6-Fluoro-DMT
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
6-Fluoro-DMT, also known as 6-fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is a serotonin receptor modulator and possible psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family related to dimethyltryptamine (DMT).[1][2]
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| Other names | 6-Fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; 6-Fluoro-DMT; 6-F-DMT; 6F-DMT |
| Drug class | Serotonin receptor modulator; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Possible psychedelic drug or hallucinogen |
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| Formula | C12H15FN2 |
| Molar mass | 206.264 g·mol−1 |
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Use and effects
6-Fluoro-DMT was not included nor mentioned in Alexander Shulgin's book TiHKAL (Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved).[3] However, he did briefly discuss it in an early literature review, but its properties and effects in humans were not described.[1]
The closely related compound 6-fluoro-DET has been found to be inactive in terms of psychedelic-type effects both in animals and humans.[4][5][6][3][7] Relatedly, it has been claimed that 6-fluoro-DMT is inactive as a psychedelic similarly to 6-fluoro-DET, though it is unclear whether this claim was based on actual testing or on extrapolation from 6-fluoro-DET and theoretical notions.[8] In the 1960s, it had been theorized by Stephen Szára and colleagues that psychedelic tryptamines were prodrugs that required 6-hydroxylation to become hallucinogenic, but this theory was later found to be incorrect.[9][10][11][12]
Indeed, the related compound 6-fluoro-AMT is known to be robustly active as a psychedelic.[13][14] Additionally, 6-fluoro-DMT robustly induces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents.[15][16] Likewise, HBL20016 (5-MeS-6-F-DMT), the 5-methylthio derivative of 6-fluoro-DMT, robustly produces the head-twitch response in rodents as well.[17][18]
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
| Target | Affinity (Ki, nM) |
|---|---|
| 5-HT1A | 693–865 (Ki) IA (EC50) |
| 5-HT1B | 218 |
| 5-HT1D | 55 |
| 5-HT1E | 461 |
| 5-HT1F | ND |
| 5-HT2A | 511–866 (Ki) 41–16,830 (EC50) 74% (Emax) |
| 5-HT2B | 30 |
| 5-HT2C | 674 (Ki) 1.252–5.816 (EC50) 105–131% (Emax) |
| 5-HT3 | >10,000 |
| 5-HT4 | ND |
| 5-HT5A | 961 |
| 5-HT6 | 26 |
| 5-HT7 | 41 |
| α1A | 173 |
| α1B | >10,000 |
| α1D | ND |
| α2A | >10,000 |
| α2B | 260 |
| α2C | 149 |
| β1 | >10,000 |
| β2 | >10,000 |
| β3 | ND |
| D1 | 547 |
| D2 | 610 |
| D3 | 867 |
| D4 | 1,454 |
| D5 | 6,291 |
| H1 | 47 |
| H2 | 925 |
| H3, H4 | >10,000 |
| M1–M5 | >10,000 |
| I1 | 898 |
| σ1 | 6,892 |
| σ2 | 7,128 |
| TAAR1 | ND |
| SERT | 145 (Ki) |
| NET | >10,000 (Ki) |
| DAT | >10,000 (Ki) |
| Notes: The smaller the value, the more avidly the drug binds to the site. All proteins are human unless otherwise specified. Refs: [19][2][15][16] | |
6-Fluoro-DMT is known to possess varying affinities for serotonin receptors, adrenergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, the imidazoline I1 receptor, sigma receptors, and the serotonin transporter (SERT).[2] It has been found to be a potent partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and a potent full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor.[2] In another study however, it showed affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors but was inactive as a serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist and showed low potency as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist.[15][16] On the other hand, it was only about 3-fold less potent than dimethyltryptamine (DMT) as a serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist in this study.[16] 6-Fluoro-DMT was less active than DMT in producing effects in early animal studies.[1][20] It robustly induces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents, with maximal efficacy greater than that of psilocin or 5-MeO-DMT but less than that of DMT.[15][16]
Chemistry
Analogues
Analogues of 6-fluoro-DMT include 6-fluorotryptamine, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 4-fluoro-DMT, 5-fluoro-DMT, 5-fluoro-AMT, 5-bromo-DMT, 5-chloro-DMT, bretisilocin (5-fluoro-MET), 6-fluoro-AMT, 6-fluoro-DET, 6-methyl-DMT, 6-MeO-DMT, 6-hydroxy-DMT, and HBL20016 (5-MeS-6-F-DMT), among others.
History
6-Fluoro-DMT was first described in the scientific literature by at least 1966.[1][20][8]