1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake
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| UTC time | 1978-01-14 03:24:39 |
|---|---|
| ISC event | 687650 |
| USGS-ANSS | ComCat |
| Local date | 14 January 1978 (1978-01-14) |
| Local time | 12:24:39 |
| Magnitude | 6.6 Ms 7.0 MJMA |
| Depth | 14 km (9 mi) |
| Epicenter | 34°38′N 130°18′E / 34.64°N 130.3°E / 34.64; 130.3 |
| Fault | Inatori Fault[1] |
| Areas affected | Japan, Shizuoka Prefecture |
| Max. intensity | JMA 6+[1] |
| Tsunami | Minor non-destructive tsunami which was tens of cm tall[2] |
| Aftershocks | Yes, largest is Ms 5.7[3] |
| Casualties | 25 dead, 129 injured, 4 missing[4] |
The 1978 Izu Ōshima earthquake (Japanese: 伊豆大島近海の地震[5]) was a magnitude MJMA7.0 earthquake that occurred on January 14, 1978, at 12:24:39 Japanese Standard Time.[6][7][8] The epicenter was located offshore Izu Ōshima, Japan (north latitude 34°, 38' and longitude 130°, 18' east) in Sagami Bay at depth 14 km.[9][10][11][12]The earthquake caused 25 casualties, 129 injuries, and damage to farms and infrastructure.[11][13]
Landslides
The total damages from the earthquake and resulting landslides are as follows: 25 people were killed, 4 were reported missing, 129 were injured, 85 houses were completely destroyed, 544 were damaged, and approximately 18.77 ha of farmland was buried.[14][13][15][11] The total cost of public damage was 31,251,129,000 yen or 173,620,000 USD.[4] Additionally, infrastructure such as roads, railway lines, and port structures were damaged. Fault-like cracks and displacements appeared in the ground throughout the meizoseismal zone.[1][11][4]
In the Mitaka-iriya and Nanamawari areas, the Izu Ōshima earthquake caused several landslides. The most severe landslide was located 4 km inland from the east coast of the Nanamawari village. The main shock caused approximately 300,000 m^3 of soil to slide down a 150 m tall mountain at 12 m/s and crushed 4 houses, 5 barns, 7 people, and 1 dog. The soil traveled across the small Tajiri river until it climbed 20 m up a neighboring mountain situated 150 m away.[16]
Mochikoshi tailings dam damage
The Mochikoshi Concentration Plant was constructed in the upper region of the Kano River. The purpose of this plant was to separate gold and silver from mined quartz vein ore. The tailings dam was made up of three dikes which contained waste from mining and sorting operations.[11] At the time of the earthquake, the dam contained around 480,000 m^3 of quartz veins deposits.[8]
The earthquake's main shock liquefied the first dikes' tailings, destabilizing and rupturing the dike. As a result, the first dike released approximately 80,000 m^3 of its sodium cyanide containing contents.[8][11] The first dike's materials permeated 7 to 8 km into the valley. The second dike failed 5 hours and 20 minutes after the largest aftershock. 3,000 m^3 of its contents traveled 150 m into a second valley. The third dike was not damaged in the earthquake.[11]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 "伊豆大島近海地震（1978年1月14日） ｜ 災害カレンダー" (in Japanese). Yahoo天気・災害. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ↑ "Slope failures and tailings dam damage in the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake". Engineering Geology. 1 November 1980. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
- ↑ Visit to Japan to Observe Damage Which Occurred During the Near IZU Oshima Earthquakes, January 14 and 15, 1978. Defense Technical Information Center. 1979. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
- 1 2 3 "Significant Earthquake: JAPAN: TOKKAIDO, OSHIMA". National Geophysical Data Center. 14 January 1978. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ↑ "気象庁 | 気象庁が名称を定めた気象・地震・火山現象一覧". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ↑ Sacks, I. Selwyn; Linde, Alan T.; Snoke, J. Arthur; Suyehiro, Shigeji (1981), "A Slow Earthquake Sequence Following the Izu-Oshima Earthquake of 1978", Earthquake Prediction, American Geophysical Union (AGU), pp. 617–628, doi:10.1029/me004p0617, ISBN 978-1-118-66574-9, retrieved 2 June 2021
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) - ↑ 1978年1月14日伊豆大島近海の地震調査報告 – 気象庁
- 1 2 3 Marcuson, W. F. M. (1979). Visit to Japan to Observe Damage which Occurred during the Near Izu Oshima Earthquakes January 14 and 15, 1978 (Miscellaneous Paper GL-79-20). Office, Chief of Engineers. https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA075448.pdf
- ↑ Tsunomori, F.; Kuo, T. (1 January 2010). "A mechanism for radon decline prior to the 1978 Izu-Oshima-Kinkai earthquake in Japan". Radiation Measurements. 45 (1): 139–142. Bibcode:2010RadM...45..139T. doi:10.1016/j.radmeas.2009.08.003. ISSN 1350-4487.
- ↑ デジタル大辞泉,世界大百科事典内言及. "伊豆大島近海地震とは". コトバンク (in Japanese). Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Okusa, Shigeyasu; Anma, So (1 November 1980). "Slope failures and tailings dam damage in the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai earthquake". Engineering Geology. 16 (3): 195–224. doi:10.1016/0013-7952(80)90016-2. ISSN 0013-7952.
- ↑ "震度データベース検索". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- 1 2 "NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 1 January 2026. Retrieved 21 March 2026.
- ↑ "地震防災ガイドブック" (PDF). 21 August 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
- ↑ 日本付近のおもな被害地震年代表 – 日本地震学会
- ↑ Ishihara, Kenji; Nagao, Akira (1 March 1983). "Analysis of Landslides during the 1978 Izu-Ohshima-Kinkai Earthquake". Soils and Foundations. 23 (1): 19–37. doi:10.3208/sandf1972.23.19. ISSN 0038-0806.
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† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year |
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