1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas
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The 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas occurred on November 8, 1994, to elect the members of the state of Texas's delegation to the United States House of Representatives. Texas had thirty seats in the House, apportioned according to the 1990 United States census.
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November 8, 1994
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All 30 Texas seats to the United States House of Representatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In early 1994, several Republicans sued the state alleging that District 18 and District 29 were racially gerrymandered.[1] District 30 was later added to the case, and in August, a federal judicial panel ordered the state to redraw its congressional districts.[2] A separate panel later allowed the struck districts to be used for the 1994 elections, but it ordered the state to redraw its districts before the 1996 elections.[3] This decision was later appealed and became the Supreme Court case Bush v. Vera.[4]
These elections occurred simultaneously with the United States Senate elections of 1994, the United States House elections in other states, and various state and local elections.
Amidst the Republican Revolution, in which the Republican Party took control of the U.S. House for the first time since 1952, Republicans gained two seats in the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas and won the statewide popular vote, but Democrats maintained their majority of Texas seats due to redistricting.[5]
Overview
| 1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas[6] | ||||||
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| Party | Votes | Percentage | Seats before | Seats after | +/– | |
| Republican | 2,294,222 | 55.68% | 9 | 11 | +2 | |
| Democratic | 1,734,163 | 42.09% | 21 | 19 | -2 | |
| Libertarian | 35,889 | 0.87% | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Independent | 55,786 | 1.35% | 0 | 0 | - | |
| Totals | 4,120,060 | 100.00% | 30 | 30 | — | |
Congressional districts
District 1
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 County results Chapman: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% Blankenship: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Jim Chapman ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Jim Chapman (incumbent) | 86,480 | 55.30 | |
| Republican | Mike Blankenship | 63,911 | 40.87 | |
| Independent | Jefferson Mosser | 6,001 | 3.84 | |
| Total votes | 156,392 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 2
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 County results Wilson: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Peterson: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Charlie Wilson ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Charlie Wilson (incumbent) | 87,709 | 57.04 | |
| Republican | Donna Peterson | 66,071 | 42.96 | |
| Total votes | 153,780 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 3
Incumbent Republican Sam Johnson ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Sam Johnson (incumbent) | 157,011 | 90.96 | |
| Libertarian | Tom Donahue | 15,611 | 9.04 | |
| Total votes | 172,622 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 4
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 County results Hall: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Bridges: 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Ralph Hall ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Ralph M. Hall (incumbent) | 99,303 | 58.78 | |
| Republican | David Bridges | 67,267 | 39.82 | |
| Libertarian | Jefferson Mosser | 2,377 | 1.41 | |
| Total votes | 168,947 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 5
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 County results Bryant: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Sessions: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat John Wiley Bryant ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | John Wiley Bryant (incumbent) | 61,877 | 50.06 | |
| Republican | Pete Sessions | 58,521 | 47.34 | |
| Independent | Barbara Morgan | 1,715 | 1.39 | |
| Libertarian | Noel Kopala | 876 | 0.71 | |
| Independent | Regina Arashvand | 627 | 0.51 | |
| Total votes | 123,616 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 6
Incumbent Republican Joe Barton ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Joe Barton (incumbent) | 152,038 | 75.64 | |
| Democratic | Terry Jesmore | 44,286 | 22.03 | |
| Libertarian | Bill Baird | 4,688 | 2.33 | |
| Total votes | 201,012 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 7
Incumbent Republican Bill Archer ran for re-election unopposed.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Bill Archer (incumbent) | 116,873 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 116,873 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 8
Incumbent Republican Jack Fields ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Jack Fields (incumbent) | 148,473 | 92.05 | |
| Independent | Russ Klecka | 12,831 | 7.95 | |
| Total votes | 161,304 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 9
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 County results Stockman: 50–60% 60–70% Brooks: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Jack Brooks ran for re-election. Republican Steve Stockman, who had lost to Brooks in 1992, defeated the 42-year incumbent as suburban Republican voters came to increasingly dominate the district.[7]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Steve Stockman | 81,353 | 51.88 | |
| Democratic | Jack Brooks (incumbent) | 71,643 | 45.69 | |
| Independent | Bill Felton | 2,145 | 1.37 | |
| Libertarian | Darla Beenau | 1,656 | 1.06 | |
| Total votes | 156,797 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
District 10
Incumbent Democrat J. J. Pickle opted to retire rather than run for re-election.[8]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Lloyd Doggett | 113,738 | 56.31 | |
| Republican | Jo Baylor | 80,382 | 39.80 | |
| Libertarian | Jeff Hill | 2,953 | 1.46 | |
| Independent | Michael Brandes | 2,579 | 1.28 | |
| Independent | Jeff Davis | 2,334 | 1.16 | |
| Total votes | 201,986 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 11
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 County results Edwards: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Chet Edwards ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Chet Edwards (incumbent) | 76,667 | 59.18 | |
| Republican | Jim Broyles | 52,876 | 40.82 | |
| Total votes | 129,543 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 12
Incumbent Democrat Pete Geren ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Pete Geren (incumbent) | 96,372 | 68.67 | |
| Republican | Ernest Anderson | 43,959 | 31.33 | |
| Total votes | 140,331 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 13
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 County results Thornberry: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Sarpalius: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Bill Sarpalius ran for re-election, but was defeated by Mac Thornberry.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Mac Thornberry | 79,466 | 55.42 | |
| Democratic | Bill Sarpalius (incumbent) | 63,923 | 44.58 | |
| Total votes | 143,389 | 100.00 | ||
| Republican gain from Democratic | ||||
District 14
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 County results Laughlin: 50–60% 60–70% Deats: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Greg Laughlin ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Greg Laughlin (incumbent) | 86,175 | 55.61 | |
| Republican | Jim Deats | 68,793 | 44.39 | |
| Total votes | 154,968 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 15
Incumbent Democrat Kika de la Garza ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Kika de la Garza (incumbent) | 61,527 | 58.95 | |
| Republican | Tom Haughey | 41,119 | 39.40 | |
| Libertarian | John Hamilton | 1,720 | 1.65 | |
| Total votes | 104,366 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 16
Incumbent Democrat Ronald D. Coleman ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Ronald D. Coleman (incumbent) | 49,815 | 57.11 | |
| Republican | Bobby Ortiz | 37,409 | 42.89 | |
| Total votes | 87,224 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 17
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 County results Stenholm: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Boone: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Charles Stenholm ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Charles Stenholm (incumbent) | 83,497 | 53.66 | |
| Republican | Phil Boone | 72,108 | 46.34 | |
| Total votes | 155,605 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 18
Incumbent Democrat Craig Washington ran for re-election. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by Houston City Councilor Sheila Jackson Lee.[9][10]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Sheila Jackson Lee | 84,790 | 73.48 | |
| Republican | Jerry Burley | 28,153 | 24.40 | |
| Independent | J. Larry Snellings | 1,278 | 1.11 | |
| Libertarian | George Hollenbeck | 1,169 | 1.01 | |
| Total votes | 115,390 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 19
Incumbent Republican Larry Combest ran for re-election unopposed.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Larry Combest (incumbent) | 120,641 | 100.00 | |
| Total votes | 120,641 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 20
Incumbent Democrat Henry B. González ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Henry B. Gonzalez (incumbent) | 60,114 | 62.52 | |
| Republican | Carl Bill Colyer | 36,035 | 37.48 | |
| Total votes | 96,149 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 21
Incumbent Republican Lamar Smith ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Lamar Smith (incumbent) | 165,595 | 89.96 | |
| Independent | Kerry Lowry | 18,480 | 10.04 | |
| Total votes | 184,075 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 22
Incumbent Republican Tom DeLay ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Tom DeLay (incumbent) | 120,302 | 73.74 | |
| Democratic | Scott Douglas Cunningham | 38,826 | 23.80 | |
| Independent | Gregory Pepper | 4,016 | 2.46 | |
| Total votes | 163,144 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 23
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 County results Bonilla: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Rios: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Republican Henry Bonilla ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Henry Bonilla (incumbent) | 73,815 | 62.60 | |
| Democratic | Rolando Rios | 44,101 | 37.40 | |
| Total votes | 117,916 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 24
Incumbent Democrat Martin Frost ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Martin Frost (incumbent) | 65,019 | 52.83 | |
| Republican | Ed Harrison | 58,062 | 47.17 | |
| Total votes | 123,081 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 25
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 County results Bentsen: 40–50% 70–80% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Michael A. Andrews retired to run for U.S. senator.[11] Despite the national Republican wave, Democrat Ken Bentsen, the nephew of Treasury Secretary and former U.S. Senator Lloyd Bentsen, defeated businessman Gene Fontenot in the open race. The race was the most expensive U.S. House race in Texas history; Fontenot had outspent Bentsen four to one.[12]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Ken Bentsen | 61,959 | 52.27 | |
| Republican | Gene Fontenot | 53,321 | 44.99 | |
| Independent | Sarah Klein-Tower | 2,060 | 1.74 | |
| Libertarian | Robert Lockhart | 1,189 | 1.00 | |
| Total votes | 118,529 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 26
Incumbent Republican Dick Armey ran for re-election. He became the first Texas Republican to be elected majority leader of the U.S. House of Representatives.[5]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Republican | Dick Armey (incumbent) | 135,398 | 76.41 | |
| Democratic | LeEarl Ann Bryant | 39,763 | 22.44 | |
| Libertarian | Alfred Adask | 2,030 | 1.15 | |
| Total votes | 177,191 | 100 | ||
| Republican hold | ||||
District 27
Incumbent Democrat Solomon Ortiz ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Solomon Ortiz (incumbent) | 65,325 | 59.38 | |
| Republican | Erol Stone | 44,693 | 40.62 | |
| Total votes | 110,018 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 28
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 County results Tejeda: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% Slatter: 50–60% | |||||||||||||||||
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Incumbent Democrat Frank Tejeda ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Frank Tejeda (incumbent) | 73,986 | 70.88 | |
| Republican | David Slatter | 28,777 | 27.57 | |
| Libertarian | Steve Rothstein | 1,612 | 1.54 | |
| Total votes | 104,375 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 29
Incumbent Democrat Gene Green ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Gene Green (incumbent) | 44,102 | 73.44 | |
| Republican | Oilman Eide | 15,952 | 26.56 | |
| Total votes | 60,054 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||
District 30
Incumbent Democrat Eddie Bernice Johnson ran for re-election.
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
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| Democratic | Eddie Bernice Johnson (incumbent) | 73,166 | 72.63 | |
| Republican | Lucy Cain | 25,848 | 25.66 | |
| Libertarian | Ken Ashby | 1,728 | 1.72 | |
| Total votes | 100,742 | 100 | ||
| Democratic hold | ||||