1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake

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UTCtime1978-01-14 03:24:39

Localdate14 January 1978 (1978-01-14)

1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake

UTC time	1978-01-14 03:24:39
ISC event	687650
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	14 January 1978 (1978-01-14)
Local time	12:24:39
Magnitude	6.6 M_s 7.0 M_JMA
Depth	14 km (9 mi)
Epicenter	34°38′N 130°18′E / 34.64°N 130.3°E / 34.64; 130.3
Fault	Inatori Fault^[1]
Areas affected	Japan, Shizuoka Prefecture
Max. intensity	JMA 6+^[1]
Tsunami	Minor non-destructive tsunami which was tens of cm tall^[2]
Aftershocks	Yes, largest is M_s 5.7^[3]
Casualties	25 dead, 129 injured, 4 missing^[4]

The 1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake (Japanese: 伊豆大島近海の地震^[5]) was a magnitude M_JMA7.0 earthquake that occurred on January 14, 1978, at 12:24:39 Japanese Standard Time.^[6]^[7]^[8] The epicenter was located offshore Izu Ōshima, Japan (north latitude 34°, 38' and longitude 130°, 18' east) in Sagami Bay at depth 14 km.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]The earthquake caused 25 casualties, 129 injuries, and damage to farms and infrastructure.^[11]^[13]

Landslides

The total damages from the earthquake and resulting landslides are as follows: 25 people were killed, 4 were reported missing, 129 were injured, 85 houses were completely destroyed, 544 were damaged, and approximately 18.77 ha of farmland was buried.^[14]^[13]^[15]^[11] The total cost of public damage was 31,251,129,000 yen or 173,620,000 USD.^[4] Additionally, infrastructure such as roads, railway lines, and port structures were damaged. Fault-like cracks and displacements appeared in the ground throughout the meizoseismal zone.^[1]^[11]^[4]

In the Mitaka-iriya and Nanamawari areas, the Izu Ōshima earthquake caused several landslides. The most severe landslide was located 4 km inland from the east coast of the Nanamawari village. The main shock caused approximately 300,000 m^3 of soil to slide down a 150 m tall mountain at 12 m/s and crushed 4 houses, 5 barns, 7 people, and 1 dog. The soil traveled across the small Tajiri river until it climbed 20 m up a neighboring mountain situated 150 m away.^[16]

Mochikoshi tailings dam damage

The Mochikoshi Concentration Plant was constructed in the upper region of the Kano River. The purpose of this plant was to separate gold and silver from mined quartz vein ore. The tailings dam was made up of three dikes which contained waste from mining and sorting operations.^[11] At the time of the earthquake, the dam contained around 480,000 m^3 of quartz veins deposits.^[8]

The earthquake's main shock liquefied the first dikes' tailings, destabilizing and rupturing the dike. As a result, the first dike released approximately 80,000 m^3 of its sodium cyanide containing contents.^[8]^[11] The first dike's materials permeated 7 to 8 km into the valley. The second dike failed 5 hours and 20 minutes after the largest aftershock. 3,000 m^3 of its contents traveled 150 m into a second valley. The third dike was not damaged in the earthquake.^[11]

References

1 2 3 "伊豆大島近海地震（1978年1月14日）｜災害カレンダー" (in Japanese). Yahoo天気・災害. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
↑ "Slope failures and tailings dam damage in the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake". Engineering Geology. 1 November 1980. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
↑ Visit to Japan to Observe Damage Which Occurred During the Near IZU Oshima Earthquakes, January 14 and 15, 1978. Defense Technical Information Center. 1979. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
1 2 3 "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: TOKKAIDO, OSHIMA". National Geophysical Data Center. 14 January 1978. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
↑ "気象庁 | 気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
↑ Sacks, I. Selwyn; Linde, Alan T.; Snoke, J. Arthur; Suyehiro, Shigeji (1981), "A Slow Earthquake Sequence Following the Izu-Oshima Earthquake of 1978", Earthquake Prediction, American Geophysical Union (AGU), pp. 617–628, doi:10.1029/me004p0617, ISBN 978-1-118-66574-9, retrieved 2 June 2021{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
↑ 1978年1月14日伊豆大島近海の地震調査報告 – 気象庁
1 2 3 Marcuson, W. F. M. (1979). Visit to Japan to Observe Damage which Occurred during the Near Izu Oshima Earthquakes January 14 and 15, 1978 (Miscellaneous Paper GL-79-20). Office, Chief of Engineers. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA075448.pdf
↑ Tsunomori, F.; Kuo, T. (1 January 2010). "A mechanism for radon decline prior to the 1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai earthquake in Japan". Radiation Measurements. 45 (1): 139–142. Bibcode:2010RadM...45..139T. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.08.003. ISSN 1350-4487.
↑ デジタル大辞泉,世界大百科事典内言及. "伊豆大島近海地震とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 June 2021.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Okusa, Shigeyasu; Anma, So (1 November 1980). "Slope failures and tailings dam damage in the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake". Engineering Geology. 16 (3): 195–224. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(80)90016-2. ISSN 0013-7952.
↑ "震度データベース検索". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
1 2 "NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 1 January 2026. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
↑ "地震防災ガイドブック" (PDF). 21 August 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
↑ 日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 – 日本地震学会
↑ Ishihara, Kenji; Nagao, Akira (1 March 1983). "Analysis of Landslides during the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai Earthquake". Soils and Foundations. 23 (1): 19–37. doi:10.3208/sandf1972.23.19. ISSN 0038-0806.

v t e ← Earthquakes in 1978 →
Izu Ōshima (7.0, January 14) Miyagi (7.7, June 12) Thessaloniki (6.2, June 20)† Santa Barbara (5.6, August 13) Tabas (7.8, Sep 16)†‡ Oaxaca (7.8, Nov 29)
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year

v t e Earthquakes in Japan
Historical	679 Tsukushi 684 Hakuho 869 Jōgan 1026 Manju 1096 Eicho 1293 Kamakura 1361 Shōhei 1498 Meiō 1586 Tenshō 1596 Fushimi 1605 Keichō 1611 Aizu 1611 Sanriku 1662 Kanbun 1662 Hyūga-nada 1677 Bōsō 1703 Genroku 1707 Hōei 1741 Kampo 1751 Takada 1771 Great Yaeyama 1792 Unzen 1804 Kisakata 1828 Sanjō 1833 Shōnai 1843 Tokachi 1847 Zenkoji 1854 Iga–Ueno 1854 Tōkai 1854 Nankai 1855 Edo 1858 Hietsu 1872 Hamada 1889 Kumamoto 1891 Mino–Owari 1894 Tokyo 1894 Shōnai 1896 Sanriku 1896 Rikuu
20th century	1909 Anegawa 1911 Kikai Island 1914 Senboku 1922 Shimabara 1923 Great Kantō 1925 North Tajima 1927 North Tango 1930 North Izu 1933 Sanriku 1936 Miyagi 1939 Oga 1940 Shakotan 1941 Hyūga-nada 1943 Tottori 1944 Tōnankai 1945 Mikawa 1946 Nankai 1948 Fukui 1952 Tokachi 1961 North Mino 1963 Kuril Islands 1964 Niigata 1968 Ebino 1968 Hyūga-nada 1968 Tokachi 1973 Nemuro Peninsula 1974 Izu Peninsula 1978 Izu Ōshima 1978 Miyagi 1982 Urakawa 1983 Sea of Japan 1984 Nagano 1993 Kushiro 1993 Okushiri 1994 offshore Sanriku 1995 Kobe 2000 Izu Islands 2000 Tottori
21st century	2001 Geiyo 2003 Miyagi 2003 Tokachi 2004 Chūetsu 2005 Fukuoka 2005 Miyagi 2006 Kuril Islands 2007 Chūetsu 2007 Kuril Islands 2007 Noto 2008 Iwate–Miyagi 2008 Iwate 2009 Shizuoka 2011 Tōhoku 2011 Nagano 2011 Shizuoka 2011 Miyagi 2011 Fukushima 2012 Chiba 2012 Sanriku 2014 Nagano 2015 Ogasawara 2016 Kumamoto 2016 Tottori 2016 Fukushima 2018 Osaka 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi 2019 Yamagata 2021 Fukushima 2021 Miyagi 2021 Chiba 2022 Fukushima 2023 Noto 2024 Noto 2024 Hyūga-nada 2025 Tokara 2025 Aomori
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