1992 Mongolian parliamentary election

According to the new Law on Elections, the 76 members of the State Great Khural were to be elected from multi-member constituencies organized 70 days before polling day. For the June 28 election, the country was divided into 26 electoral districts, which had a varying number of elected winners (2 to 4). With the addition of Article 35, Section 2 of the election law (which requires each voter to cast votes equal to the number of eligible seats in their district), the elections were to be conducted under a multi-member majoritarian system.^[7]

The new electoral law also stated that the election results of electoral districts that didn't meet the 50% turnout benchmark were to be invalidated, and any vacancy seats created in parliament would be filled by the next highest vote winner in the June election. Due to the lack of opposition organization and party structure, a delegation from the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) found that the MPRP was overwhelmingly favoured by the majoritarian system.^[7]

The new electoral law and implementation of a majoritarian system raised concerns within the Mongolian opposition.^[7] In reaction to the majoritarian systems, the main opposition parties (the MDP, the MNPP, and the MUP) announced an electoral coalition on 23 April 1992, when the three party chairmen signed an agreement.^[12]

For the 1992 parliamentary election, 293 candidates were registered by the newly established General Election Commission, of whom 18 were independents, and 275 were running from the following 8 political parties and 2 coalitions.^[16][17]

Polling was conducted during an ongoing economic crisis, marked by high inflation, unemployment, raw material scarcity, and food shortages. During the campaign, the three-party opposition coalition complained of its restricted access to the mass media compared to the MPRP and underlined the recently disastrous management that had led to economic disruptions.^[17]

The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party achieved a supermajority of 70 seats (92% of the total seats), despite receiving around 50% of the total constituency vote. The primary opposition coalition, between the Mongolian Democratic Party, the Mongolian National Progress Party, and the Mongolian United Party, won 4 seats in the State Great Khural. The Mongolian Social Democratic Party and an independent politician in Govi-Altai Province each won a single seat.^[17]

More information Party, Votes ...

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party	1,724,627	57.06	70	–273
	MDP–MNPP–MUP Alliance	528,456	17.48	4	–19
	Mongolian Social Democratic Party	304,578	10.08	1	–3
	Mongolian Renaissance Party	114,343	3.78	0	New
	Mongolian Party for Independence	63,744	2.11	0	New
	Mongolian Bourgeois Party	60,207	1.99	0	New
	Mongolian United Party of Herdsman and Farmers	56,085	1.86	0	New
	Mongolian United Party of Private Owners	42,863	1.42	0	New
	Mongolian Religious Democratic Party–Mongolian People's Party	23,974	0.79	0	New
	Mongolian Green Party	17,790	0.59	0	New
	Independents	85,674	2.83	1	–50
Total		3,022,341	100.00	76	–354
Valid votes		974,219	93.91
Invalid/blank votes		63,168	6.09
Total votes		1,037,387	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		1,085,099	95.60
Source: General Election Commission[16]

Close

The three parties of the Democratic Alliance, the MDP, the MNPP, and the MUP, announced their decision to unite into a single party shortly after the election results on 30 June 1992.^[18] The same day, during a joint nine-party opposition press conference, the parties highlighted vote splitting and different portions of representation, stating that the MPRP (with 90% parliamentary representation) received 50% of the total vote, while the other half was distributed among the many parties.^[7] The MDP, the MNPP, the MUP, and the Mongolian Renaissance Party, which ran independently, officially merged into the Mongolian National Democratic Party on 25 October 1992.^[12][19]

On 5 December 1993, the Mongolian Party for Independence, the Mongolian United Party of Herdsman and Farmers, and the Mongolian United Party of Private Owners merged to form the Mongolian Traditional United Party, a right-wing nationalist party.^[20]

Badamdorjiin Batkhishig, the deputy chairman of the MPRP's Central Committee, stated that the party was not celebrating its landslide victory due to Mongolia's dire economic situation.^[18] MPRP member of parliament-elect and economist, Puntsagiin Jasrai, was appointed as the next prime minister on 21 July 1992, during the plenary session of the State Great Khural.^[21] He formed an all-MPRP cabinet, which served its full four-year term.