1991 Nobel Prizes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 1991 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.[1]
Prizes
Physics
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
(1932–2007) |
 French |
"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers" | [2] |
Chemistry
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Richard R. Ernst
(1933–2021) |
 Swiss |
"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy" | [3] |
Physiology or Medicine
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Erwin Neher
(b. 1944) |
 Germany |
"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells" | [4] |
 |
Bert Sakmann
(b. 1942) | |||
Literature
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.JPG) |
Nadine Gordimer
(1923–2014) |
 South Africa |
"who through her magnificent epic writing has – in the words of Alfred Nobel – been of very great benefit to humanity" | [5] |
Peace
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) |
Aung San Suu Kyi
(born 1945) |
 Myanmar |
"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights." | [6] |
Economic Sciences
| Awardee(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Ronald Coase
(1910–2013) |
 United Kingdom |
"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy" | [7] |