifying. The storm hit Philippines as a tropical storm. As Gloria entered the South China Sea, it rapidly intensified into a category 4 super typhoon with winds of 240 km/h. It hit Vietnam and dissipated on December 25.
Typhoon Hester
Hester was first observed on December 27, south of Ebeye, which intensified into a typhoon by the next day. The storm began to rapidly intensify, as it moved a short distance north of the Caroline Islands. At 0000 UTC of December 30, Hester became a Category 5 typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. On the next day, it attained winds of 185 mph (295 km/h) as it began to turn northwest. On New Year's Day, the JMA recorded Hester's lowest pressure of 905 hPa (26.7 inHg). Hester began to weaken later that day, and soon recurved to the northeast. Hester fell to tropical storm status by January 4, and became extratropical a day later. At 0600 UTC of January 6, JMA stopped tracking the cyclone northeast of Wake Island.[3][10][11]
The northwest quadrant of Hester passed over Enewetak. The United States Navy estimated that Hester generated winds around 70 mph (110 km/h), and generated waves up to 30 feet (9.1 m) high on Enewetak. The island was mostly underwater when the storm passed it. The hospital, mess halls, and clubs were damaged by the winds. Tents on the island were also destroyed.[12] A Coast Guard LORAN station on the island suffered extensive damage.[13] Overall, eighteen people were injured on Enewetak.[14] The nearby atoll of Ujelang, received stronger winds than Enewetak, as it was closer to the center of Hester.[12] In Guam, underground shelters were open to residents, and hospitals were evacuated by December 31. All government offices and businesses were closed on the island. Roadblocks were placed by the police to keep vehicles off the road. A gale alert was issued for the Mariana Islands.[15] On Guam, storm surge reached 200 feet (61 m) inland, to about 10 feet (3.0 m) above sea level.[16] The only damage reported were crops being lashed by the waves on the south side of the island,[13] and a new section of highway near Ylig River was washed away. Two shore wave recorders installed by the University of California, Berkeley, located in Tarague Beach and Ylig River, were destroyed.[16]
Storm names
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See also
- 1952 Pacific hurricane season
- 1952 Atlantic hurricane season
- 1952 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 1951–52 1952–53
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1951–52 1952–53
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1951–52 1952–53
