2024 United States state legislative elections

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The 2024 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2024, for 85 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C., also held elections. The elections take place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.

Quick facts 85 legislative chambers 44 states, Party ...
2024 United States state legislative elections
← 2023
November 5, 2024
2025 →
85 legislative chambers
44 states
 
Party Republican Democratic Coalition
Current chambers 56 41 2[a][b]
Chambers after 57[c] 39[c] 2[d][e]
Overall change Increase 1 Decrease 2 Steady
Map of upper house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans retained control
     Coalition retained control
     Non-partisan legislature
     No regularly-scheduled elections
Map of lower house elections:
     Democrats retained control
     Republicans gained control      Republicans retained control
     Coalition retained control      Split body formed
     Unicameral legislature/No lower house
     No regularly-scheduled elections
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Prior to the election, Republicans controlled 56 legislative chambers, while Democrats controlled 41. Both chambers of the Alaska Legislature were controlled by bipartisan coalitions. The states of Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania were expected to hold the most competitive elections for legislative control.[2] Additionally, court-ordered redistricting in Wisconsin was expected to lead to Democratic gains in both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature.[3] Favorable redistricting from Montana's independent redistricting commission was also expected to lead to Democratic gains in that state.[4]

Despite Republican nominee Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election, Republicans made very modest gains in state legislative chambers across the country, flipping only one chamber and forcing a tie in another.

Background

Partisan control of state legislatures following the 2022 and 2023 elections
  Republican control (27)
  Democratic control (20)
  Split control (2)
  Nonpartisan legislature (1)

The 2022 elections, midterm elections held under the presidency of Democrat Joe Biden, defied conventional expectations. Although Republicans had gained more legislative seats across the country than Democrats, they had lost control of several state legislative chambers. Republican gains were more concentrated in chambers they already controlled, while Democrats made more gains in states they controlled, as well as in battleground states where independent or court-ordered redistricting had dismantled the Republican-tilted maps of the 2010s. This enhanced Democratic policymaking power at the state level despite Republican victories at the federal level.[5] This trend continued in 2023, where Democrats won the most competitive chambers while Republicans padded their margins in the Deep South.[6] Heading into the 2024 elections, Republicans controlled 56 state legislative chambers to the Democrats' 41.[7]

Alongside each state's governor, this meant that 40 states, housing 82% of the population, had government trifectas, where one party controls the governorship and both houses of the state legislature, the most in modern history. Republicans had 23 trifectas, while Democrats only had 17. Four more states had legislatures where one party's supermajority could override the veto of a governor of the opposite party, leaving only 9% of the country's population living in states with truly divided governments. The increasing prevalence of one-party control had led to starker divergence of state policies between Democratic-controlled and Republican-controlled states over the past decade on a number of key issues not governed at the federal level. Rampant gerrymandering and political polarization has contributed to this as well, leaving large swaths of districts uncontested in the general election, and especially in primary elections.[8]

Party switching

A number of incumbent state legislators switched parties in the leadup to the 2024 election, with most of them leaving the Democratic Party and joining the Republican Party.

More information State, Chamber ...
State Chamber District Legislator Old party New party Source
California Senate 4 Marie Alvarado-Gil Democratic Republican [9]
Kansas Senate 1 Dennis Pyle Independent Republican [10]
Nebraska Legislature 5 Mike McDonnell Democratic Republican [11]
New Hampshire House Belknap 4 Matthew Coker Democratic Republican [12]
Merrimack 8 Sherry Gould Democratic Republican [13]
Oregon House 12 Charlie Conrad Republican Independent [14]
Texas House 146 Shawn Thierry Democratic Republican [15]
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Issues

State legislative elections took a back seat in the minds of most voters due to the highly contentious presidential election on the top of the ticket in every state. Despite this, however, a few key issues permeated most of these elections. Chief among them were abortion rights, gun rights, environmental regulations, and laws regarding transgender people. Recent Supreme Court rulings had reduced federal power on these issues, charging states with crafting their own individual policies. Both parties spent millions of dollars on these races, with other long-term issues such as redistricting also in the back of their minds, while conceding that the results of the presidential election would likely heavily dictate the results of the state legislative elections.[16][17]

Several states featured their own key issues in legislative races, with these usually coming up during each state's primary election. These included school vouchers in Tennessee and Texas, as well as a carbon capture pipeline in South Dakota.[18][19] A number of Republican-led states, including Idaho, Missouri, South Carolina, and Wyoming saw growth in their "freedom caucuses" as well, with substantial primary challenges waged against "establishment" Republicans, especially those in leadership.[20][21] In other states where one party solidly controlled the legislature but the opposite party controlled the governorship, like Kansas, Nevada, North Carolina, and Vermont, their general elections determined the efficacy of each governor's veto power.[22]

Summary table

Regularly scheduled elections were held in 85 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections were held for 5,809 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. The chambers not up for election either hold regularly scheduled elections in odd-numbered years or have four-year terms and hold all regularly scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.[23]

Note that this table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.

More information State, Upper house ...
State Upper house Lower house
Seats up Total % up Term Seats up Total % up Term
Alabama 0 35 0 4 0 105 0 4
Alaska 10 20 50 4 40 40 100 2
Arizona 30 30 100 2 60 60 100 2
Arkansas 18 35 51 2/4[f] 100 100 100 2
California 20 40 50 4 80 80 100 2
Colorado 18 35 51 4 65 65 100 2
Connecticut 36 36 100 2 151 151 100 2
Delaware 10 21 52 2/4[f] 41 41 100 2
Florida 20 40 50 2/4[f] 120 120 100 2
Georgia 56 56 100 2 180 180 100 2
Hawaii 12 25 52 2/4[f] 51 51 100 2
Idaho 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Illinois 20 59 34 2/4[f] 118 118 100 2
Indiana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Iowa 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Kansas 40 40 100 4 125 125 100 2
Kentucky 19 38 50 4 100 100 100 2
Louisiana 0 39 0 4 0 105 0 4
Maine 35 35 100 2 151 151 100 2
Maryland 0 47 0 4 0 141 0 4
Massachusetts 40 40 100 2 160 160 100 2
Michigan 0 38 0 4 110 110 100 2
Minnesota 0 67 0 2/4[f] 134 134 100 2
Mississippi 0 52 0 4 0 122 0 4
Missouri 17 34 50 4 163 163 100 2
Montana 25 50 50 4 100 100 100 2
Nebraska 25[g] 49[g] 51[g] 4 N/A (unicameral)
Nevada 10 21 48 4 42 42 100 2
New Hampshire 24 24 100 2 400 400 100 2
New Jersey 0 40 0 2/4[f] 0 80 0 2
New Mexico 42 42 100 4 70 70 100 2
New York 63 63 100 2 150 150 100 2
North Carolina 50 50 100 2 120 120 100 2
North Dakota 23 47 49 4 46 94 50 4
Ohio 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Oklahoma 24 48 50 4 101 101 100 2
Oregon 15 30 50 4 60 60 100 2
Pennsylvania 25 50 50 4 203 203 100 2
Rhode Island 38 38 100 2 75 75 100 2
South Carolina 46 46 100 4 124 124 100 2
South Dakota 35 35 100 2 70 70 100 2
Tennessee 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Texas 15 31 52 2/4[f] 150 150 100 2
Utah 15 29 52 4 75 75 100 2
Vermont 30 30 100 2 150 150 100 2
Virginia 0 40 0 4 0 100 0 2
Washington 25 49 51 4 98 98 100 2
West Virginia 17 34 50 4 100 100 100 2
Wisconsin 16 33 48 4 99 99 100 2
Wyoming 15 31 48 4 62 62 100 2
Total 1096 1973 65 N/A 4712 5413 87 N/A
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Redistricting

States which underwent mid-decade redistricting prior to the 2024 elections. Stripes indicate only a small number of districts were changed.
  Regularly-scheduled redistricting
  Voluntary redistricting
  Court-ordered redistricting

A number of states underwent mid-decade redistricting prior to the 2024 elections. Some states only changed a few districts, while others implemented entirely new maps. In Georgia, Michigan and North Dakota, and Washington, judges ruled that certain districts violated the Voting Rights Act. Georgia[24] and Michigan[25] failed to protect African American communities of interest while North Dakota[26] and Washington[27] failed to protect Native American and Hispanic communities of interest respectively.

The Wisconsin Supreme Court flipped from a conservative to a liberal majority in 2023, directly leading to the overturning of the state's legislative districts in Clarke v. Wisconsin Elections Commission.[28] The legislature then passed new maps drawn by Democratic governor Tony Evers to avoid the possibility of the courts imposing their own maps.[29] In Ohio, the state had to draw new legislative maps due to the Ohio Supreme Court repeatedly striking down maps prior to the 2022 elections. The state's seven-member politician commission unanimously passed new maps despite the commission's two Democratic members considering them to still be unfair.[30]

Montana held its elections under new lines drawn by the state's independent redistricting commission. Unlike every other state, Montana does not implement new legislative districts until the fourth year following the census.[31] The North Carolina Supreme Court, which flipped to Republican control in 2022, overturned its previous ruling prohibiting partisan gerrymandering, enabling the Republican-controlled legislature to pass new maps seen as highly favorable to them.[32] As part of the litigation in a racial gerrymandering case in South Carolina, which primarily concerned the state's first congressional district, the plaintiffs in the case agreed to drop their challenge to the state House's map in exchange for the legislature passing changes to a small set of districts. Though this occurred in 2022, the new maps did not take effect until 2024.[33]

Most expected the new legislative maps in Montana and Wisconsin to lead to large Democratic gains in both houses of each state's legislature.[3][4]

Electoral predictions

Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.

Analysts' predictions for competitive state legislative chambers largely mirrored the states they considered competitive in the presidential election, with some exceptions. Presidential battlegrounds Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina were not considered competitive due to heavy gerrymandering in each state,[34][35] while both legislative chambers in Alaska, Minnesota,[h] and New Hampshire were considered competitive despite not being characterized as presidential battlegrounds.[7] In line with national predictions of an unpredictable and competitive presidential election, many analysts, including Louis Jacobson of Sabato's Crystal Ball saw neither party as having a distinct advantage towards making gains at the state legislative level, although others, including CNalysis, gave Democrats a slight edge in both net seat gain and net chamber gain, owed in part to favorable redistricting.[7][36]

Most election predictors use:

  • "Tossup": No advantage
  • "Tilt": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
  • "Lean": Slight advantage
  • "Likely": Significant, but surmountable, advantage[i]
  • "Safe" or "Solid": Near-certain chance of victory
More information State, PVI ...
State PVI[37] Chamber Last
election		 CNalysis[j]
Nov. 5, 2024[38]		 Sabato
Oct. 23, 2024[7]		 Result
Alaska R+8 Senate Coal. 17–3 Solid Coal. Lean Coal. Coal. 14–6
House Coal. 23–16–1 Tossup Tossup Coal. 21–19
Arizona R+2 Senate R 16–14 Tossup Tossup R 17–13
House R 31–29 Tossup Tossup R 33–27
Arkansas R+16 Senate R 29–6 Solid R Safe R R 29–6
House R 82–18 Solid R Safe R R 81–19
California D+13 Senate D 32–8 Solid D Safe D D 30–10
Assembly D 62–18 Solid D Safe D D 60–20
Colorado D+4 Senate D 23–12 Solid D Safe D D 23–12
House D 46–19 Solid D Safe D D 43–22
Connecticut D+7 Senate D 24–12 Solid D Safe D D 25–11
House D 98–53 Solid D Safe D D 102–49
Delaware D+7 Senate D 15–6 Solid D Safe D D 15–6
House D 26–15 Solid D Safe D D 27–14
Florida R+3 Senate R 28–12 Solid R Safe R R 28–12
House R 85–35 Solid R Safe R R 85–35
Georgia R+3 Senate R 33–23 Solid R Safe R R 33–23
House R 101–79 Safe R Safe R R 100–80
Hawaii D+14 Senate D 23–2 Solid D Safe D D 22–3
House D 45–6 Solid D Safe D D 42–9
Idaho R+18 Senate R 28–7 Solid R Safe R R 29–6
House R 59–11 Solid R Safe R R 61–9
Illinois D+7 Senate D 40–19 Solid D Safe D D 40–19
House D 78–40 Solid D Safe D D 78–40
Indiana R+11 Senate R 40–10 Solid R Safe R R 40–10
House R 70–30 Solid R Safe R R 70–30
Iowa R+6 Senate R 34–16 Solid R Safe R R 35–15
House R 64–36 Very Likely R Safe R R 67–33
Kansas R+10 Senate R 29–11 Solid R Likely R R 31–9
House R 85–40 Solid R Likely R R 88–37
Kentucky R+16 Senate R 31–7 Solid R Safe R R 31–7
House R 80–20 Solid R Safe R R 80–20
Maine D+2 Senate D 22–13 Likely D Likely D D 20–15
House D 82–67–2 Likely D Lean D D 76–73–2
Massachusetts D+15 Senate D 37–3 Solid D Safe D D 35–5
House D 134–25–1 Solid D Safe D D 134–25–1
Michigan R+1 House D 56–54 Tossup Tossup R 58–52
Minnesota D+1 House D 70–64 Likely D Tossup 67–67
Missouri R+10 Senate R 24–10 Solid R Safe R R 24–10
House R 111–52 Solid R Safe R R 111–52
Montana R+11 Senate R 34–16 Solid R Likely R R 32–18
House R 68–32 Solid R Likely R R 58–42
Nevada R+1 Senate D 13–8 Solid D Safe D D 13–8
Assembly D 28–14 Very Likely D Safe D D 27–15
New Hampshire D+1 Senate R 14–10 Tossup Lean R R 16–8
House R 201–199 Tilt D (flip) Tossup R 222–178
New Mexico D+3 Senate D 27–15 Solid D Safe D D 26–16
House D 45–25 Solid D Safe D D 44–26
New York D+10 Senate D 42–21 Solid D Safe D D 41–22
Assembly D 102–48 Solid D Safe D D 103–47
North Carolina R+3 Senate R 30–20 Solid R Likely R R 30–20
House R 71–49 Solid R Likely R R 71–49
North Dakota R+20 Senate R 43–4 Solid R Safe R R 42–5
House R 82–12 Solid R Safe R R 83–11
Ohio R+6 Senate R 26–7 Solid R Safe R R 24–9
House R 67–32 Solid R Likely R R 65–34
Oklahoma R+20 Senate R 40–8 Solid R Safe R R 40–8
House R 81–20 Solid R Safe R R 81–20
Oregon D+6 Senate D 17–12–1 Solid D Safe D D 18–12
House D 35–25 Solid D Safe D D 36–24
Pennsylvania R+2 Senate R 28–22 Likely R Lean R R 28–22
House D 102–101 Tossup Tossup D 102–101
Rhode Island D+8 Senate D 33–5 Solid D Safe D D 34–4
House D 65–9–1 Solid D Safe D D 64–10–1
South Carolina R+8 Senate R 30–16 Solid R Safe R R 34–12
House R 88–36 Solid R Safe R R 88–36
South Dakota R+16 Senate R 31–4 Solid R Safe R R 32–3
House R 63–7 Solid R Safe R R 64–6
Tennessee R+14 Senate R 27–6 Solid R Safe R R 27–6
House R 75–24 Solid R Safe R R 75–24
Texas R+5 Senate R 19–12 Solid R Safe R R 20–11
House R 86–64 Very Likely R Safe R R 88–62
Utah R+13 Senate R 23–6 Solid R Safe R R 23–6
House R 61–14 Solid R Safe R R 61–14
Vermont D+16 Senate D 22–7–1 Solid D Safe D D 16–13–1
House D 104–38–5–3 Solid D Safe D D 87–56–4–3
Washington D+8 Senate D 29–20 Solid D Likely D D 30–19
House D 58–40 Solid D Likely D D 59–39
West Virginia R+22 Senate R 30–4 Solid R Safe R R 32–2
House R 88–12 Solid R Safe R R 91–9
Wisconsin R+2 Senate R 22–11 Solid R Likely R R 18–15
Assembly R 64–35 Tilt R Lean R R 54–45
Wyoming R+25 Senate R 29–2 Solid R Safe R R 29–2
House R 57–5 Solid R Safe R R 56–6
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National results

More information Party, Seats before ...
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Despite Republican nominee Donald Trump's victory in the presidential election, Republicans made very modest gains in state legislative chambers across the country, a net gain of just over 50 seats. These gains were hampered by Democratic redistricting-based gains Montana and Wisconsin.[40] Republicans only flipped the Michigan House of Representatives from Democrats, while the Minnesota House of Representatives went from DFL-controlled to tied. The net changes in both chamber control and overall seat control were well below average for state legislative elections during the 21st century.[41] Twenty eight state legislative chambers which held elections saw no change in partisan composition, and only seven states saw a net shift of over five legislative seats towards one party, a drop of nearly 50% in both metrics from the 2022 elections.[40]

A number of statehouses saw dramatic shifts through primary elections in addition to the general election. In the Texas House of Representatives, conservative Republicans ousted over a dozen opponents of school voucher legislation and targeted those who voted in favor of the impeachment of attorney general Ken Paxton. These primaries, bolstered by Republican gains in the general election, gave the pro-voucher coalition a majority in the chamber for the first time.[42][43] In the Wyoming House of Representatives, the far-right Freedom Caucus gained a majority in the chamber through the Republican primary election.[21] Progressive Democrats gained ground in Delaware and New Mexico, but they lost ground in Colorado as a result of Democratic primary elections. These shifts were considered much more minor than the shifts seen in Republican-controlled chambers.[40]

Despite this, supermajorities were broken in several chambers: Republicans broke the Democratic supermajorities in both houses of the Vermont General Assembly, the Nevada Assembly, and the New York State Senate; while Democrats broke Republican supermajorities in the North Carolina House of Representatives, both chambers of the Montana Legislature, and the Wisconsin Senate. The supermajorities being broke in Vermont and North Carolina was particularly impactful, as it made it significantly tougher for the legislature to overturn the governor's veto.[44][45] Additionally, supermajorities were obtained in other chambers: Democrats obtained supermajorities in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly; while Republicans did so in the Iowa House of Representatives, the South Carolina Senate, and the New Hampshire Senate.[46]

Post-election party switching

Following the election, two Democratic members of the Florida House of Representatives announced that they would be switching parties and joining the Republicans. Representative Susan Valdes cited a desire to work with as a part of the majority for her switch, while Hillary Cassel cited her unequivocal support for the state of Israel. The state had grown increasingly Republican in the prior years, culminating in Donald Trump's landslide victory in the state in the concurrent presidential election, including in Valdes’ district.[47][48]

More information State, Chamber ...
State Chamber District Legislator Old party New party Source
Florida House 64 Susan Valdes Democratic Republican [47]
101 Hillary Cassel Democratic Republican [48]
New Hampshire House Strafford 10 Aidan Ankarberg Republican Independent [49]
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Maps

  • Upper house seats by party holding majority in each state Republican  50–60%  60–70%  70–80%  80–90%  90–100% Democratic  50–60%  60–70%  70–80%  80–90%  90–100%
    Upper house seats by party holding majority in each state
  • Lower house seats by party holding majority in each state Republican  50–60%  60–70%  70–80%  80–90%  90–100% Democratic  50–60%  60–70%  70–80%  80–90%
    Lower house seats by party holding majority in each state
  • Net changes to upper house seats after the 2024 elections     +1 Rep seat      +2 Rep seats      +4 Rep seats      +6 Rep seats     +1 Dem seat      +2 Dem seats      +4 Dem seats
    Net changes to upper house seats after the 2024 elections
         +1 Rep seat      +2 Rep seats      +4 Rep seats      +6 Rep seats
         +1 Dem seat      +2 Dem seats      +4 Dem seats
  • Net changes to lower house seats after the 2024 elections     +1 Rep seat      +2 Rep seats      +3–5 Rep seats      +19–20 Rep seats     +1 Dem seat      +2 Dem seats      +4 Dem seats      +10 Dem seats
    Net changes to lower house seats after the 2024 elections
         +1 Rep seat      +2 Rep seats      +3–5 Rep seats      +19–20 Rep seats
         +1 Dem seat      +2 Dem seats      +4 Dem seats      +10 Dem seats

State summaries

Alaska

Main articles: 2024 Alaska Senate election and 2024 Alaska House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Alaska Senate and all of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Alaska Senate and the Alaska House of Representatives were controlled by coalitions of Democrats, Republicans, and independents. The Democratic-led coalition in the Senate maintained control, but it lost seats to the conservative Republican minority. A Democratic-led coalition won control of the House of Representatives over the previous Republican-led coalition.[50]

More information Party, Leader ...
Alaska Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Gary Stevens 9[b] 9[e] Steady
Republican 8 5 Steady
— 3 6
Total 20 20 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Alaska House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Calvin Schrage 1 2 Steady
Cathy Tilton 20[a] 19
Independent 1 5 Steady
Calvin Schrage 4
Democratic 11 14[d] Increase 1
Cathy Tilton 2
Independent
Republican		 — 1[m] 0 Decrease 1
Total 40 40 Steady
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Arizona

Main articles: 2024 Arizona Senate election and 2024 Arizona House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Arizona Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans slightly expanded their narrow majorities in both chambers despite heavy Democratic spending amid hopes of winning control for the first time since the 1960s. This pushed the majority further towards the far-right, setting up even more hostilities between them and Democratic governor Katie Hobbs, who had vetoed more than 200 bills passed by the previous legislature.[51]

More information Party, Leader ...
Arizona Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Warren Petersen 16 17 Increase 1
Democratic Mitzi Epstein 14 13 Decrease 1
Total 30 30 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Arizona House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ben Toma (term-limited) 31 33 Increase 2
Democratic Lupe Contreras 29 27 Decrease 2
Total 60 60 Steady
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Arkansas

Main articles: 2024 Arkansas Senate election and 2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Arkansas Senate and all of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained their supermajority control of both chambers, but Democrats made slight gains in the House, flipping one seat in Northwest Arkansas and narrowly holding their two remaining seats in the Arkansas Delta.[52]

More information Party, Leader ...
Arkansas State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Bart Hester 29 29 Steady
Democratic Greg Leding 6 6 Steady
Total 35 35 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Arkansas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matthew Shepherd 82 81 Decrease 1
Democratic Tippi McCullough 18 19 Increase 1
Total 100 100 Steady
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California

Main articles: 2024 California State Senate election and 2024 California State Assembly election
Senate results
State Assembly results

Half of the seats of the California State Senate and all of the seats of the California State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained control of both chambers, although Republicans made slight gains. Republicans flipped a seat in the Senate during a presidential election for the first time since 1980.[53]

More information Party, Leader ...
California State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Mike McGuire 31 30 Decrease 1
Republican Brian Jones 9 10 Increase 1
Total 40 40 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
California General Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Robert Rivas 62 60 Decrease 2
Republican James Gallagher 18 20 Increase 2
Total 80 80 Steady
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Colorado

Main articles: 2024 Colorado Senate election and 2024 Colorado House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Colorado Senate and all of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. An unusually expensive primary election led to a slight shift towards the political center among Democratic candidates.[54] In the general election, Democrats failed to gain a supermajority in the Senate, and a series of recounts eventually led to Republicans flipping three seats in the House, breaking the Democratic supermajority in that chamber as well.[55]

More information Party, Leader ...
Colorado State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Steve Fenberg (term-limited) 23 23 Steady
Republican Paul Lundeen 12 12 Steady
Total 35 35 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Colorado House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Julie McCluskie 46 43 Decrease 3
Republican Rose Pugliese 19 22 Increase 3
Total 65 65 Steady
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Connecticut

Main articles: 2024 Connecticut State Senate election and 2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Connecticut State Senate and the Connecticut House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats expanded their majorities in both chambers despite their losses at the national level.[56]

More information Party, Leader ...
Connecticut State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Martin Looney 24 25 Increase 1
Republican Stephen Harding 12 11 Decrease 1
Total 36 36 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Connecticut House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Matthew Ritter 98 102 Increase 4
Republican Vincent Candelora 53 49 Decrease 4
Total 151 151 Steady
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Delaware

Main articles: 2024 Delaware Senate election and 2024 Delaware House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives election

Half of the seats of the Delaware State Senate and all of the Delaware House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. In the primary election, House speaker Valerie Longhurst lost renomination to a progressive challenger.[57] In the general election, Democrats maintained their supermajority in the Senate and slightly expanded their majority in the House. They had targeted four Republican-held House seats, but they only flipped one, gaining the three-fifths supermajority required to overturn gubernatorial vetoes but not the two-thirds supermajority required to unilaterally pass constitutional amendments.[58]

More information Party, Leader ...
Delaware State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic David Sokola 15 15 Steady
Republican Gerald Hocker 6 6 Steady
Total 21 21 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Delaware House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Valerie Longhurst (lost renomination) 26 27 Increase 1
Republican Michael Ramone (retired) 15 14 Decrease 1
Total 41 41 Steady
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Florida

Main articles: 2024 Florida Senate election and 2024 Florida House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Florida Senate and all of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained their historically large supermajorities of both chambers, slightly expanding their margin in the House. This included the defeat of a Democrat who had just flipped a seat in a special election earlier in the year, which had buoyed the party's hopes of rolling back the gains Republicans had made in recent years. Several of the other Democratic losses came by very narrow margins.[59]

After the election, two Democratic House members switched parties and joined the Republicans, further inflating their supermajority in the chamber.[47][48]

More information Party, Leader ...
Florida Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Kathleen Passidomo (term-limited) 28 28 Steady
Democratic Lauren Book (term-limited) 12 12 Steady
Total 40 40 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Florida House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Paul Renner (term-limited) 84 85 Increase 1
Democratic Fentrice Driskell 36 35 Decrease 1
Total 120 120 Steady
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Georgia

Main articles: 2024 Georgia State Senate election and 2024 Georgia House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. A federal judge ordered the redrawing of a few House districts in the Black Belt over racial gerrymandering claims.[24] Republicans maintained control of both chambers, with Democrats making narrow gains in the House.[60]

More information Party, Leader ...
Georgia State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican John Kennedy 33 33 Steady
Democratic Gloria Butler (retired) 23 23 Steady
Total 56 56 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Georgia House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jon Burns 102 100 Decrease 2
Democratic James Beverly (retired) 78 80 Increase 2
Total 180 180 Steady
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Hawaii

Main articles: 2024 Hawaii Senate election and 2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Hawaii Senate and all of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained their supermajority control of both chambers, but Republicans, buoyed by Donald Trump's presidential election victory, gained several seats, leading them to seat their largest caucus in either chamber in two decades.[61][62]

More information Party, Leader ...
Hawaii Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Ron Kouchi 23 22 Decrease 1
Republican Kurt Fevella 2 3 Increase 1
Total 25 25 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Hawaii House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Scott Saiki (lost renomination) 45 42 Decrease 3
Republican Lauren Matsumoto 6 9 Increase 3
Total 51 51 Steady
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Idaho

Main articles: 2024 Idaho Senate election and 2024 Idaho House of Representatives election
Senate results

All of the seats of the Idaho Senate and the Idaho House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Conflict within the Idaho Republican Party's freedom caucus and more moderate wing led to a high number of primary challenges. These challenges resulted in modest gains for the freedom caucus, including the ouster of Senate President Pro Tempore Chuck Winder.[63] In the general election, Republicans won a handful of seats from the Democrats, further expanding their supermajorities in both legislative chambers.[64]

More information Party, Leader ...
Idaho Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Chuck Winder (lost renomination) 28 29 Increase 1
Democratic Melissa Wintrow 7 6 Decrease 1
Total 35 35 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Idaho House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Mike Moyle 59 61 Increase 2
Democratic Ilana Rubel 11 9 Decrease 2
Total 70 70 Steady
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Illinois

Main articles: 2024 Illinois Senate election and 2024 Illinois House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

One third of the seats of the Illinois Senate and all of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Despite a number of highly-competitive races in both chambers, no seats changed partisan control, allowing Democrats to maintain their supermajorities in both chambers.[65]

More information Party, Leader ...
Illinois Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Don Harmon 40 40 Steady
Republican John Curran 19 19 Steady
Total 59 59 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Illinois House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Chris Welch 78 78 Steady
Republican Tony McCombie 40 40 Steady
Total 118 118 Steady
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Indiana

Main articles: 2024 Indiana Senate election and 2024 Indiana House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Indiana Senate and all of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Despite several close races in the House, no seats changed partisan control in either chamber, allowing Republicans to maintain the supermajority they have held in the legislature since the 2012 elections.[66]

More information Party, Leader ...
Indiana Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Rodric Bray 40 40 Steady
Democratic Greg Taylor 10 10 Steady
Total 50 50 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Indiana House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Todd Huston 70 70 Steady
Democratic Phil GiaQuinta 30 30 Steady
Total 100 100 Steady
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Iowa

Main articles: 2024 Iowa Senate election and 2024 Iowa House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Iowa Senate and all of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Despite both parties flipping seats in each chamber, Republicans netted seats in both chambers, expanding their supermajority in the Senate and gaining in the House. Having essentially wiped out every remaining rural Democrat in previous elections, Republican gains were concentrated more in the state's urban areas where Democrats strength remains steady. The results gave Republicans their largest majority in either chamber since 1970.[67]

More information Party, Leader ...
Iowa Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Amy Sinclair 34 35 Increase 1
Democratic Pam Jochum (retired) 16 15 Decrease 1
Total 50 50 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Iowa House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Pat Grassley 64 67 Increase 3
Democratic Jennifer Konfrst 36 33 Decrease 3
Total 100 100 Steady
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Kansas

Main articles: 2024 Kansas Senate election and 2024 Kansas House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Kansas Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Despite heavy investment from Democrats and hopes of breaking the Republican supermajority in either chamber to strengthen the veto power of Democratic governor Laura Kelly, Republicans made gains in both chambers, instead. The expanded majorities further weakened Democratic leverage, which often relied on small numbers of moderate Republicans siding with them, empowering the more conservative Republicans instead.[68] This allowed for the passage of a constitutional amendment calling for the direct election of the Kansas Supreme Court, removing that power from the governor, long a priority of the conservative wing of the party.[69]

More information Party, Leader ...
Kansas Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ty Masterson 29 31 Increase 2
Democratic Dinah Sykes 11 9 Decrease 2
Total 40 40 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Kansas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Daniel Hawkins 85 88 Increase 3
Democratic Vic Miller (retired) 40 37 Decrease 3
Total 125 125 Steady
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Kentucky

Main articles: 2024 Kentucky Senate election and 2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Kentucky Senate and all of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained supermajorities in both chambers with no net change in seat share in either.[70]

More information Party, Leader ...
Kentucky Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Robert Stivers 31 31 Steady
Democratic Gerald Neal 7 7 Steady
Total 38 38 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Kentucky House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican David Osborne 80 80 Steady
Democratic Derrick Graham (retired) 20 20 Steady
Total 100 100 Steady
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Maine

Main articles: 2024 Maine State Senate election and 2024 Maine House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Maine Senate and the Maine House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. After a flurry of recounts, Democrats maintained their majorities in both chambers, although Republicans made gains in each. Both Republican gains in the Senate came from seats held by retiring Democrats, while they defeated several incumbent Democrats in the House in addition to winning open seats.[71]

More information Party, Leader ...
Maine Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Troy Jackson (term-limited) 22 20 Decrease 2
Republican Trey Stewart 13 15 Increase 2
Total 35 35 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Maine House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Rachel Talbot Ross (term-limited) 81 76 Decrease 5
Republican Billy Bob Faulkingham 68 73 Increase 5
Independent — 2 2 Steady
Total 151 151 Steady
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Massachusetts

Main articles: 2024 Massachusetts Senate election and 2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained supermajority control of both chambers, although Republicans gained one seat in the Senate. Both parties flipped two seats in the House, with all of the flips in both chambers coming from southeastern Massachusetts.[72] Nearly two thirds of the legislature faced no opposition in the general election.[73]

More information Party, Leader ...
Massachusetts Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Karen Spilka 36 35 Decrease 1
Republican Bruce Tarr 4 5 Increase 1
Total 40 40 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Massachusetts House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Ron Mariano 134 134 Steady
Independent 1 1 Steady
Republican Bradley Jones Jr. 25 25 Steady
Total 160 160 Steady
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Michigan

Main article: 2024 Michigan House of Representatives election
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2024; the Michigan Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections. Democrats had won a government trifecta in the state in the 2022 elections for the first time in decades.[74] They used this newfound power to roll back many of the policies enacted by former Republican governor Rick Snyder, including the state's right-to-work law and the repealing of the prevailing wage.[75] A federal judge had ordered the redrawing of a number of districts in Detroit over allegations that the state's independent redistricting commission had unlawfully diluted the voting power of the city's Black voters.[25] Republicans won control of the House from the Democrats, creating a divided government.[76]

More information Party, Leader ...
Michigan House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joe Tate 56 52 Decrease 4
Republican Matt Hall 54 58 Increase 4
Total 110 110 Steady
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Minnesota

Main article: 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Minnesota Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2024. DFLers had won a government trifecta in the state in the 2022 elections, and they leveraged this to pass a slew of progressive legislation. This included expansions of abortion rights, a progressive child tax credit, and universal free school meals.[77] Republicans gained 3 seats in the House, tying the chamber. Two DFL-won seats became vacant after the election, giving Republicans a numerical majority when the legislative session started. DFL legislators boycotted the session, but they eventually returned and negotiated a power-sharing deal that allowed Republican Lisa Demuth to be elected Speaker, ending the DFL trifecta.[78]

More information Party, Leader ...
Minnesota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic (DFL) Melissa Hortman 70 67 Decrease 3
Republican Lisa Demuth 64 67 Increase 3
Total 134 134 Steady
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Missouri

Main articles: 2024 Missouri State Senate election and 2024 Missouri House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Missouri Senate and all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Both parties flipped one seat in each chamber, resulting in no net change in composition, allowing Republicans to maintain their supermajorities in each chamber. This was the first election since 2014 where Democrats made no net gains in either chamber.[79]

More information Party, Leader ...
Missouri Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Caleb Rowden (term-limited) 24 24 Steady
Democratic Doug Beck 10 10 Steady
Total 34 34 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Missouri House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dean Plocher (term-limited) 111 111 Steady
Democratic Crystal Quade (term-limited) 52 52 Steady
Total 163 163 Steady
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Montana

Main articles: 2024 Montana Senate election and 2024 Montana House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Montana Senate and all of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. This was the first election under new legislative lines drawn by an independent, bipartisan commission as Montana does not adopt new legislative lines until 4 years after the census.[80] Aided by the new maps, Democrats broke the Republicans' legislative supermajority in both chambers, although Republicans still maintained control.[81] In the Senate, nine moderate Republicans formed a loose coalition with the chamber's Democrats to pass legislation, broadly stripping power from the party's conservative wing.[82]

More information Party, Leader ...
Montana Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jason Ellsworth 34 32 Decrease 2
Democratic Pat Flowers 16 18 Increase 2
Total 50 50 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Montana House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matt Regier (term-limited) 68 58 Decrease 10
Democratic Kim Abbott (term-limited) 32 42 Increase 10
Total 100 100 Steady
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Nebraska

Main article: 2024 Nebraska Legislature election
Legislative results

Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election in 2024. Nebraska's legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates. Republicans gained a supermajority in the chamber earlier in the year when a socially-conservative Democrat switched parties, and Republican-endorsed candidates maintained it in the election, allowing them to overcome a legislative filibuster to pass legislation without Democratic support.[83]

More information Party, Before ...
Nebraska Legislature
Party Before After Change
Republican 33 33 Steady
Democratic 15 15 Steady
Independent 1 1 Steady
Total 49 49 Steady
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Nevada

Main articles: 2024 Nevada State Senate election and 2024 Nevada Assembly election
Senate results
Assembly results

Half of the seats of the Nevada Senate and all of the seats of the Nevada Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained control of both chambers despite strong Republican performances statewide, a result attributed by both parties to gerrymandering that took place when Democrats fully controlled the state government in 2021. Republicans did gain one seat in the Assembly, breaking the chamber's Democratic supermajority and strengthening the veto power of Republican governor Joe Lombardo.[84]

More information Party, Leader ...
Nevada Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Nicole Cannizzaro 13 13 Steady
Republican Robin Titus 8 8 Steady
Total 21 21 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Nevada Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Steve Yeager 28 27 Decrease 1
Republican P. K. O'Neill 14 15 Increase 1
Total 42 42 Steady
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New Hampshire

Main articles: 2024 New Hampshire Senate election and 2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the New Hampshire Senate and the New Hampshire House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Despite Democratic victories in the state at the federal level, state Republicans performed very well, expanding their majorities in both legislative chamber and attaining a supermajority in the Senate despite Democratic hopes of flipping the House and making gains in the Senate.[85]

More information Party, Leader ...
New Hampshire Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jeb Bradley (retired) 14 16 Increase 2
Democratic Donna Soucy (defeated) 10 8 Decrease 2
Total 24 24 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
New Hampshire House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Sherman Packard 202 222 Increase 20
Democratic Matthew Wilhelm 195 178 Decrease 17
Independent — 3 0 Decrease 3
Total 400 400 Steady
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New Mexico

Main articles: 2024 New Mexico Senate election and 2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the New Mexico Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Progressive Democrats made gains in the state's primary election, although a number of conservative Democratic incumbents still held onto their seats.[86] In the general election, Republicans gained one seat in each chamber, although Democrats still maintained their majorities.[87]

More information Party, Leader ...
New Mexico Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Mimi Stewart 27 26 Decrease 1
Republican Gregory A. Baca (retired) 15 16 Increase 1
Total 42 42 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
New Mexico House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Javier Martínez 45 44 Decrease 1
Republican Rod Montoya 25 26 Increase 1
Total 70 70 Steady
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New York

Main articles: 2024 New York State Senate election and 2024 New York State Assembly election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained control of both chambers, but Republicans gained one seat in the Senate, breaking the chamber's Democratic supermajority.[88]

More information Party, Leader ...
New York State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Andrea Stewart-Cousins 42 41 Decrease 1
Republican Rob Ortt 21 22 Increase 1
Total 63 63 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
New York State Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Carl Heastie 102 103 Increase 1
Republican William Barclay 48 47 Decrease 1
Total 150 150 Steady
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North Carolina

Main articles: 2024 North Carolina Senate election and 2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans had gained a supermajority in the legislature in 2023 after Democrat Tricia Cotham switched parties.[89] Later in 2023, they drew new legislative district maps to replace ones imposed by the formerly Democratic-controlled state Supreme Court for the 2022 elections.[32]

Republicans maintained control of both chambers, but Democrats gained one seat in the House, breaking its Republican supermajority. This greatly increased the veto power of incoming Democratic governor Josh Stein.[90] Prior to the swearing-in of the new legislature, however, Republicans overrode the veto of outgoing governor Roy Cooper to strip numerous powers from statewide offices which Democrats had won in the 2024 election.[91]

More information Party, Leader ...
North Carolina Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Phil Berger 30 30 Steady
Democratic Dan Blue 20 20 Steady
Total 50 50 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
North Carolina House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Tim Moore (retired) 72 71 Decrease 1
Democratic Robert Reives 48 49 Increase 1
Total 120 120 Steady
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North Dakota

Main articles: 2024 North Dakota Senate election and 2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election
Senate results (excluding special election)
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the North Dakota Senate and the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. In 2023, a federal judge had ordered the creation of a new district containing two Native American tribes which had previously been split into separate districts.[26] Special elections were called for the new district in both the House and Senate.[92] Native American Democrats flipped these seats but the party lost elsewhere in the state, resulting in a net loss in the House. Republicans maintained supermajority control of both chambers.[93]

More information Party, Leader ...
North Dakota Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Donald Schaible 43 42 Decrease 1
Democratic-NPL Kathy Hogan 4 5 Increase 1
Total 47 47 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
North Dakota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dennis Johnson (retired) 82 83 Increase 1
Democratic-NPL Zac Ista 12 11 Decrease 1
Total 94 94 Steady
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Ohio

Main articles: 2024 Ohio Senate election and 2024 Ohio House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Ohio Senate and all of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The elections took place on new maps passed by Ohio's bipartisan redistricting commission after the state Supreme Court had repeatedly struck down the legislature's maps in the leadup to the 2022 election. The maps passed the commission unanimously, ensuring their effectiveness through the end of the decade. While the new maps were more favorable to Democrats than previous ones, Republicans still held a significant electoral advantage on them.[30]

Republicans maintained control of both chambers, but Democrats made minor gains in each, reducing Republicans' supermajority in the House. Although Ohio Republicans won enough seats to overturn a gubernatorial veto, they no longer held the two-thirds majority needed in the House to unilaterally craft legislation.[94]

More information Party, Leader ...
Ohio Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Matt Huffman (term-limited) 26 24 Decrease 2
Democratic Nickie Antonio 7 9 Increase 2
Total 33 33 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Ohio House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Jason Stephens 67 65 Decrease 2
Democratic Allison Russo 32 34 Increase 2
Total 99 99 Steady
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Oklahoma

Main articles: 2024 Oklahoma Senate election and 2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Oklahoma Senate and all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Multiple Republican floor leaders lost in the primary election, as the far-right wing of the Republican party continued to gain ground in the legislature. The top three most powerful leaders in each chamber all either lost renomination or were term-limited, leading to a complete turnover in leadership.[95] Republicans maintained control of both chambers in the general election, with no seats changing hands between the two parties.[96]

More information Party, Leader ...
Oklahoma Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Greg Treat (term-limited) 40 40 Steady
Democratic Kay Floyd (term-limited) 8 8 Steady
Total 48 48 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Charles McCall (term-limited) 81 81 Steady
Democratic Cyndi Munson 20 20 Steady
Total 101 101 Steady
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Oregon

Main articles: 2024 Oregon Senate election and 2024 Oregon House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Oregon State Senate and all of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Six of the Republican Senators who were up for re-election were disqualified from the ballot over their participation in a 2023 legislative walkout.[97] Democrats maintained control of both chambers, gaining a supermajority in the Senate by flipping the seat of one of the disqualified Republicans.[98] Democrats flipped a seat in the House as well in a narrow upset, gaining a supermajority in that chamber as well.[99]

More information Party, Leader ...
Oregon State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Rob Wagner 17 18 Increase 1
Republican Daniel Bonham 11 12 Increase 1
Oregon Independent Brian Boquist (disqualified)[n] 1 0 Decrease 1
Independent Republican — 1 0 Decrease 1
Total 30 30 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Oregon House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Julie Fahey 35 36 Increase 1
Republican Jeff Helfrich 25 24 Decrease 1
Total 60 60 Steady
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Pennsylvania

Main articles: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate election and 2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Pennsylvania State Senate and all of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. In 2022, Democrats had won control of the House for the first time since 2008, although they could not seat their majority until February due to post-election vacancies.[101] The divided legislature faced significant partisan gridlock, passing the fewest laws in over a decade and failing to pass six pending constitutional amendments that required approval from two consecutive sessions.[102][103] In the general election, there was no net change in seat composition in either chamber, leaving Republicans with control of the Senate and Democrats with control of the House.[104]

More information Party, Leader ...
Pennsylvania State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Kim Ward 28 28 Steady
Democratic Jay Costa 22 22 Steady
Total 50 50 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joanna McClinton 102 102 Steady
Republican Bryan Cutler 101 101 Steady
Total 203 203 Steady
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Rhode Island

Main articles: 2024 Rhode Island Senate election and 2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Rhode Island Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats retained their supermajorites in both legislative chambers, ousting one incumbent in the Senate. No other incumbent lost re-election, with Republicans' net gain in the House coming from open seats. Most races were uncontested in the general election.[105][106]

More information Party, Leader ...
Rhode Island Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Dominick J. Ruggerio 33 34 Increase 1
Republican Jessica de la Cruz 5 4 Decrease 1
Total 38 38 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Rhode Island House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Joe Shekarchi 65 64 Decrease 1
Republican Michael Chippendale 9 10 Increase 1
Independent 1 1 Steady
Total 75 75 Steady
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South Carolina

Main articles: 2024 South Carolina Senate election and 2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the South Carolina Senate and the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The House underwent minor redistricting to settle racial gerrymandering claims against a district.[34] Republicans made considerable gains in the Senate, narrowly flipping four Democratic-held seats to establish a supermajority in the chamber while maintaining their supermajority in the House.[107]

More information Party, Leader ...
South Carolina Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Thomas C. Alexander 30 34 Increase 4
Democratic Brad Hutto 15 12 Decrease 3
Independent Mia McLeod 1 0 Decrease 1
Total 46 46 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
South Carolina House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Murrell Smith Jr. 88 88 Steady
Democratic Todd Rutherford 36 36 Steady
Total 124 124 Steady
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South Dakota

Main articles: 2024 South Dakota Senate election and 2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the South Dakota Senate and the South Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. About a dozen incumbent Republicans lost renomination in the primary election, primarily due to their support for a controversial carbon capture pipeline project. Challengers supported expanding the rights of property owners and were generally more conservative than the incumbents.[19] In the general election, Republicans expanded their supermajorities by flipping one seat in each chamber.[108] The newly elected legislators nominated more hardline conservatives to leadership positions in each chamber.[109]

More information Party, Leader ...
South Dakota Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Lee Schoenbeck (retired) 31 32 Increase 1
Democratic Reynold Nesiba (term-limited) 4 3 Decrease 1
Total 35 35 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
South Dakota House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Hugh Bartels (term-limited) 63 64 Increase 1
Democratic Oren Lesmeister (term-limited) 7 6 Decrease 1
Total 70 70 Steady
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Tennessee

Main articles: 2024 Tennessee Senate election and 2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Tennessee Senate and all of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. A universal school voucher proposal from governor Bill Lee loomed over the Republican primary with mixed results. Some voucher opponents lost renomination, while others defeated their challengers. Democrats sought to use their own opposition to vouchers to bolster their general election campaign.[110] These gains never materialized, however, as no seat changed partisan control, allowing Republicans to maintain their supermajorities in the legislature.[111]

More information Party, Leader ...
Tennessee Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Randy McNally 27 27 Steady
Democratic Raumesh Akbari 6 6 Steady
Total 33 33 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Tennessee House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Cameron Sexton 75 75 Steady
Democratic Karen Camper 24 24 Steady
Total 99 99 Steady
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Texas

Main articles: 2024 Texas Senate election and 2024 Texas House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Texas Senate and all of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. House Republicans experienced considerable intraparty strife over issues such as school vouchers and the 2023 impeachment of Ken Paxton, the state's attorney general. Retirements and primary battles left over 30 seats open for the general election.[112][42] Republicans made minor gains in both legislative chambers, flipping two House seats and one Senate seat in the heavily Hispanic and historically-Democratic Rio Grande Valley.[43]

The elected legislature would eventually pass school voucher legislation among many other conservative priorities.[113] Later, they would pass legislation to redraw the state's congressional districts at the request of Donald Trump, kicking off a nationwide flurry of mid-decade redistricting.[114]

More information Party, Leader ...
Texas Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Charles Schwertner 19 20 Increase 1
Democratic Carol Alvarado 12 11 Decrease 1
Total 31 31 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Texas House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Dade Phelan 87 88 Increase 1
Democratic Trey Martinez Fischer 63 62 Decrease 1
Total 150 150 Steady
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Utah

Main articles: 2024 Utah Senate election and 2024 Utah House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Utah State Senate and all of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained supermajority control of both chambers as neither experienced a net change in partisan composition.[115]

More information Party, Leader ...
Utah Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican J. Stuart Adams 23 23 Steady
Democratic Luz Escamilla 6 6 Steady
Total 29 29 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Utah House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Mike Schultz 61 61 Steady
Democratic Angela Romero 14 14 Steady
Total 75 75 Steady
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Vermont

Main articles: 2024 Vermont Senate election and 2024 Vermont House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

All of the seats of the Vermont Senate and the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the Democratic supermajorities in each.[116] Democrats lost more legislative seats in Vermont than in any other state in the country despite Kamala Harris' landslide victory in the state in the concurrent presidential election. Republican governor Phil Scott, who also won re-election in a landslide, campaigned heavily for downballot Republicans, tapping into voter discontent with issues such as housing affordability, school funding, and rising taxes.[117]

More information Party, Leader ...
Vermont Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Philip Baruth 22 16 Decrease 6
Republican Randy Brock 7 13 Increase 6
Progressive Tanya Vyhovsky 1 1 Steady
Total 30 30 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Vermont House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Jill Krowinski 105 87 Decrease 18
Republican Patricia McCoy 37 56 Increase 19
Progressive Taylor Small (retired) 4 4 Steady
Independent — 3 3 Steady
Libertarian Jarrod Sammis 1 0 Decrease 1
Total 150 150 Steady
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Washington

Main articles: 2024 Washington State Senate election and 2024 Washington House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Washington State Senate and all of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Minor, but highly controversial, redistricting took place in central Washington after a federal judge ordered it over allegations of dilution of Hispanic voting power in the region.[27] Despite one of the newly redrawn districts ostensibly favoring Democrats much more than before, Republicans swept the Senate and both House races in the district, leading to no net change as a result of the redistricting.[118] Democrats made gains in other parts of the state, however, flipping one seat in each chamber.[119][120]

More information Party, Leader ...
Washington State Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Karen Keiser 29 30 Increase 1
Republican John Braun 20 19 Decrease 1
Total 49 49 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Washington House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Laurie Jinkins 58 59 Increase 1
Republican Drew Stokesbary 40 39 Decrease 1
Total 98 98 Steady
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West Virginia

Main articles: 2024 West Virginia Senate election and 2024 West Virginia House of Delegates election
Senate results
House of Delegates results

Half of the seats of the West Virginia Senate and all of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2024. Republicans expanded their supermajorities in both legislative chambers, flipping three open Democratic-held seats in the general election.[121]

More information Party, Leader ...
West Virginia Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Craig Blair (lost renomination) 31 32 Increase 1
Democratic Mike Woelfel 3 2 Decrease 1
Total 34 34 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
West Virginia House of Delegates
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Roger Hanshaw 89 91 Increase 2
Democratic Sean Hornbuckle 11 9 Decrease 2
Total 100 100 Steady
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Wisconsin

Main articles: 2024 Wisconsin Senate election and 2024 Wisconsin State Assembly election
Senate results
State Assembly results

Half of the seats of the Wisconsin Senate and all of the seats of the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Redistricting ordered by the Wisconsin Supreme Court completely reshuffled the state's legislative districts, leaving dozens of seats across both chambers with no incumbents. The new maps were considered more favorable to Democrats than the previous maps.[122] Aided by this favorable redistricting, Democrats made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the supermajority in the Senate, though Republicans still maintained legislative control.[123]

More information Party, Leader ...
Wisconsin Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Chris Kapenga 22 18 Decrease 4
Democratic Dianne Hesselbein 11 15 Increase 4
Total 33 33 Steady
Close
More information Party, Leader ...
Wisconsin State Assembly
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Robin Vos 64 54 Decrease 10
Democratic Greta Neubauer 35 45 Increase 10
Total 99 99 Steady
Close

Wyoming

Main articles: 2024 Wyoming Senate election and 2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election
Senate results
House of Representatives results

Half of the seats of the Wyoming Senate and all of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The far-right freedom caucus of the Wyoming Republican Party ousted several incumbents in the Republican primaries. In the general election, despite a Democratic gain in a majority-native district, the freedom caucus won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives.[21] The Republican supermajority in the Senate remained unchanged.

More information Party, Leader ...
Wyoming Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Ogden Driskill 29 29 Steady
Democratic Chris Rothfuss 2 2 Steady
Total 31 31 Steady
Close
More information Party, Leader ...
Wyoming House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Albert Sommers (retired) 57 56 Decrease 1
Democratic Mike Yin 5 6 Increase 1
Total 62 62 Steady
Close

Territorial and federal district summaries

American Samoa

Main article: 2024 American Samoan general election

All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.

Guam

Main article: 2024 Guamanian legislative election

All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election in 2024 for two-year terms. Republicans won control of the legislature for the first time since 2006.[124]

More information Party, Leader ...
Guam Legislature
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Frank Blas 6 9 Increase 3
Democratic Therese M. Terlaje 9 6 Decrease 3
Total 15 15 Steady
Close

Northern Mariana Islands

Main article: 2024 Northern Mariana Islands general election

A portion of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate, and all of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve either four-year terms, while members of the House serve two-year terms.

More information Party, Leader ...
Northern Mariana Islands Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
Republican Francisco Cruz 4 4 Steady
Independent Corina Magofna 3 3 Steady
Democratic Edith DeLeon Guerrero 2 2 Steady
Total 9 9 Steady
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More information Party, Leader ...
Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
Independent Edmund Villagomez 13 16 Increase 3
Democratic Ed Propst (retired) 4 2 Decrease 2
Republican Patrick San Nicolas 3 2 Decrease 1
Total 20 20 Steady
Close

Puerto Rico

Main articles: 2024 Puerto Rico Senate election and 2024 Puerto Rico House of Representatives election

All of the seats of the Senate of Puerto Rico and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico were up for election in 2024. Members of both chambers serve four-year terms. The New Progressive Party won control of the legislature from the Popular Democratic Party.[125][126]

More information Party, Leader ...
Puerto Rico Senate
Party Leader Before After Change
New Progressive Thomas Rivera Schatz 10 19 Increase 9
Popular Democratic José Luis Dalmau 12 5 Decrease 7
Puerto Rican Independence María de Lourdes Santiago 1 2 Increase 1
Project Dignity Joanne Rodríguez Veve 1 1 Steady
Independent Vargas Vidot 1 1 Steady
Citizen's Victory Movement Ana Irma Rivera Lassén (retired) 2 0 Decrease 2
Total 27 28 Increase 1
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More information Party, Leader ...
Puerto Rico House of Representatives
Party Leader Before After Change
New Progressive Carlos Johnny Méndez 21 36 Increase 15
Popular Democratic Tatito Hernández (retired) 25 13 Decrease 12
Puerto Rican Independence Denis Márquez Lebrón 1 1 Steady
Project Dignity Lisie Burgos Muñiz 1 1 Steady
Citizen's Victory Movement Mariana Nogales Molinelli 2 0 Decrease 2
Independent Luis Raúl Torres Cruz 1 0 Decrease 1
Total 51 51 Steady
Close

U.S. Virgin Islands

Main article: 2024 United States Virgin Islands general election

All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election in 2024. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term.

More information Party, Leader ...
Virgin Islands Legislature
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Novelle Francis 11 12 Increase 1
Independent Dwayne DeGraff 4 3 Decrease 1
Total 15 15 Steady
Close

Washington, D.C.

Main article: 2024 Council of the District of Columbia election

The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats were up for election in 2024. Council members serve four-year terms.

More information Party, Leader ...
District of Columbia Council
Party Leader Before After Change
Democratic Phil Mendelson 11 11 Steady
Independent 2 2 Steady
Total 13 13 Steady
Close

Special elections

Total net change in legislative seats due to special elections in 2024

There were fifty-four state legislative special elections scheduled for 2024.[127] Democrats gained a net of one seat in special elections prior to the November general election, picking up a seat in the Alabama House of Representatives and the Florida House of Representatives.[128][129] Republicans gained one seat in the New Hampshire House of Representatives as well. Democrats gained a seat in the North Dakota House of Representatives and a seat in the North Dakota Senate in elections that were held concurrently with the general election.[130]

Additional special elections proved decisive in determining control of multiple legislative chambers. Special election victories enabled Democrats to retain control of the Michigan House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania House of Representatives multiple times throughout the year.[131][132][133] Republicans additionally maintained control of the New Hampshire House of Representatives through the numerous special elections held in the state. A competitive November special election in for the Minnesota Senate, which did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2024, reaffirmed Democrats' control of that chamber through the 2026 election.[134]

Alabama

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 16 Kyle South Republican 2014 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president and CEO of the Chamber of Commerce of West Alabama.[135]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
House 55 Fred Plump Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned May 23, 2023, after being charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud and obstruction of justice.[137]
New member elected outright after the January 9, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.
House 10 David Cole Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned August 31, 2023, after being charged with voter fraud.[139]
New member elected March 26, 2024.
Democratic gain.
Senate 9 Clay Scofield Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned October 30, 2023, to become executive vice president of the Business Council of Alabama.[141]
New member elected outright after the April 23, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 27 Wes Kitchens Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned January 23, 2024, to join the State Senate.[143]
New member elected outright after the July 16, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Republican hold.
House 52 John Rogers Democratic 1982 Incumbent resigned March 13, 2024, after being charged with conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice.[145]
New member elected October 1, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

Connecticut

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 115 Dorinda Keenan Borer Democratic 2017
(special)		 Incumbent resigned December 2, 2023, to become mayor of West Haven.[147]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Bill Heffernan (Democratic) 55.7%
  • ▌Silvana Apicella (Republican) 22.7%
  • ▌Ed O'Brien (Independent) 21.6%[148]
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Florida

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 35 Fred Hawkins Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president of South Florida State College.[149]
New member elected January 16, 2024.
Democratic gain.
Senate 24 Bobby Powell Democratic 2016 Incumbent resigned November 4, 2024, to run for Palm Beach County Commission.[151]
New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.
Close

Georgia

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 125 Barry Fleming Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, to become a Columbia Judicial District Superior Court judge.[153]
New member elected March 12, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
Senate 30 Mike Dugan Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 3, 2024, to focus on his campaign for Georgia's 3rd congressional district.[155]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Tim Bearden (Republican) 58.9%
  • ▌Ashley Kecskes Godwin (Democratic) 17.2%
  • ▌Bob Smith (Republican) 12.8%
  • ▌Renae Bell (Republican) 11.2%[156]
House 139 Richard H. Smith Republican 2004 Incumbent died January 30, 2024, from influenza.[157]
New member elected May 7, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on April 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
Close

Hawaii

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 5 Gilbert Keith-Agaran Democratic 2013
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned October 31, 2023, to focus on litigation about the 2023 Hawaii wildfires.[159]
Interim appointee elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.[o]
Democratic hold.
Close

Illinois

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 5 Patricia Van Pelt Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned August 1, 2023, due to health issues.[162]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[p]
Democratic hold.
Senate 20 Cristina Pacione-Zayas Democratic 2020
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson's deputy chief of staff.[165]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[q]
Democratic hold.
Senate 27 Ann Gillespie Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned April 14, 2024, after being appointed as director of the Illinois Department of Insurance.[167]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[r]
Democratic hold.
Senate 53 Jason Barickman Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 11, 2023, due to increased work obligations outside of the legislature.[169]
New member elected November 5, 2024.[s]
Republican hold.
Close

Kentucky

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 24 Brandon Reed Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned January 15, 2024, to become executive director of the Kentucky Office of Agricultural Policy.[171]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Courtney Gilbert (Republican) 62.5%
  • ▌John Pennington (Democratic) 22.7%
  • ▌Craig Astor (write-in) 14.9%[172]
House 26 Russell Webber Republican 2012 Incumbent resigned January 2, 2024, to become deputy treasurer of Kentucky.[173]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.
Close

Maine

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 122 Lois Reckitt Democratic 2016 Incumbent died October 30, 2023, of colon cancer.[174]
New member elected March 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Matthew D. Beck (Democratic) 74.4%
  • ▌Brendan Williams (Independent) 14.8%
  • ▌Tristram Howard (Independent) 10.8%[175]
Close

Massachusetts

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House Worcester 6 Peter Durant Republican 2011
(special)		 Incumbent resigned November 29, 2023, to join the State Senate.[176]
New member elected March 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
Close

Michigan

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 13 Lori Stone Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 19, 2023 to become mayor of Warren.[178]
New member elected April 16, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Mai Xiong (Democratic) 65.6%
  • ▌Ronald Singer (Republican) 34.4%[179]
House 25 Kevin Coleman Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 13, 2023, to become mayor of Westland.[180]
New member elected April 16, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Peter Herzberg (Democratic) 59.6%
  • ▌Josh Powell (Republican) 38.3%
  • ▌Robert Stano (U.S. Taxpayers) 2.1%[179]
Close

Minnesota

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 27B Kurt Daudt Republican 2010 Incumbent resigned February 11, 2024.[181]
New member elected March 19, 2024.
Republican hold.
Senate 45 Kelly Morrison DFL 2022 Incumbent resigned June 6, 2024, to focus on her campaign for Minnesota's 3rd congressional district.[183]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

New Hampshire

Main article: 2023–2024 New Hampshire state legislative special elections
More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House Coos 1 Troy Merner Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned September 19, 2023, after moving out of his district.[185]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Sean Durkin (Republican) 60.2%
  • ▌Cathleen Fountain (Democratic) 39.8%[148]
House Coos 6 William Hatch Democratic 2006 Incumbent resigned September 18, 2023, due to health issues.[186]
New member elected January 23, 2024.
Republican gain.
House Strafford 11 Hoy Menear Democratic 2022 Incumbent died November 13, 2023.[187]
New member elected March 12, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House Rockingham 21 Robin Vogt Democratic 2022 Incumbent resigned December 1, 2023, after moving out of his district.[189]
New member elected March 12, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

New York

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Assembly 77 Latoya Joyner Democratic 2014 Incumbent resigned January 8, 2024, to take a job outside of government.[190]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Landon Dais (Democratic) 74.6%
  • ▌▌Norman McGill (Republican) 20.1%
  • ▌Write-in 5.3%[191]
Close

North Dakota

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative(s) Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 9
(2 seats)		 Jayme Davis
Redistricted from District 9A		 Democratic-NPL 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[192]
Members elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic-NPL gain.
  • ▌Green tickY Jayme Davis (Democratic-NPL) 32.2%
  • ▌Green tickY Collette Brown (Democratic-NPL) 24.4%
  • ▌David Brien (Republican) 24.1%
  • ▌Robert Graywater (Republican) 19.3%[193]
House 15
(2 seats)		 Kathy Frelich
Donna Henderson
Redistricted from District 9B		 Republican 2022
2022		 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[192]
Members re-elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
House 23 Scott Dyk Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned April 7, 2024, due to family health issues.[194]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[t]
Republican hold.
Senate 9 Judy Estenson
Redistricted from District 15		 Republican 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[192]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic-NPL gain.
Senate 15 Kent Weston
Redistricted from District 9		 Republican 2022 Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.[192]
Member re-elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
Close

Ohio

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 33 Michael Rulli Republican 2018 Incumbent resigned June 12, 2024, after being elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.[196]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[u]
Republican hold.
Close

Oklahoma

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 39 Ryan Martinez Republican 2016 Incumbent resigned September 1, 2023, after pleading guilty to driving while under the influence.[199]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Erick Harris (Republican) 50.4%
  • ▌Regan Raff (Democratic) 45.1%
  • ▌Richard Prawdzienski (Libertarian) 4.5%[200]
Senate 46 Kay Floyd Democratic 2014 Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, due to term limits.[201]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Mark Mann (Democratic) 60.4%
  • ▌Charles Barton (Republican) 34.3%
  • ▌David Pilchman (Independent) 5.3%[202]
Senate 48 George E. Young Democratic 2018 Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024.[203]
New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled.
Democratic hold.
Close

Pennsylvania

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 140 John Galloway Democratic 2006 Incumbent resigned December 14, 2023, to become a district court judge.[205]
New member elected February 13, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 139 Joseph Adams Republican 2022 Incumbent resigned February 9, 2024, due to urgent family medical needs.[207]
New member elected April 23, 2024.
Republican hold.
House 195 Donna Bullock Democratic 2015
(special)		 Incumbent resigned July 15, 2024, to become CEO of Project H.O.M.E.[209]
New member elected September 17, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 201 Stephen Kinsey Democratic 2012 Incumbent resigned July 16, 2024.[209]
New member elected September 17, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

South Carolina

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 19 John L. Scott Jr. Democratic 2008 Incumbent died August 13, 2023, from blood clot issues.[211]
New member elected January 2, 2024.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Tameika Isaac Devine (Democratic) 86.0%
  • ▌Kizzie Smalls (Republican) 9.7%
  • ▌Michael Addison (Forward) 2.7%
  • ▌Chris Nelums (United Citizens) 1.6%[212]
House 109 Deon Tedder Democratic 2020 Incumbent resigned November 7, 2023, to join the State Senate.[213]
New member elected April 2, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

Texas

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 2 Bryan Slaton Republican 2020 Incumbent resigned May 8, 2023, after facing calls for his expulsion following a scandal involving an inappropriate relationship with an intern; he was subsequently expelled on May 9, 2023.[215]
New member elected January 30, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 7, 2023.
Republican hold.
Senate 15 John Whitmire Democratic 1982 Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023 to become mayor of Houston.[217]
New member elected May 4, 2024.
Democratic hold.
House 56 Charles Anderson Republican 2004 Incumbent resigned August 15, 2024.[219]
New member elected November 5, 2024.
Republican hold.
  • ▌Green tickY Pat Curry (Republican) 68.5%
  • ▌Erin Shank (Democratic) 31.5%[220]
Close

Utah

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 12 Karen Mayne Democratic 2007
(appointed)		 Incumbent resigned January 16, 2023, due to health issues.[221]
Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024.[v]
Democratic hold.
Close

Virginia

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
House 48 Les Adams
Redistricted from the 16th district		 Republican 2013 Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024.[224]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
Senate 9 Frank Ruff
Redistricted from the 15th district		 Republican 2000
(special)		 Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, after being diagnosed with cancer.[226]
New member elected January 9, 2024.
Republican hold.
Close

Wisconsin

More information District, Incumbent ...
District Incumbent This race
Chamber No. Representative Party First
elected		 Results Candidates
Senate 4 Lena Taylor Democratic 2004 Incumbent resigned January 26, 2024, to become a Milwaukee County Circuit Court judge.[228]
New member elected July 30, 2024.
Democratic hold.
Close

See also

Notes

  1. [a]
    The Alaska House of Representatives prior to the 2024 elections is controlled by a coalition of 20 Republicans, 2 Democrats, and 1 Independent.
  2. [b]
    The Alaska Senate prior to the 2024 elections is controlled by a grand coalition of 9 Democrats and 8 Republicans.
  3. [c]
    The Minnesota House of Representatives became tied after the election, so it is not counted towards either total.
  4. [d]
    A coalition of 14 Democrats, 5 Independents, and 2 Republicans will control the Alaska House of Representatives.[1]
  5. [e]
    A coalition of 9 Democrats and 5 Republicans will control the Alaska Senate.
  6. [f]
    The upper houses of Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas use a 2-4-4 term length system.
  7. [g]
    These figures represent the seats of Nebraska's unicameral legislature.
  8. [h]
    The Minnesota Senate did not hold regularly-scheduled elections in 2024; however, a special election held concurrently with the November general election was set to decide control in the narrowly-divided chamber.
  9. [i]
    Sabato's Crystal Ball additionally uses the "Likely" characterization to indicate chambers where a shift in control is unlikely, but the minority party could make significant gains and/or break a legislative supermajority.
  10. [j]
    CNalysis has two separate sets of predictions: Classic (Analyst ratings only), and Expanded (Classic alongside recent statewide election results). This table uses the Classic set.
  11. [k]
    Counts seats that were vacant prior to the election towards the party that last held them
  12. [l]
    Counts seats in the officially nonpartisan Nebraska legislature towards the party that endorsed each candidate
  13. [m]
    Consists of representative David Eastman, who is not a member of the Republican caucus.
  14. [n]
    Per Oregon Ballot Measure 113, Boquist exceeded the ten allotted unexcused absences allowed before being barred from running for reelection.[100]
  15. [o]
    Troy Hashimoto was appointed as interim senator on November 9, 2023.[160]
  16. [p]
    Lakesia Collins was appointed as interim senator on August 16, 2023.[163]
  17. [q]
    Natalie Toro was appointed as interim senator on July 11, 2023.[166]
  18. [r]
    Mark L. Walker was appointed as interim senator on May 11, 2024.[168]
  19. [s]
    Thomas M. Bennett was appointed as interim senator on January 9, 2023.[170]
  20. [t]
    Dennis Nehring was appointed as interim representative on April 30, 2024.[195]
  21. [u]
    Alessandro Cutrona was appointed as interim senator on June 26, 2024.[197]
  22. [v]
    Karen Kwan was appointed as interim senator on January 16, 2023.[222]

References

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