1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election

Split in Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam

The DMK gradually weakened in the years following the previous election due to several splits resulting from the exit of influential leaders, including M.G.R. The party's popularity was further undermined by widespread corruption allegations, which M.G.R highlighted, given his close relationship with the Indian National Congress (INC). Tensions within the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam began to surface before the 1971 election, but were put aside to win the elections in a standing record landslide margin.

K. A. Mathiazhagan was removed from his position as Minister of Finance, as he was seen as a significant threat to Karunanidhi's leadership. In 1972, influential Dalit leader Sathyavani Muthu left the party, citing a lack of concern for Dalit issues, and subsequently formed the Thazhthapattor Munnetra Kazhagam. Treasurer of the party M.G.R was expelled on 10 October 1972 following disciplinary action for his open criticisms of the party leadership regarding alleged corruption and authoritarian behavior. He then joined and lead the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK), which won the Dindigul by-election in 1973.^[1]

In March 1977, V. R. Nedunchezhiyan and several senior leaders also left the DMK to form the Makkal Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.^[2]

Emergency

Emergency, which was declared in June 1975 had a mixed reception in Tamil Nadu. Jayaprakash Narayan's opposition movement did not receive much support in Tamil Nadu due to his association with the DMK government, which had its own trouble due to accusations of corruption. K. Kamaraj did not come in support of Jayaprakash Narayan due to his association with DMK despite the fact he disapproved of Indira Gandhi's actions. DMK executive council called the Emergency unnecessary and undemocratic on 27 June and party leaders condemned it in several statewide meetings. Emergency regulations and censorship were not strictly enforced in Tamil Nadu unlike in other states. All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Communist Party of India continued to support Indira Gandhi. M. G. Ramachandran even visited Delhi to extend his support to Indira Gandhi. It was under these circumstances Karunanidhi's government was dismissed by the Government of India on 31 January 1976.^[1] ADMK (as the AIADMK was known at the time) General Secretary M. G. Ramachandran welcomed the dismissal of the DMK government, describing the Prime Minister Indira’s action as “courageous.” He stated that his party would support the Prime Minister in such measures to safeguard democracy and urged the Union government to appoint a commission of inquiry into the alleged corruption charges.^[3]

Death of Kamaraj and Rajaji

C. Rajagopalachari

1878–1972

K. Kamaraj

1903–1975

The sixth legislative assembly election was the first election to the body after the deaths of two of the most prominent Chief Ministers and political supremos of erstwhile Madras State, Rajaji (pictured left) and K. Kamaraj (right).

Kamaraj, leader of Indian National Congress (Organisation), who remarked in 1972, "Randu Katchigalum Orey Kuttaiyil Oorina Mattaigal (both parties, the DMK and the AIADMK, are like fronds dipped in the same bog or tarred by the same brush)."^[4] died in 1975. Indian National Congress (Indira) faction could not establish a foothold in Tamil Nadu until his death. After his death, Indian National Congress (Organisation) lost its identity as a party amid internal turmoil, and a large number of its members led by G. K. Moopanar merged with Indira Congress.^[5] The remaining chose not to join with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, but rather joined the Janata Party and later remained largely uncommitted.^[6] Swatantra Party lost much of its power after the death of C. Rajagopalachari in 1972 and did not contest the election. Most of its members joined the newly formed Janata Party.^[7]

Coalitions

This election was a four cornered contest. The AIADMK allied itself with the Communist Party of India (Marxist), while INC(I) and Communist Party of India (CPI) contested as allies. The DMK and Janata Party (JNP) contested the elections alone. The previously held 1977 Lok sabha election results in march, in which Communist Party of India (Marxist) failed to win a seat, strained its ties with DMK, following which MGR swiftly initiated talks that led to an alliance between the CPI(M) and AIADMK.^[8] The AIADMK did not field any candidate in the Usilampatti Constituency in support of the Forward Bloc leader P.K. Mookiah Thevar. Similarly the AIADMK also supported the Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) candidate M. Abdul Latheef in the Vaniyambadi Constituency. In the parliamentary elections that occurred just three months prior to this elections, there had been two major alliances – the AIADMK led AIADMK-INC-CPI coalition and the DMK led DMK-NCO-JNP-CPM coalition. But in the months that followed the parliamentary election, these coalitions fell apart.^[9]

During this election, a symbol allotment error in the Dharapuram Assembly constituency resulted in the “Two Leaves” symbol of the AIADMK being allotted by the Election Commission of India to an independent rebel candidate Ayyachamy who had earlier been announced by the party but later withdrawn. Despite an appeal from MGR to support his revised nominee Alangiyam A. K. Balakrishnan contesting under the “Lion” symbol, voters elected the independent candidate, highlighting the symbol’s popularity.^[10]

At the last minute, DMK president Karunanidhi announced his willingness to reach an understanding with the Janata Party and the Congress to oppose MGR in Aruppukkottai Assembly constituency by withdrawing his party’s candidate in favour of a winnable nominee, but the arrangement did not materialise, as Janata leader P. Ramachandran declined to comment and Congress state president G. K. Moopanar rejected the proposal.^[11]

Results by Pre-Poll Alliance

More information Alliance/Party, Seats won ...

Summary of the 1977 June Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election results

Alliance/Party		Seats won	Change	Popular Vote	Vote %	Adj. %‡
AIADMK+ alliance		144	+142	5,734,692	33.5%
AIADMK		130	+120	5,194,876	30.4%	35.4%
CPI(M)		12	+12	477,835	2.8%	33.0%
FBL		1	–	35,361	0.2%	62.0%
IND		1	–	26,620	0.2%	42.9%
DMK		48	-136	4,258,771	24.9%
DMK		48	-136	4,258,771	24.9%	25.3%
Congress alliance		32	+24	3,491,490	20.4%
INC		27	+27	2,994,535	17.5%	20.8%
CPI		5	-3	496,955	2.9%	20.4%
Janata		10	+10	2,851,884	16.7%
JNP		10	+10	2,851,884	16.7%	16.8%
Others		0	-8	751,712	4.4%
IND		0	-8	751,712	4.4%	–
Total		234	–	17,108,146	100%	–

Close

Result Analysis

On 14 June 1977, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) began leading early and secured victories from the commencement of vote counting. In most constituencies, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and the Indian National Congress finished in second and third places respectively, while the ruling Janata Party at the Centre largely trailed in last place. The DMK registered significant victories only in its strongholds Madras city (now Chennai) and the then undivided Thanjavur district. In Madras, the party won 13 constituencies, with the exception of the Radhakrishnan Nagar (R.K. Nagar) seat, where AIADMK candidate and actor Isari Velan defeated Congress's T. N. Anandanayaki. However, the DMK failed to secure a single seat in the districts of Salem, Dharmapuri, Pudukottai, Madurai, Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari.^[13]

Results by district

By Region

By constituency

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