1998 Portuguese regionalisation referendum
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A referendum on creating administrative regions was held in Portugal on 8 November 1998.[1] Two questions were put to voters, the first on implementing the regions, and the second specifically asked whether voters approved of the new region for their area. Both proposals were rejected by wide margins by voters.[2]
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8 November 1998
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Do you agree with implementing administrative regions? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Results | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Background
The creation of administrative regions in mainland Portugal was an electoral promise of the Socialist Party (PS) in the 1995 legislative election campaign.[3] By 1996, the newly elected leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, defended that regionalisation should be decided by a referendum, while Prime Minister António Guterres wasn't that supportive of the referendum idea.[4] A poll, in April 1996, showed that 53 percent of voters wanted a referendum, with support for regionalisation being 49 percent in favour and 29 percent against.[5]
In May 1996, a new administrative regions law, drafted by the PS and the Communist Party (PCP), was approved by Parliament, despite the boycott from PSD and People's Party (PP) members.[6] A year later, in March 1997, PS and PSD signed a Constitutional review in which a referendum would always have to be mandatory for the creation of administrative regions.[7] In the following year, 1998, Parliament voted on a proposed map to be put on referendum, with only PS and PCP presenting maps, while PSD and PP refused to enter in the debate. A consensus was reached between PS and PCP on the map, which proposed 8 administrative regions in mainland Portugal. A referendum was then called in September 1998 to be held on 8 November of the same year.[8]
Party positions
The major parties in Portugal at the time listed with their political positioning and their official answer to the referendum question:
- Left
- Portuguese Communist Party - YES
- Ecologist Party "The Greens" - YES
- Socialist Party - YES
- Right
- Social Democratic Party - NO
- People's Party - NO
Campaign
Issues
The Socialist Party campaigned strongly in favour of the YES vote, defending that regions would help to resolve territorial poverty in Portugal.[9] On the other side, the Social Democrats rejected the proposed map by calling for a NO vote, warning that regionalisation would raise taxes and would just create political jobs.[10]
Choices slogans
Results
| Question | For | Against | Invalid/ blank |
Total votes |
Registered voters |
Turnout | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||||||
| Do you agree with implementing administrative region?[2] | 1,453,749 | 36.48 | 2,530,802 | 63.52 | 172,976 | 4,157,527 | 8,640,026 | 48.12 | Rejected | ||
| Do you agree with concretely implementing the administrative region for the area where you live?[2][a] | 1,386,718 | 36.07 | 2,457,604 | 63.93 | 121,531 | 3,965,853 | 8,243,030 | 48.11 | Rejected | ||
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, STAPE | |||||||||||
| Question 1 results (excluding invalid votes) | |
|---|---|
| Yes 1,453,749 (36.5%) |
No 2,530,802 (63.5%) |
| ▲ 50% | |
| Question 2 results (excluding invalid votes) | |
|---|---|
| Yes 1,386,718 (36.1%) |
No 2,457,604 (63.9%) |
| ▲ 50% | |
Results by region
(Results for the second question by Region as proposed in the referendum.)
| Proposed region | No | Yes | Turnout | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
| Entre Douro e Minho | 660,792 | 59.59% | 448,164 | 40.41% | 49.74% | |
| Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro | 129,705 | 69.85% | 58,416 | 31.05% | 45.00% | |
| Beira Litoral | 433,463 | 77.16% | 128,338 | 22.84% | 49.56% | |
| Beira Interior | 134,725 | 76.58% | 41,206 | 23.42% | 53.00% | |
| Extremadura e Ribatejo | 272,553 | 76.24% | 84,928 | 23.76% | 50.66% | |
| Lisbon and Setúbal Region | 644,017 | 58.98% | 447,898 | 41.02% | 48.16% | |
| Alentejo | 107,655 | 49.31% | 110,657 | 50.69% | 49.39% | |
| Algarve | 66,430 | 50.95% | 63,942 | 49.05% | 44.52% | |
| Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições | ||||||
Aftermath
Following the referendum results, the Socialist Party (PS) conceded defeat, and Prime Minister António Guterres assumed full responsibility, abandoning the proposal to create administrative regions.[12] Since then, the proposal for a referendum on the introduction of regions has been suggested by several Socialist governments,[13] most recently by António Costa's government in 2023, but without success, given that the opposition of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) to a referendum and the idea of regions remains.[14][15]
Notes
- Question only given to registered citizens in Continental Portugal