1963 in Israel

• Prime Minister of Israel – David Ben-Gurion (Mapai) until 26 June, Levi Eshkol (Mapai)
• President of Israel – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi until 23 April, (Kadish Luz, acting president 23 April to 21 May), Zalman Shazar from 21 May
• President of the Supreme Court – Yitzhak Olshan
• Chief of General Staff – Tzvi Tzur
• Government of Israel – 10th Government of Israel until 26 June, 11th Government of Israel

• 23 April – President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi dies in office and Kadish Luz, Speaker of the Knesset, becomes acting President pending the election of a new President.
• 21 May – In the 1963 presidential election, the Knesset elects Zalman Shazar as President of Israel, by a majority of 67 to 33 votes caste in favour of his opponent, Peretz Bernstein. Shazar assumes office immediately as the third president of the State of Israel.
• 16 June – David Ben-Gurion resigns as prime minister for what he describes as personal reasons and chooses Levi Eshkol as his successor.
• 26 June – Levi Eshkol is elected Prime Minister of Israel. The 11th Government is approved that day and the members are sworn in.
• 5 July – Diplomatic relations between the Israeli and the Japanese governments are raised to embassy level.

The most prominent events related to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict which occurred during 1963 include:

Notable Palestinian militant operations against Israeli targets

The most prominent Palestinian fedayeen terror attacks committed against Israelis during 1963 include:

Notable Israeli military operations against Palestinian militancy targets
The most prominent Israeli military counter-terrorism operations (military campaigns and military operations) carried out against Palestinian militants during 1963 include:

• The re-establishment of the moshav Avivim.
• The founding of the kibbutz Grofit.