3C 411
Radio galaxy located in the constellation Delphinus
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3C 411 is a high-excitation Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 radio galaxy (HEG)[2] located in the constellation of Delphinus. The estimated redshift for this galaxy is (z) 0.467[1][3] and it was first recorded in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962.[4] It was classified as an extragalactic radio source in 1974 by astronomers,[5] before being identified as an N galaxy, that is described to have a distant redshift based on an observation by Hyron Spinrad.[6]
| 3C 411 | |
|---|---|
Pan-STARRS image of 3C 411. | |
| Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Delphinus |
| Right ascension | 20h 22m 08.43s[1] |
| Declination | +10° 01′ 11.26″[1] |
| Redshift | 0.467000[1] |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | 140,003 km/s[1] |
| Distance | 4.947 Gly |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 19.70 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | N galaxy HEG[1] |
| Other designations | |
| 4C +09.67, PKS 2019+09, LEDA 2817722, PKS B2019+098, NVSS J202208+100110, OW +032, DA 512, NRAO 0627, TXS 2019+098[1] | |
Description
3C 411 is a broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG).[7] It is found to contain a double lobed source. When observed through radio mapping, the source is found to contain a radio emission bridge of low surface brightness connecting the components, with a nuclear point source dominating over the optical object.[6] Imaging by the Very Large Array (VLA) in 1984 showed the source is heavily depolarized with the radio spectrum steepening outside the location of its hotspots. A radio jet is also shown linking with a central component with the hotspot feature that is located in the western radio lobe.[8] At 15 GHz the source also shows signs of spectra steepening in both of its lobes.[9]
An observation conducted in 2014 by XMM Newton found 3C 411 is a flat-spectrum radio quasar. It is found to have a cold accretion disk around its central supermassive black hole. The estimated mass of the black hole is 3 × 107 M☉, and the object has a total flux density of 2.20 ± 0.16 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1. A double power-law component was also found in 3C 411, mainly made up of a hard component and a Seyfert type-like component.[10]
In March 2019 the object was thought to have a blazar core in its center. However when observed, its jet is shown as straight on a trajectory path with an inclination angle at 50°. Although Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations found the core as compact, it is found to be modelled by multiple jet components instead of a blazar jet, ruling out the possibly of it being classified as a blazar.[11]