3C 303.1
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| 3C 303.1 | |
|---|---|
 Pan-STARRS image of 3C 303.1 | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Ursa Minor |
| Right ascension | 14h 43m 14.56s[1] |
| Declination | +77° 07′ 27.71″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.270400[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 81,064 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 3.245 Gly |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 19 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | NLRG;HEG AGN2[1] |
| Other designations | |
| 4C +77.13, LEDA 2821949, NVSS J144314+770726, 6C B144354.1+772003, 8C 1443+773, S5 1443+77, NRAO 0453, WN B1443.9+7720[1] | |
3C 303.1 is a Seyfert type 2 galaxy located in the constellation of Ursa Minor. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.270[1][2] and it was first discovered in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962, where it was identified with a galaxy counterpart in October 1980.[3][4]
3C 303.1 is a radio galaxy with a strong compact steep spectrum (CSS) source.[5][6][7] The host galaxy has a central nucleus that is elongated with two dust lanes obscuring it on both sides.[8] The inner part of the structure is complicated, with the major axis of the isophotes twisted by more than 35°, and has a high surface brightness structure located southeast from the nucleus, implying the galaxy might be in the stages of an ongoing merger.[9] The total ultraviolet luminosity and radio power of the galaxy is estimated to be 8.66 ± 0.66 L☉ and 25.86 Hz, with studies suggesting it underwent a burst of star formation around 10 million years ago.[6]
Radio imaging shows the source has an asymmetric double structure.[10][11] The structure has two radio lobes located southeast and northwest, of similar morphologies but different flux densities.[12][11] Two components are present in the source, made up of a highly polarized northern component reaching polarization levels of around 20% and a lowly polarized bright southern component with polarization levels of only 1%. No evidence of a radio core is detected.[11]
Imaging by the European VLBI Network have shown the source to have an elliptical structure with compact knots, in which an elongated feature emerges within from westward direction. An extended radio jet is found present on the western side of the source via combined imaging with the European VLBI Network and MERLIN.[13] There is low surface brightness radio emission and a faint component described as remains of a low brightness feature that is located at the position angle of -41°.[13] Chandra X-ray Observatory found presence of X-ray emission in the galaxy.[14]
The galaxy has an elongated emission-line nebula region.[12][15] When observed, the region is found to display an S-shaped morphology with a bright inner structure orienting along the position angle of 40°, before changing its direction to north-south and extending by three milliarcseconds. A blob region is seen being dominated by its line emission while an arc-like structure is found perpendicular and located in the direction of south of its nucleus.[12] Studies also showed its emission-lines might be photoionized by the extended shocked gas with the gas luminosity contributing between 30% and 70%.[16]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NED Search results for 3C 303.1". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
- ↑ "ATel #10021: New redshift determinations for three 3C radio sources". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 2025-09-14.
- ↑ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.
- ↑ Smith, H. E.; Spinrad, H. (October 1980). "An update of the status of the revised 3C catalog of radio sources; 22 new galaxy redshifts". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 92: 553–569. Bibcode:1980PASP...92..553S. doi:10.1086/130711. ISSN 0004-6280.
- ↑ O'Dea, Christopher P.; Mu, Bo; Worrall, D. M.; Kastner, Joel; Baum, Stefi; de Vries, Willem H. (December 2006). "XMM-Newton Detection of X-Ray Emission from the Compact Steep-Spectrum Radio Galaxy 3C 303.1". The Astrophysical Journal. 653 (2): 1115–1120. arXiv:astro-ph/0608320. Bibcode:2006ApJ...653.1115O. doi:10.1086/508705. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 Labiano, A.; O'Dea, C. P.; Barthel, P. D.; Vries, W. H. de; Baum, S. A. (2008-01-01). "Star formation in the hosts of GHz peaked spectrum and compact steep spectrum radio galaxies" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 477 (2): 491–501. arXiv:astro-ph/0701619. Bibcode:2008A&A...477..491L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077112. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ O'Dea, C. P.; de Vries, W. H.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Baum, S. A.; Mack, J. (June 2002). "Jet-Cloud Interactions in Compact Radio Sources". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Serie de Conferencias. 13: 196–202. Bibcode:2002RMxAC..13..196O.
- ↑ de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Rottgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; Martel, Andre (July 2000). "The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 129 (1): 33–59. Bibcode:2000ApJS..129...33D. doi:10.1086/313402. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ de Vries, W. H.; O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Sparks, W. B.; Biretta, J.; de Koff, S.; Golombek, D.; Lehnert, M. D.; Macchetto, F.; McCarthy, P.; Miley, G. K. (June 1997). "Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Compact Steep Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 110 (2): 191–211. Bibcode:1997ApJS..110..191D. doi:10.1086/313001. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ McCarthy, Patrick J.; Spinrad, Hyron; van Breugel, Wil (July 1995). "Emission-Line Imaging of 3CR Radio Galaxies. I. Imaging Data". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 99: 27. Bibcode:1995ApJS...99...27M. doi:10.1086/192178. ISSN 0067-0049.
- 1 2 3 Ludke, E.; Garrington, S. T.; Spencer, R. E.; Akujor, C. E.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Sanghera, H. S.; Fanti, C. (September 1998). "MERLIN polarization observations of compact steep-spectrum sources at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 299 (2): 467–478. Bibcode:1998MNRAS.299..467L. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01843.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
- 1 2 3 Axon, D. J.; Capetti, A.; Fanti, R.; Morganti, R.; Robinson, A.; Spencer, R. (November 2000). "The Morphology of the Emission-Line Region Of Compact Steep-Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astronomical Journal. 120 (5): 2284–2299. arXiv:astro-ph/0006355. Bibcode:2000AJ....120.2284A. doi:10.1086/316838. ISSN 0004-6256.
- 1 2 Fanti, C.; Fanti, R.; Parma, P.; Schilizzi, R. T.; van Breugel, W. J. M. (February 1985). "Compact steep spectrum 3 CR radio sources. VLBI observations at 18 cm". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 143: 292–306. Bibcode:1985A&A...143..292F. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Massaro, F.; Harris, D. E.; Tremblay, G. R.; Axon, D.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O’Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G.; Sparks, W. (2010-04-13). "Chandra Observations of 3C Radio Sources With z < 0.3: Nuclei, Diffuse Emission, Jets, and Hotspots". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): 589–604. arXiv:1003.2438. Bibcode:2010ApJ...714..589M. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/1/589. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Privon, G. C.; O'Dea, C. P.; Baum, S. A.; Axon, D. J.; Kharb, P.; Buchanan, C. L.; Sparks, W.; Chiaberge, M. (April 2008). "WFPC2 LRF Imaging of Emission-Line Nebulae in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 175 (2): 423–461. arXiv:0710.3105. Bibcode:2008ApJS..175..423P. doi:10.1086/525024. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Labiano, A.; O'Dea, C. P.; Gelderman, R.; de Vries, W. H.; Axon, D. J.; Barthel, P. D.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Fanti, R.; Koekemoer, A. M.; Morganti, R.; Tadhunter, C. N. (June 2005). "HST/STIS low dispersion spectroscopy of three Compact Steep Spectrum sources. Evidence for jet-cloud interaction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 436 (2): 493–501. arXiv:astro-ph/0504330. Bibcode:2005A&A...436..493L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042425. ISSN 0004-6361.
External links
- 3C 303.1 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
- 3C 303.1 on SIMBAD
