2025 United States state legislative elections

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 2025 United States state legislative elections were held on November 4, 2025, for two state legislative chambers in two states. Across the fifty states, 3 percent of all lower house seats were up for election, with no upper house having regularly scheduled elections. These elections take place concurrently with several other state and local elections, including the 2025 gubernatorial elections.

Quick facts 2 legislative chambers 2 states, Majority party ...
2025 United States state legislative elections
← 2024
November 4, 2025
2026 →
2 legislative chambers
2 states
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Party Republican Democratic Coalition
Chambers before 57[a] 39[a] 2[b]
Chambers after 57 39 2
Overall change Steady Steady Steady
2025 United States state legislative elections#Alabama2025 United States state legislative elections#Florida2025 United States state legislative elections#Georgia2025 United States state legislative elections#Michigan2025 United States state legislative elections#Mississippi2025 United States state legislative elections#New Jersey2025 United States state legislative elections#Rhode Island2025 United States state legislative elections#Texas2025 United States state legislative elections#Washington
Map of upper house elections:
     Special elections held or to be held
     No regularly-scheduled elections
2025 New Jersey General Assembly election2025 Virginia House of Delegates election2025 United States state legislative elections#California2025 United States state legislative elections#Connecticut2025 United States state legislative elections#Florida2025 United States state legislative elections#Maine2025 United States state legislative elections#Massachusetts2025 United States state legislative elections#Minnesota2025 United States state legislative elections#Mississippi2025 United States state legislative elections#Missouri2025 United States state legislative elections#New Hampshire2025 United States state legislative elections#Oklahoma2025 United States state legislative elections#Pennsylvania2025 United States state legislative elections#South Carolina2025 Virginia House of Delegates election2025 United States state legislative elections#Washington
Map of lower house elections:
     Democratic hold
     Special elections held or to be held
     No regularly-scheduled elections
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Democrats expanded their majorities in the Virginia House of Delegates and the New Jersey General Assembly, gaining a supermajority in the latter, in the November general election. They also flipped seven legislative seats across the country in special elections throughout the year while generally outperforming districts' partisan lean in other races. Several other special elections determined partisan control of legislative chambers, though each party held their respective seats in these, resulting in no change of control. This is the first time that no state legislative chamber has changed partisan control since 2015.

Background

The 2025 state legislative elections were the first held during the second presidency of Donald Trump following his victory in the 2024 presidential election. Republicans had seen very modest coattails in the 2024 legislative elections, flipping a net of just over 50 seats from the Democrats and breaking Democratic trifectas in two states, but establishing no new trifectas of their own. Entering 2025, Republicans fully controlled 23 state governments, Democrats controlled 15, while 12 states were under split control. Only two states held regularly-scheduled legislative elections in 2025: New Jersey, which Democrats fully controlled, and Virginia, where Democrats controlled the legislature but not the governorship.[2]

Party switching

Total net change in legislative seats due to party switching in 2025

Seven incumbent state legislators switched political parties during 2025, four leaving the Democratic Party and three leaving the Republican Party. In March, Daniel Thatcher, a moderate Republican Utah Senator left the party and joined the Utah Forward Party.[3] Florida Senate Democratic leader Jason Pizzo announced he was leaving the Democratic Party to become an Independent in April 2025, citing the party's recent decline in power the state.[4] He later announced an Independent run for governor of Florida.[5] In May, Robin L. Webb, the last remaining rural Democratic member of the Kentucky Senate, left the party and joined the Republican supermajority.[6] In June, Maine state senator Rick Bennett left the Republican Party and became an Independent, while simultaneously announcing a bid for governor of the state.[7] In August, Maine state representative W. Edward Crockett left the Democratic Party and became an Independent for the same reason.[8] In September, Republican Oregon State Representative Cyrus Javadi switched political parties and joined the Democratic supermajority.[9] Later in September, South Dakota State Representative Peri Pourier left the Democratic Party and joined the Republican Party.[10]

More information State, Chamber ...
State Chamber District Legislator Old party New party Source
Florida Senate 37 Jason Pizzo Democratic Independent [4]
Kentucky Senate 18 Robin L. Webb Democratic Republican [6]
Maine Senate 18 Rick Bennett Republican Independent [7]
House 112 W. Edward Crockett Democratic Independent [11]
Oregon House 32 Cyrus Javadi Republican Democratic [9]
South Dakota House 27 Peri Pourier Democratic Republican [10]
Utah Senate 11 Daniel Thatcher Republican Forward [3]
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Issues

Affordability emerged as the defining issue of all the 2025 elections, beyond the state legislative level. While this worked in Republicans' favor in 2024, when Democrats held power, voters shifted their blame towards Republicans as the issue persisted amid Donald Trump's second term in office.[12] Democrats particularly homed in on the cost of electricity amid rate hikes tied to the construction of artificial intelligence data centers.[13][14] The election also took place during the 2025 government shutdown, caused by disagreements over federal healthcare subsidies, which particularly affected Virginia.[15]

Summary table

Regularly scheduled elections are to be held in two of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections are to be held for 180 of the 7,383 legislative seats. This table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections will take place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.

More information State, Lower house ...
State Lower house
Seats up Total % up Term
New Jersey 80 80 100 2
Virginia 100 100 100 2
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Election predictions

Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.

Most election predictors use:

  • "Tossup": No advantage
  • "Tilt": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "Lean": Slight advantage
  • "Likely": Significant, but surmountable, advantage
  • "Safe" or "Solid": Near-certain chance of victory
More information State, PVI ...
State PVI[16] Chamber Last
election		 State Navigate
October 1,
2025[17]		 Result
New Jersey D+4 General Assembly D 52–28 Safe D D 57–23
Virginia D+3 House of Delegates D 51–49 Safe D D 64–36
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National results

Democrats performed extremely well in the off-year elections, flipping 25 Republican-held legislative seats out of the 118 that were up, while losing none of their own. They gained 18 across the regularly-scheduled elections in Virginia and New Jersey and an additional 7 through special elections. These gains came amid electoral victories across the country, both at the statewide level and at the local level, for the Democratic Party. In contested special elections, Democrats performed 13 percentage points better on average than they did in the 2024 presidential election. No state legislative chambers changed partisan control, but Democrats gained a supermajority in the New Jersey General Assembly while breaking Republican supermajorities in the Mississippi Senate and Iowa Senate.[18]

Multiple sources have compared the results to those from the 2017 elections, where Democrats made gains in both regular and special elections as a precursor to the blue wave 2018 election.[18][19] These gains were attributed to the declining approval ratings of Republican President Donald Trump, as well as a focus on affordability.[20] Democrats are attempting to maintain this electoral momentum into the 2026 elections, where they are targeting control of state legislative chambers in battleground states across the country, as well as attempting to break Republican supermajorities in several other states.[18][21][22]

State summaries

New Jersey

Main article: 2025 New Jersey General Assembly election
General Assembly results

All of the seats of the New Jersey General Assembly were up for election in 2025. Democrats had controlled the chamber since the 2001 elections. Democrats gained a supermajority in the chamber, flipping five seats for their largest majority since 1973.[23]

More information Party, Leader ...
New Jersey General Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Craig Coughlin 52 57 Increase 5
Republican John DiMaio 28 23 Decrease 5
Total 80 80 Steady
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Virginia

Main article: 2025 Virginia House of Delegates election
House of Delegates results

All of the seats of the Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2025. Democrats had controlled the chamber since the 2023 elections. Democrats won in a landslide, gaining 13 seats, greatly expanding their majority, their largest since 1987.[23][24] The most immediate effect of this victory was the survival of Democratic plans to pass a constitutional amendment to allow them to redraw the state's congressional districts amidst a flurry of mid-decade redistricting across the country. The amendment needs to pass the legislature in two consecutive legislative sessions before being sent to voters.[25]

More information Party, Leader ...
Virginia House of Delegates
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Don Scott 51 64 Increase 13
Republican Terry Kilgore 49 36 Decrease 13
Total 100 100 Steady
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Special elections

Total net change in legislative seats due to special elections in 2025
  +1 Dem seat
  +2 Dem seats
  +3 Dem seats

There were 93 state, 1 territorial, and 1 informal legislative special elections held in 2025.[26] Four seats flipped parties in vacancy-related special elections: Georgia's 121st House District, Iowa's 1st and 35th Senate Districts, and Pennsylvania's 36th Senate District flipped from Republican to Democratic.[27][28][29] Special elections called due to court-ordered redistricting in Mississippi allowed Democrats to break the Republican supermajority in the Mississippi Senate as well, gaining two seats, and gain one seat in the Mississippi House of Representatives.[30] Many Democratic special election candidates have outperformed Kamala Harris' 2024 performance in their respective districts, often by 10 percentage points or more, but almost all featured turnout less than half of that of the 2024 election.[31]

Democrats have additionally maintained their narrow control of the Minnesota Senate, Pennsylvania House of Representatives, Virginia Senate, and Virginia House of Delegates, through special election victories, as well as reaffirming the tie in the Minnesota House of Representatives.[32][33][34] Their gains in the Iowa Senate and Mississippi Senate allowed them to break the Republican supermajorities in those chambers as well.[29][30]

Alabama

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 5 Greg Reed Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to join Governor Kay Ivey's administration.[35]
New member elected June 24, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Matt Woods (Republican) 86.0%
  • ▌Ryan Cagle (Democratic) 13.8%[36]
House 11 Randall Shedd Republican 2013 (special) Incumbent resigned February 17, 2025, to become director of constituent affairs for Senate President Pro Tempore Garlan Gudger.[37]
New member elected August 26, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 13 Matt Woods Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned June 27, 2025, to join the State Senate.[39]
New member elected September 30, 2025, after the general election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 12 Corey Harbison Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned April 16, 2025, to focus on time with his family.[41]
New member elected October 28, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Cindy Myrex (Republican) 87.1%
  • ▌Matthew Glover (Democratic) 12.8%[42]
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California

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Assembly 32 Vince Fong Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned May 24, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[c]
New member elected February 25, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Stan Ellis (Republican) 64.6%
  • ▌Chris Cruz-Boone (Democratic) 28.7%
  • ▌Holli Willibey (Republican) 4.4%
  • ▌William Brown (Libertarian) 2.3%[44]
Senate 36 Janet Nguyen Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned November 30, 2024, to join the Orange County Board of Supervisors.[45]
New member elected February 25, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Tony Strickland (Republican) 51.3%
  • ▌Jimmy Pham (Democratic) 27.7%
  • ▌Julie Diep (Democratic) 14.3%
  • ▌John Briscoe (Republican) 6.7%[46]
Assembly 63 Bill Essayli Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to become U.S. attorney for the Central District of California.[47]
New member elected August 26, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on June 24, 2025.
Republican hold.
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Connecticut

Main article: 2025 Connecticut elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 40 Christine Conley Democratic 2016 Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being nominated to the Workers' Compensation Commission.[49]
New member elected February 25, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Senate 21 Kevin C. Kelly Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned January 8, 2025, after being nominated to the Connecticut Superior Court.[51]
New member elected February 25, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 113 Jason Perillo Republican 2007
(special)		 Incumbent resigned February 28, 2025 to join the State Senate.[53]
New member elected April 22, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Amy Romano (Republican) 52.5%
  • ▌Michael Duncan (Democratic) 47.5%[54]
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Delaware

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 1 Sarah McBride Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned January 2, 2025, to become a U.S. representative.[55]
New member elected February 15, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Dan Cruce (Democratic) 77.1%
  • ▌Steve Washington (Republican) 20.9%
  • ▌Liv Figliola (Nonpartisan) 1.9%[56]
Senate 5 Kyle Evans Gay Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, to become Lieutenant Governor of Delaware.[55]
New member elected February 15, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 20 Stell Parker Selby Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned June 24, 2025, due to long-term absence following a stroke.[58]
New member elected August 5, 2025.
Democratic hold.
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Florida

Main article: 2025 Florida state legislative special elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 3 Joel Rudman Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to run for U.S. House.[60]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 32 Debbie Mayfield Republican 2024 Incumbent resigned June 9, 2025, to run for State Senate.[62]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Republican hold.
Senate 19 Randy Fine Republican 2024 Incumbent resigned March 31, 2025, to run for U.S. House.[64]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 40 LaVon Bracy Davis Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned September 1, 2025, to run for State Senate.[65]
New member elected September 2, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Senate 15 Geraldine Thompson Democratic 2022 Incumbent died February 13, 2025, after complications from knee surgery.[67]
New member elected September 2, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 90 Joseph Casello Democratic 2018 Incumbent died July 18, 2025, of a heart attack.[68]
New member elected December 9, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Rob Long (Democratic) 63.2%
  • ▌Maria Zack (Republican) 35.9%
  • ▌Karen Yeh (Independent) 1.0%[69]
Senate 11 Blaise Ingoglia Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned July 21, 2025, to become the Chief Financial Officer of Florida.[70]
New member elected December 9, 2025.
Republican hold.
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Georgia

Main article: 2025 Georgia state elections § State legislative special elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 21 Brandon Beach Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned May 6, 2025, to become Treasurer of the United States.[72]
New member elected September 23, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on August 26, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 106 Shelly Hutchinson Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned September 4, 2025, to take a caregiver role for an ailing family member.[74][75]
New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Akbar Ali (Democratic) 54.4%
  • ▌Marqus Cole (Democratic) 45.6%[76]
Senate 35 Jason Esteves Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned September 10, 2025, to focus on his run for governor.[77]
New member elected December 16, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 18, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 121 Marcus Wiedower Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned October 28, 2025, to focus on his employment.[79]
New member elected December 9, 2025.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Eric Gisler (Democratic) 50.9%
  • ▌Mack "Dutch" Guest IV (Republican) 49.1%[80]
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Iowa

Main article: 2025 Iowa elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 35 Chris Cournoyer Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned December 16, 2024, to become Lieutenant Governor of Iowa.[81]
New member elected January 28, 2025.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Mike Zimmer (Democratic) 51.7%
  • ▌Katie Whittington (Republican) 48.1%[82]
House 100 Martin Graber Republican 2020 Incumbent died January 31, 2025.[83]
New member elected March 11, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 78 Sami Scheetz Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned April 1, 2025, to join the Linn County Board of Supervisors.[85]
New member elected April 29, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Senate 1 Rocky De Witt Republican 2022 Incumbent died June 25, 2025, of pancreatic cancer.[87]
New member elected August 26, 2025.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Catelin Drey (Democratic) 55.2%
  • ▌Christopher Prosch (Republican) 44.7%[88]
House 7 Mike Sexton Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned September 19, 2025, after being appointed Iowa state director for USDA Rural Development.[89]
New member elected December 9, 2025.
Republican hold.
Senate 16 Claire Celsi Democratic 2018 Incumbent died October 6, 2025 while in hospice care.[91]
New member elected December 30, 2025.
Democratic hold.
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Kentucky

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 37 David Yates Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned October 8, 2025, to become Jefferson County Clerk.[93]
New member elected December 16, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Gary Clemons (Democratic) 72.6%
  • ▌Calvin Leach (Republican) 25.1%
  • ▌Wendy Higdon (Libertarian) 2.3%[94]
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Louisiana

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 14 Cleo Fields Democratic 2019 Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[95]
New member elected February 15, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Larry Selders (Democratic) 62.4%
  • ▌Carolyn Hill (Democratic) 20.4%
  • ▌Quentin Anderson (Democratic) 17.3%[96]
Senate 23 Jean-Paul Coussan Republican 2023 Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to join the Louisiana Public Service Commission.[97]
New member elected February 15, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 45 Brach Myers Republican 2023 Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025 to join the State Senate.[98]
New member elected outright after the May 3, 2025, special election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 67 Larry Selders Democratic 2019 Incumbent resigned March 11, 2025 to join the State Senate.[100]
New member elected May 3, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Terry Landry Jr. (Democratic) 51.8%
  • ▌Malcolm Myer (Democratic) 42.2%
  • ▌"Sonny" Marchbanks (Democratic) 6.0%[101]
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Maine

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 24 Joe Perry Democratic 2019
(special)		 Incumbent resigned December 4, 2024, to become the Maine State Treasurer.[102]
New member elected February 25, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

Massachusetts

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House Essex 6 Jerry Parisella Democratic 2010 Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a District Court judge.[104]
New member elected May 13, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House Bristol 3 Carol Doherty Democratic 2020
(special)		 Incumbent died February 15, 2025, of pancreatic cancer.[107]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

Minnesota

Main article: 2025 Minnesota elections § State legislative special elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 60 Kari Dziedzic DFL 2012
(special)		 Incumbent died December 27, 2024, of ovarian cancer.[110]
New member elected January 28, 2025.
Democratic (DFL) hold.
House 40B Jamie Becker-Finn DFL 2016 Incumbent's term expired January 14, 2025. Representative-elect Curtis Johnson was ruled ineligible to serve for violating Minnesota's residency requirement.[112]
New member elected March 11, 2025.[d]
Democratic (DFL) hold.
Senate 6 Justin Eichorn Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned March 20, 2025, after being arrested for soliciting a minor for sex.[115]
New member elected April 29, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 34B Melissa Hortman DFL 2004 Incumbent assassinated June 14, 2025.[117]
New member elected September 16, 2025.
Democratic (DFL) hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Xp Lee (DFL) 60.8%
  • ▌Ruth Bittner (Republican) 39.1%[118]
Senate 29 Bruce Anderson Republican 2012 Incumbent died July 21, 2025.[119]
New member elected November 4, 2025.
Republican hold.
Senate 47 Nicole Mitchell DFL 2022 Incumbent resigned July 25, 2025, after being convicted of burglary.[121]
New member elected November 4, 2025.
Democratic (DFL) hold.
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Mississippi

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 18 Jenifer Branning Republican 2015 Incumbent resigned January 6, 2025, to join the Mississippi Supreme Court.[122]
New member elected April 15, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Lane Taylor (Nonpartisan) 56.9%
  • ▌Mark Forsman (Nonpartisan) 26.1%
  • ▌Lindsey Kidd (Nonpartisan) 10.9%
  • ▌Ike Melton (Nonpartisan) 3.9%
  • ▌Marty Sistrunk (Nonpartisan) 2.1%[123]
House 23 Andy Stepp Republican 2023 Incumbent died December 5, 2024.[124]
New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 82 Charles Young Jr. Democratic 2011 Incumbent died December 19, 2024.[126]
New member elected April 22, 2025 after no one received over 50% of the vote on March 25, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 26 Orlando Paden Democratic 2015 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025 to become the Mayor of Clarksdale.[127]
New member elected November 4, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Otha Williams (Nonpartisan) 52.6%
  • ▌Kim Seals (Nonpartisan) 33.8%
  • ▌Mary Dear-Moton (Nonpartisan) 13.5%[128]
Senate 24 David Lee Jordan Democratic 1993 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025, to spend time with his family.[129]
New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Justin Pope (Nonpartisan) 54.0%
  • ▌Curressia Brown (Nonpartisan) 46.0%[130]
Senate 26 John Horhn Democratic 1992 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2025 to become the Mayor of Jackson.[131]
New member elected December 2, 2025, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 4, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

Redistricting elections

Main articles: 2025 Mississippi State Senate special election and 2025 Mississippi House of Representatives special election

Nine special elections for the Mississippi Senate and five special elections for the Mississippi House of Representatives were be held on November 4, 2025. These special elections were called as a result of redistricting mandated by a federal court designed to increase the number of majority-Black districts in both chambers to comply with the Voting Rights Act.[133][134] Democrats flipped a total of three seats, breaking the Republican supermajority in the state Senate.[135]

More information Party, Before ...
Mississippi State Senate
Party Before Up Won After Change
Republican 36 7 5 34 Decrease 2
Democratic 16 2 4 18 Increase 2
Total 52 9 9 52 Steady
Close
More information Party, Before ...
Mississippi House of Representatives
Party Before Up Won After Change
Republican 79 2 1 78 Decrease 1
Democratic 41 3 4 42 Increase 1
Independent 2 0 0 2 Steady
Total 122 5 5 122 Steady
Close

New Hampshire

Main article: 2025–2026 New Hampshire state legislative special elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House Strafford 12 Dawn Evans Democratic 2024 Representative-elect resigned December 2, 2024, after moving out of her district.[136]
New member elected June 24, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House Coos 5 Brian Valerino Republican 2024 Incumbent resigned June 19, 2025, after being appointed warden of the Northern New Hampshire Correctional Facility.[138]
New member elected November 4, 2025.
Republican hold.
Close

New Jersey

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 35 Nellie Pou Democratic 2011 Incumbent resigned January 3, 2025, to become a U.S. representative.[140]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[e]
Democratic hold.
Close

New York

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 22 Simcha Felder Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned April 9, 2025, to join the New York City Council.[144]
New member elected May 20, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Sam Sutton (Democratic) 66.8%
  • ▌▌Nachman Caller (Republican) 32.1%
  • ▌Write-in 1.1%[145]
Assembly 115 Billy Jones Democratic 2016 Incumbent resigned August 29, 2025, for personal reasons.[146]
New member elected November 4, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

Oklahoma

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 8 Roger Thompson Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned November 1, 2024.[148]
New member elected May 13, 2025.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Bryan Logan (Republican) 61.6%
  • ▌Nathan Brewer (Democratic) 29.7%
  • ▌Steve Sanford (Independent) 8.7%[149]
House 71 Amanda Swope Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned January 28, 2025, to become director of the Tulsa Office of Tribal Policy and Partnerships.[150]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 74 Mark Vancuren Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned January 1, 2025, to become a Deputy Tulsa County Commissioner.[152]
New member elected June 10, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 97 Jason Lowe Democratic 2016 Incumbent resigned April 7, 2025, to become an Oklahoma County commissioner.[154]
New member elected June 10, 2025, after the general election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.
Close

Pennsylvania

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 35 Matthew Gergely Democratic 2023
(special)		 Incumbent died January 19, 2025, after suffering a medical emergency.[156]
New member elected March 25, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Dan Goughnour (Democratic) 63.4%
  • ▌Charles Davis (Republican) 35.0%
  • ▌Adam Kitta (Libertarian) 1.6%[157]
Senate 36 Ryan Aument Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned December 31, 2024, to become state director for U.S. Senator Dave McCormick.[158]
New member elected March 25, 2025.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌Green tickY James Malone (Democratic) 50.0%
  • ▌Josh Parsons (Republican) 49.1%
  • ▌Zachary Moore (Libertarian) 0.9%[159]
Close

Puerto Rico

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 31 Vimarie Peña Dávila New Progressive Party 2024 Incumbent resigned August 18, 2025 to become the Mayor of Gurabo.[160]
New member be elected September 28, 2025.
New Progressive hold.[161]
  • ▌Green tickY Roberto López Román (New Progressive) 31.6%
  • ▌Alberto Fradera (New Progressive) 29.6%
  • ▌Michael López Saldaña (New Progressive) 19.3%
  • ▌Ana Margarita Ruíz Ramos (New Progressive) 15.7%
  • ▌José Cabán (New Progressive) 3.8%[162]
Close

Rhode Island

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Senator Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 4 Dominick J. Ruggerio Democratic 1984 Incumbent died April 21, 2025, of cancer.[163]
New member elected August 5, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

South Carolina

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 113 Marvin Pendarvis Democratic 2017
(special)		 Incumbent resigned September 16, 2024, after having his law license suspended.[165]
New member elected March 25, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 50 Will Wheeler Democratic 2017
(special)		 Incumbent resigned January 17, 2025, to run for the South Carolina Circuit Court.[167]
New member elected June 3, 2025.
Democratic hold.
House 21 Bobby Cox Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned in January 2026 to run for State Senate.[169]
New member elected December 23, 2025.
Republican hold.
House 88 RJ May Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned August 11, 2025, after being indicted for possessing and distributing child sexual abuse material.[169]
New member elected December 23, 2025.
Republican hold.
Senate 12 Roger Nutt Republican 2024 Incumbent resigned January 5, 2026, after being diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.[169]
New member elected December 23, 2025.
Republican hold.
Close

Utah (informal)

Utah does not normally conduct special elections to fill vacancies in its legislature. Rather, new members are selected by party delegates who live in the district where the vacancy occurred, and then they are appointed by the governor. Daniel Thatcher, who left the Republican Party to join the Forward Party earlier in the year, asked that his replacement be appointed using approval voting in an election open to all voters in the district. He set up a website and in-person voting locations for this to take place.[173]

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 11 Daniel Thatcher Forward 2010 Incumbent resigned December 12, 2025.[174]
New member elected December 11, 2025.
Forward hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Emily Buss (Forward) 47.2%
  • ▌Maleah Bliss (Forward) 32.9%
  • ▌Tyley Bean (Forward) 32.2%
  • ▌Jeff Marshall (Forward) 31.6%
  • ▌Jeff Saunders (Forward) 30.4%[175][f]
Close

Virginia

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 26 Kannan Srinivasan Democratic 2023 Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, to run for State Senate.[176]
New member elected January 7, 2025.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY JJ Singh (Democratic) 62.3%
  • ▌Ram Venkatachalam (Republican) 37.5%[177]
Senate 10 John McGuire Republican 2023 Incumbent resigned December 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[178]
New member elected January 7, 2025.
Republican hold.
Senate 32 Suhas Subramanyam Democratic 2023 Incumbent resigned November 11, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[179]
New member elected January 7, 2025.
Democratic hold.
Close

Washington

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 33
Position 1		 Tina Orwall Democratic 2008 Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024, after being appointed to the State Senate.[180]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[g]
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Edwin Obras (Democratic) 52.1%
  • ▌Kevin Schilling (Democratic) 46.4%
  • ▌Write-in 1.5%[181]
House 34
Position 1		 Emily Alvarado Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned January 21, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate.[182]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[h]
Democratic hold.
House 41
Position 1		 Tana Senn Democratic 2013
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington Department of Children, Youth, and Families.[183]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[i]
Democratic hold.
House 48
Position 1		 Vandana Slatter Democratic 2017
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025, after being appointed to the State Senate.[185]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[j]
Democratic hold.
Senate 5 Bill Ramos Democratic 2024 Incumbent died April 19, 2025.[186]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[k]
Democratic hold.
Senate 26 Emily Randall Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned December 8, 2024, to become a U.S. representative.[188]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[l]
Democratic hold.
Senate 33 Karen Keiser Democratic 2001
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned December 10, 2024.[188]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[m]
Democratic hold.
Senate 34 Joe Nguyen Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned January 15, 2025, to lead the Washington State Department of Commerce.[191]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[n]
Democratic hold.
Senate 48 Patty Kuderer Democratic 2017
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned January 7, 2025 to become the Washington State Insurance Commissioner.[188]
Interim appointee elected November 4, 2025.[o]
Democratic hold.
Close

Notes

  1. [a]
    The Minnesota House of Representatives is tied, so it is not counted towards either total.
  2. [b]
    A coalition of 14 Democrats, 5 Independents, and 2 Republicans controls the Alaska House of Representatives. A coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans controls the Alaska Senate.[1]
  3. [c]
    In the 2024 election, Fong filed to run for re-election to his Assembly seat and also filed to run for U.S. House. He resigned his Assembly seat on May 24 after winning a special election for the U.S. House seat three days earlier. Fong attempted to withdraw from the State Assembly race, but per California law, his name could not be removed from the ballot. Despite unofficially dropping out of the race, Fong was re-elected to his State Assembly seat in the November 2024 general election, necessitating a special election.[43]
  4. [d]
    Governor Tim Walz previously scheduled the special election for January 28. However, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that it was called prematurely, prompting its rescheduling.[113]
  5. [e]
    Benjie Wimberly was appointed as interim senator by members of the Bergen County and Passaic County Democratic Committees on January 16, 2025.[141]
  6. [f]
    Percentages do not sum to 100 due to the election's use of approval voting.
  7. [g]
    Edwin Obras was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on December 11, 2024.[180]
  8. [h]
    Brianna Thomas was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.[182]
  9. [i]
    Janice Zahn was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.[184]
  10. [j]
    Osman Salahuddin was appointed as interim representative by the King County Council on January 7, 2025.[185]
  11. [k]
    Victoria Hunt was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on June 3, 2025.[187]
  12. [l]
    Deborah Krishnadasan was appointed as interim senator by the Kitsap County Board of County Commissioners and Pierce County Council on December 11, 2024.[189]
  13. [m]
    Tina Orwall was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on December 11, 2024.[180]
  14. [n]
    Emily Alvarado was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on January 21, 2025.[182]
  15. [o]
    Vandana Slatter was appointed as interim senator by the King County Council on January 7, 2025.[185]

References

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