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Accession of Moldova to the European Union

Ongoing accession process of Moldova to the EU From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Accession of Moldova to the European Union (EU) is on the agenda for future enlargement of the EU.

StatusCandidate negotiating (screening complete)
Earliest possible entry2030
Potential candidate17 June 2022
Potential candidate17 June 2022
Quick facts Moldova to the European Union, Status ...
Accession of Moldova to the European Union
StatusCandidate negotiating (screening complete)
Earliest possible entry2030
Application
Potential candidate17 June 2022
Membership application3 March 2022
Candidate status23 June 2022
Screened & negotiations commence22 September 2025
Negotiations
Clusters unopen2
Chapters unopen9
Clusters open4
Chapters open24
Clusters closed0
Chapters closed0
Memberships & Treaties
Association Agreement
1 July 2016
Economic and monetary policy
EU Free Trade AgreementFree trade area part of the Moldova-EU Association Agreement
World Trade Organization (WTO)The Republic of Moldova has been a member of WTO since 26 July 2001[1]
Euro & the EurozoneThe euro is widely accepted in Moldova, although it has no formal approval, and the official currency of the country is the Moldovan leu
Travel
Energy
Energy CommunityMember since March 2010
EuratomThe Republic of Moldova has no nuclear power plants and research reactors and has no plans to introduce in the near future nuclear energy as an option for power generation or any research instrument.[2]
ENTSO-EMoldelectrica has been an Observer Member since 22 November 2023[3]
Foreign and military policy
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
  • Individual Partnership Action Plan since 19 May 2006
  • Neutrality is enshrined in Moldova's Constitution, meaning NATO accession is unlikely, excluding a constitutional reform
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)Member since 30 January 1992
Human rights and international courts
Council of Europe (CoE)Moldova became a member of the Council of Europe on 13 July 1995[4]
International Criminal Court (ICC)On 12 October 2010, the Republic of Moldova confirmed ratification of the Rome Statute[5]
International Court of Justice (ICJ)Moldova has been entitled to appear before the Court since 2 March 1992
Impact (27+1)
Population446,828,803450,900,630
Increase 0.5%
Area4,233,262 km2
1,634,472 mi2		4,267,105 km2
1,647,539 mi2
Increase 1%
incl. Transnistria
HDI0.8960.891 Decrease 0.5%
GDP (PPP)$25.399 trillion$25.447 trillion Increase 0.1%
GDP per capita (PPP)$56,928$56,437 Decrease 0.1%
GDP$17.818 trillion$17.834 trillion Increase 0.1%
GDP per capita$39,940$39,552 Decrease 0.1%
Gini30.029.86 Positive decrease 0.1%
Official Languages2424 (no changes)
Romanian is the official language of Moldova and it is already an official language of the EU since Romania acceded to the EU in 2007.
Close

Following an application by Moldova in March 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by the EU on 22 June 2022.

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[6] Accession negotiations officially began on 25 June 2024, simultaneously with those with Ukraine.[7][8] Moldova set a target date of 2028 for EU Accession.[9]

It is one of nine current EU candidate countries, together with Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey and Ukraine.

History

Main article: Moldova–European Union relations
Moldovan President Maia Sandu with President of the European Council Charles Michel in Brussels, 29 April 2024

European perspective

The European Parliament passed a resolution in 2014 stating that "in accordance with Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, as well as any other European country, have a European perspective and can apply for EU membership in compliance with the principles of democracy, respect for fundamental freedoms and human rights, minority rights and ensuring the rule of rights".[10]

Membership application

After the outbreak of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, President of Moldova Maia Sandu signed the application for EU membership on 3 March 2022, together with Igor Grosu, President of the Moldovan Parliament; and Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova.[11]

Questionnaire

On 11 April 2022, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova Nicu Popescu received a questionnaire from the European Commission (EC) following a meeting with the European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Olivér Várhelyi as a result of Moldova's application for candidacy.[12] The response to the first part of the questionnaire was submitted back to the EC through the Delegation of the European Union to Moldova's head Janis Mazeiks by the Prime Minister of Moldova Natalia Gavrilița on 22 April,[13] while the responses to the second part were submitted on 12 May 2022.[14]

Recommendation

On 17 June 2022, the European Commission formally recommended that the European Council grant the Republic of Moldova the perspective to become a member of the European Union and candidate status for accession, with a number of conditions for the opening of accession negotiations.[15]

In 2026, in a letter addressed to European Council President António Costa, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz argued that Moldova and the Western Balkan candidate states should be brought closer to the European Union through “innovative solutions” and an accelerated accession process. He proposed measures such as privileged access to the EU internal market, closer participation in EU institutions and gradual integration into specific EU policy areas prior to full membership.[16]

Candidacy

On 23 June 2022, Moldova received the status of candidate together with Ukraine. Both countries received candidate status under the commitment of structural reforms. Moldova's structural reforms include:

  1. improving economic efficiency
  2. reducing corruption
  3. better enforcing property rights
  4. reducing the size of state-owned enterprises
  5. improving energy efficiency
  6. improving the labour market

On 22 June 2023, EU Neighbourhood and Enlargement Commissioner Olivér Várhelyi provided an oral update on Moldova's progress toward the reforms.[17]

On 13 September 2023, during the State of the European Union Address, President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen stated that the future of Moldova is "in our Union".[18]

In its June 2024 EU enlargement report, the European Commission expressed concern over the dismissal of Octavian Armașu as governor of National Bank of Moldova as a risk to good governance and central bank independence in Moldova.[19][20] His dismissal was likewise scrutinised by the International Monetary Fund.[21][22]

On 20 October 2024, Moldova narrowly voted to amend its constitution to include the aim of becoming a European Union member state in the 2024 Moldovan European Union membership constitutional referendum.

On 28 September 2025, the pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity retained power in the parliamentary election.[23] This was welcomed by President von der Leyen as a vote for "Europe. Democracy. Freedom".[24]

On 11 July 2026, the new designated prime minister, Vasile Tofan, stated that the goal of his cabinet would be to sign an agreement on EU accession by the end of 2028.[25]

Negotiations

Maia Sandu with António Costa and Ursula von der Leyen in 2025

The 2023 enlargement package report was released by the European Commission on 8 November 2023, including updates on Moldova's acquis alignment and a recommendation for the Council to open accession negotiations.[26][27]

On 14 December 2023, the European Council decided to open accession negotiations with Moldova.[6] On 21 June 2024, the European Union agreed to start membership negotiations with Ukraine.[7][28] Accession negotiations officially opened on 25 June 2024, at the same time as those with Ukraine.[7][8] Accession negotiations on the first cluster, Fundamentals, were expected to be officially opened in April 2025.[29]

The screening process was completed on 22 September 2025. Informal opening of all chapters began on 17 March 2026 to bypass Hungary's veto, and the first cluster was officially opened on 15 June 2026.[30][31]

During the Third Accession Conference with Moldova on 14 July 2026, Cluster 6 (External Relations) was formally opened along with the two chapters inside of it: Chapter 30 (External Relations) and Chapter 31 (Foreign, Security & Defence Policy).[32]

During the COREPER meeting on 7 October 2026, the 27 EU ambassadors approved the screening letters for both Ukraine and Moldova for Cluster 2 (Internal Market) and Cluster 3 (Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth) after Hungary dropped its opposition amid the approval of legislation on the rights of the ethnic minorities in Ukraine by the Ukrainian parliament. Clusters 2 and 3 were formally opened during the 4th Accession Conference on 13 October 2026.[33]

The next step for Ukraine and Moldova is to open the two remaining clusters by December 2026 - Cluster 4 (Green Agenda and Sustainable Connectivity) and Cluster 5 (Resources, Agriculture and Cohesion).[34]

More information Progression, 33 / 33 100% complete ...
Chapter and screening dates
Progression33 / 33 33 / 33 24 / 33 0 / 33
Cluster Acquis chapter[35]Screening startedScreening completedChapter openedChapter closed
1. Fundamentals 5. Public Procurement2024-07-09[36]2024-07-11[37]2026-06-15[31]
18. Statistics2024-11-13[38]2024-11-14[39]2026-06-15[31]
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights2024-10-15[40]2024-10-17[41]2026-06-15[31]
24. Justice, Freedom & Security2024-09-23[42]2024-09-26[43]2026-06-15[31]
32. Financial Control2024-10-14[44]2024-10-142026-06-15[31]
2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods2025-02-18[45]2025-02-21[46][47]2026-10-13[48]
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers2024-12-03[49]2024-12-03[50]2026-10-13[48]
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services2024-12-05[51][52]2024-12-06[53]2026-10-13[48]
4. Free Movement of Capital2024-12-16[54]2024-12-16[55]2026-10-13[48]
6. Company Law2025-03-20[56]2025-03-20[57][58]2026-10-13[48]
7. Intellectual Property Law2024-12-17[59]2024-12-18[60][61]2026-10-13[48]
8. Competition Policy2025-01-20[62]2025-01-22[63]2026-10-13[48]
9. Financial Services2025-02-03[64][65]2025-02-04[66]2026-10-13[48]
28. Consumer & Health Protection2025-03-17[67]2025-03-19[68]2026-10-13[48]
3. Competitiveness and Inclusive Growth 10. Information Society & Media2025-03-27[69]2025-03-28[70]2026-10-13[48]
16. Taxation2025-05-15[71][72]2025-05-16[73][74]2026-10-13[48]
17. Economic & Monetary Policy2025-05-21[75][76]2025-05-21[77][78]2026-10-13[48]
19. Social Policy & Employment2025-04-03[79]2025-04-04[80]2026-10-13[48]
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy2025-05-22[81]2025-05-23[82]2026-10-13[48]
25. Science & Research2025-05-12[83]2025-05-12[84]2026-10-13[48]
26. Education & Culture2025-05-13[85][86]2025-05-13[87]2026-10-13[48]
29. Customs Union2025-04-07[88]2025-04-08[89]2026-10-13[48]
4. Green Agenda and Sustainable Connectivity 14. Transport Policy2025-06-10[90][91]2025-06-13[92]
15. Energy2025-07-10[93][94]2025-07-11[93][95]
21. Trans-European Networks2025-06-10[90][91]2025-07-11[92][96]
27. Environment & Climate Change2025-06-30[97][98]2025-07-04[98]
5. Resources, Agriculture and Cohesion 11. Agriculture & Rural Development2025-09-15[99]2025-09-17[99][100]
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy2025-09-08[99][101]2025-09-12[99][102]
13. Fisheries2025-06-02[99][103]2025-06-03[104]
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments2025-09-18[105]2025-09-19[106]
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions2025-09-22[107]2025-09-22[108]
6. External Relations 30. External Relations2025-02-05[109]2025-02-05[110]2026-07-14[32]
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy2025-03-21[111][112]2025-03-21[113]2026-07-14[32]
Others 34. InstitutionsN/AN/AN/AN/A
35. Other IssuesN/AN/AN/AN/A
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More information Acquis chapter, Status as of Nov 2025 ...
November 2025 European Commission Report[114]
Acquis chapterStatus as of Nov 2025Chapter Status as of October 2026
Overview3 chapters in early stage/with some preparation,
15 chapter with some level of preparation,
3 chapters with some/moderate preparation,
9 chapters with a moderate level of preparation,
1 chapter with moderate/good preparation,
2 chapters with a good level of preparation		9 chapters unopened,
24 chapters open.
1. Free Movement of Goods Moderately prepared Chapter open
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Some level of preparation Chapter open
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services Some level of preparation Chapter open
4. Free Movement of Capital Moderately prepared Chapter open
5. Public Procurement Some level of preparation Chapter open
6. Company Law Some level of preparation Chapter open
7. Intellectual Property Law Moderately prepared Chapter open
8. Competition Policy Some level of preparation Chapter open
9. Financial Services Some level of preparation Chapter open
10. Information Society & Media Some level of preparation Chapter open
11. Agriculture & Rural Development Early stage / Some Chapter unopened
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy Moderately prepared Chapter unopened
13. Fisheries Moderately prepared Chapter unopened
14. Transport Policy Some / Moderate Chapter unopened
15. Energy Moderate / Good Chapter unopened
16. Taxation Some level of preparation Chapter open
17. Economic & Monetary Policy Some level of preparation Chapter open
18. Statistics Some level of preparation Chapter open
19. Social Policy & Employment Some / Moderate Chapter open
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy Some level of preparation Chapter open
21. Trans-European Networks Some level of preparation Chapter unopened
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments Moderately prepared Chapter unopened
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights Some level of preparation Chapter open
24. Justice, Freedom & Security Some level of preparation Chapter open
25. Science & Research Moderately prepared Chapter open
26. Education & Culture Moderately prepared Chapter open
27. Environment & Climate Change Early stage / Some Chapter unopened
28. Consumer & Health Protection Some / Moderate Chapter open
29. Customs Union Good level of preparation Chapter open
30. External Relations Moderately prepared Chapter open
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy Good level of preparation Chapter open
32. Financial Control Some level of preparation Chapter open
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions Early stage / Some Chapter unopened
34. Institutions Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt
35. Other Issues Nothing to adopt Nothing to adopt
Legend:
  Well advanced
  Good / Well advanced
  Good level of preparation
  Moderate / Good
  Moderately prepared
  Some / Moderate
  Some level of preparation
  Early stage / Some
  Early stage
Close
More information Clusters, Acquis Chapter ...
Report history
ClustersAcquis ChapterFebruary 2023 Report[115] November 2023 Report[116] October 2024 Report[117] November 2025 Report[114]
1. Fundamentals Public administration reform - Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights- Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
24. Justice, Freedom & SecuritySome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
The existence of a functioning market economy - Early stage / Some Early stage / Some Some level of preparation
The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union - Early stage / Some Early stage / Some Early stage / Some
5. Public ProcurementEarly stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
18. StatisticsSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
32. Financial ControlEarly stage Early stage Early stage Some level of preparation
2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of GoodsSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared
2. Freedom of Movement For WorkersEarly stage Early stage Early stage Some level of preparation
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide ServicesSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
4. Free Movement of CapitalSome level of preparation Some / Moderate Some / Moderate Moderately prepared
6. Company LawEarly stage Early stage / Some Early stage / Some Some level of preparation
7. Intellectual Property LawSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared
8. Competition PolicySome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
9. Financial ServicesEarly stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
28. Consumer & Health ProtectionSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate
3. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth		 10. Digital transformation & MediaSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
16. TaxationEarly stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
17. Economic & Monetary PolicySome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
19. Social Policy & EmploymentEarly stage Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate
20. Enterprise & Industrial PolicySome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
25. Science & ResearchModerately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared
26. Education & CultureSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared
29. Customs UnionSome level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared Good level of preparation
4. Green agenda
and sustainable connectivity		 14. TransportSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some / Moderate
15. EnergySome level of preparation Some / Moderate Moderately prepared Moderate / Good
21. Trans-European NetworksSome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation
27. Environment & Climate ChangeEarly stage Early stage Early stage / Some Early stage / Some
5. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion		 11. Agriculture & Rural DevelopmentEarly stage Early stage Early stage Early stage / Some
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary PolicySome level of preparation Some level of preparation Some level of preparation Moderately prepared
13. FisheriesEarly stage Early stage Early stage Moderately prepared
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural InstrumentsEarly stage Early stage Some level of preparation Moderately prepared
33. Financial & Budgetary ProvisionsEarly stage Early stage Early stage Early stage / Some
6. External relations 30. External RelationsModerately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared Moderately prepared
31. Foreign, Security & Defence PolicyModerately prepared Moderate / Good Moderate / Good Good level of preparation
34. InstitutionsN/A N/A N/A N/A
35. Other IssuesN/A N/A N/A N/A
Average level1.72 1.9 1.99 2.39
Legend:
5 Well advanced
4.5 Good / Well advanced
4 Good level of preparation
3.5 Moderate / Good
3 Moderately prepared
2.5 Some / Moderate
2 Some level of preparation
1.5 Early stage / Some
1 Early stage
Close
More information Clusters, Acquis Chapter ...
Chapter progress by report year
ClustersAcquis Chapter November 2023 Report[116] October 2024 Report[117] November 2025 Report[114]
1. Fundamentals Public administration reform Some progress Some progress Some progress
23. Judiciary & Fundamental Rights Some progress Some progress Some progress
24. Justice, Freedom & Security Some progress Some progress Some progress
The existence of a functioning market economy - Some progress Good progress
The capacity to cope with competitive pressure and market forces within the Union - Limited progress Some progress
5. Public Procurement Some progress Some progress Some progress
18. Statistics Limited progress Good progress Good progress
32. Financial Control Some progress Some progress Good progress
2. Internal Market 1. Free Movement of Goods Limited progress Limited progress Some progress
2. Freedom of Movement For Workers Limited progress Limited progress Good progress
3. Right of Establishment & Freedom To Provide Services Limited progress Limited progress Good progress
4. Free Movement of Capital Some progress Some progress Good progress
6. Company Law Limited progress Limited progress Good progress
7. Intellectual Property Law Limited progress Some progress Some progress
8. Competition Policy Limited progress Limited progress Some progress
9. Financial Services Good progress Some progress Some progress
28. Consumer & Health Protection Limited progress Some progress Some progress
3. Competitiveness
and inclusive growth		 10. Digital transformation & Media Good progress Some progress Good progress
16. Taxation Good progress Good progress Good progress
17. Economic & Monetary Policy Some progress Limited progress Some progress
19. Social Policy & Employment Some progress Some progress Good progress
20. Enterprise & Industrial Policy Some progress Some progress Some progress
25. Science & Research Some progress Some progress Good progress
26. Education & Culture Some progress Good progress Good progress
29. Customs Union Some progress Good progress Good progress
4. Green agenda
and sustainable connectivity		 14. Transport Limited progress Some progress Some progress
15. Energy Good progress Good progress Very good progress
21. Trans-European Networks Some progress Some progress Some progress
27. Environment & Climate Change Some progress Good progress Some progress
5. Resources, agriculture
and cohesion		 11. Agriculture & Rural Development Some progress Some progress Some progress
12. Food Safety, Veterinary & Phytosanitary Policy Some progress Some progress Some progress
13. Fisheries Limited progress No progress Good progress
22. Regional Policy & Coordination of Structural Instruments Limited progress Some progress Some progress
33. Financial & Budgetary Provisions Limited progress No progress Some progress
6. External relations 30. External Relations Some progress Some progress Some progress
31. Foreign, Security & Defence Policy Good progress Good progress Good progress
34. Institutions N/A N/A N/A
35. Other Issues N/A N/A N/A
Average progress 1.79 1.89 2.47
Legend: chapter progress ratings are assigned scores from -4 to 4 to calculate the "Average progress" row.
4 Very good progress
3 Good progress
2 Some progress
1 Limited progress
0 No progress
-4 Backsliding
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Challenges

According to Octavian Calmîc, who served as Moldova's Minister of Economy from 2016 to 2017, the accession of Moldova to the EU presents potential benefits but also risks. These include the loss of agricultural productivity due to the concentration of land ownership and business operations in multinational corporations, similar to what has occurred in other EU countries. Calmîc has said that the loss of agricultural productivity could lead to a reduction in domestic food production and job losses in rural areas. Additionally, Moldova's local industries face challenges, particularly the risk of decreased competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, which could result in plant closures and unemployment. Furthermore, the energy sector is vulnerable, as Moldova may face high energy prices and a lack of investment in energy infrastructure, according to Calmîc.[118]

Treaties

Association Agreement

Main article: Moldova–European Union Association Agreement

The EU Association Agreement (AA) was initialed on 29 November 2013 in Brussels.[119] It was signed on 27 June 2014 and was being provisionally applied (in particular the DCFTA) starting 1 September 2014.

On 1 July 2016, the Association Agreement (AA) between the European Union and the Republic of Moldova fully came into force, following ratification by all 31 signatories.[120]

The parties committed to co-operate and converge economic policy, legislation, and regulation across a broad range of areas, including equal rights for workers, the exchange of information and staff in the area of justice, the modernisation of Moldova's energy infrastructure,[121] and access to the European Investment Bank.[122] The parties committed to regular summit meetings, and meetings among ministers, other officials, and experts.[123]

The Association Agreement commits Moldova to economic, judicial and financial reforms to converge its policies and legislation to those of the European Union.[124]

The 30 parties are Moldova, the EU and Euratom and the 27 EU members.[125]

Ratification

More information Signatory, Date ...
Ratification history
Signatory Date Institution In favour Against AB Deposited[126] Reference
Austria 8 July 2015 National Council Approved 28 August 2015 [127]
23 July 2015 Federal Council Approved [127]
Presidential Assent Granted
Belgium
23 April 2015 Chamber of Representatives 102 17 18 1 February 2016 [128][129]
Royal Assent (federal law)
1 July 2015
Walloon
Parliament		 (regional)
(community)
 63 2 4 [130]
61 2 4 [130]
22 June 2015 German-speaking Community 16 2 1 [131]
24 June 2015 French Community 71 0 8 [132]
20 November 2015 Brussels Regional Parliament 69 3 3 [133][134]
20 November 2015
Brussels United
Assembly[135]		 (FR language)
(NL language)
 53 3 1 [136][137]
14 0 2 [136][137]
17 June 2015
Flemish
Parliament		 (regional)
(community)
 83 18 [138]
88 19 [138]
24 June 2015 COCOF Assembly 71 0 8 [139][140]
Bulgaria 24 July 2014 National Assembly 91 0 0 9 September 2014 [141]
28 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [142]
Croatia 12 December 2014 Parliament 119 0 0 24 March 2015 [143]
18 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [144]
Cyprus 7 May 2015 House of Representatives Approved 18 August 2015 [145]
22 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [146]
Czech Republic 18 March 2015 Senate 53 0 10 12 June 2015 [147]
9 April 2015 Chamber of Deputies 122 0 6 [147]
19 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [148]
Denmark 18 December 2014 Parliament 101 8 0 18 February 2015 [149]
Estonia 4 November 2014 Assembly 62 0 0 12 January 2015 [150][151]
13 November 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [152]
European Union European Union and EAEC 13 November 2014 European Parliament 535 94 44 19 April 2016 (EAEC)
23 May 2016 (EU)		 [153]
Council of the European Union
Finland 10 March 2015 Parliament Approved 6 May 2015 [154]
24 April 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [155]
France 3 March 2015 Senate Approved 3 July 2015 [156]
16 April 2015 National Assembly Approved [156]
27 April 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [156]
Germany 8 May 2015 Bundesrat Approved 22 July 2015 [157]
26 March 2015 Federal Diet Approved [158]
27 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [159]
Greece 18 November 2015 Parliament Approved 6 January 2016 [160]
24 November 2015 Presidential Promulgation Granted [161]
Hungary 25 November 2014 National Assembly 133 0 6 7 April 2015 [162]
5 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [162]
Republic of Ireland Ireland 27 January 2015 Dáil Éireann 58 19 0 17 April 2015 [163]
Italy 26 November 2015 Senate 151 35 11 3 February 2016 [164]
29 July 2015 Chamber of Deputies 314 88 36 [164]
7 December 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [165]
Latvia 14 July 2014 Parliament 79 0 0 2 October 2014 [166]
18 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [167]
Lithuania 8 July 2014 Parliament 84 0 1 29 July 2014 [168]
11 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [169]
Luxembourg 18 March 2015 Chamber of Deputies 55 2 0 12 May 2015 [170]
12 April 2015 Grand Ducal Promulgation Granted [171]
Malta 21 August 2014 House of Representatives Approved 29 August 2014 [172][173][174]
Moldova 2 July 2014 Parliament 59 4 0 23 July 2014 [175]
8 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [176]
Netherlands 7 July 2015 Senate Adopted 21 September 2015 [177]
7 April 2015 House of Representatives Adopted [178]
28 July 2015 Royal Promulgation Granted [177]
Poland 18 December 2014 Senate 79 0 0 24 March 2015 [179]
5 December 2014 House of Representatives 420 0 0 [180][181]
29 December 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [182]
Portugal 20 March 2015 National Assembly Approved 13 May 2015 [183]
22 April 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [184]
Romania 2 July 2014 Chamber of Deputies 284 1 1 14 July 2014 [185]
3 July 2014 Senate 122 0 0 [186]
9 July 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [187]
Slovakia 23 September 2014 National Council 117 0 0 21 October 2014 [188]
16 October 2014 Presidential Assent Granted [189]
Slovenia 13 May 2015 National Assembly 70 3 0 27 July 2015 [190][191]
21 May 2015 Presidential Assent Granted [192]
Spain 27 May 2015 Senate Approved 28 July 2015 [193]
30 April 2015 Congress of Deputies 303 0 1 [194]
Royal Assent Granted
Sweden 26 November 2014 Parliament 249 44 0 9 January 2015 [195]
United Kingdom 9 March 2015 House of Lords Approved 8 April 2015 [196]
23 February 2015 House of Commons Approved [197]
19 March 2015 Royal Assent Order Made [198]
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Malta

The ratification was performed in accordance with article 4(2)(b) of the Maltese European Union Act,[172] which reads that:

"Provided that with regard to treaties and international conventions which Malta may accede to as Member State of the European Union, and treaties and international conventions which Malta is bound to ratify in its own name or on behalf of the European Community by virtue of its membership within the European Union, these shall come into force one month following their being submitted in order to be discussed by the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs."[173]

As the treaty was submitted to the Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs on 21 July 2014,[174] the treaty came into force as part of the Maltese legislation on 21 August 2014.[citation needed]

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The ratification was based on The European Union (Definition of Treaties) (Association Agreement) (Moldova) Order 2015, made in accordance with section 1(3) of the European Communities Act 1972, after having been approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

The agreement applied to the United Kingdom as an EU-member state until Brexit on 31 January 2020. During the transition period that followed Brexit, the agreement until 31 December 2020, the agreement still applied to the UK. The UK and Moldova announced on 8 October 2020 an agreement replacing the EU-Moldova Association Agreement between them,[199] which was provisionally applied from 1 January 2021.[200]

Free trade area

The agreement established a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) between the EU and Moldova, including "the removal of import duties for most goods traded between the EU and Moldova" and "broad mutual access to trade in services for both partners".[201]

Public opinion

A poll in June 2018 found that 46% preferred that Moldova join the EU versus 36% that preferred to join the Eurasian Economic Union.[202] A March 2022 survey conducted by Magenta Consulting found that, after president Maia Sandu announced that her government had officially submitted an application for membership of the European Union, 61% of Moldovans (40% 'totally', 21% 'rather') were in favour of EU membership, up from 52% before the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[203]

More information Date, Question ...
Date Question Totally support Rather support Rather don't support Don't support at all Don't know/No answer
March 2022[204] EU membership 40% 21% 10% 21% 8%
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In May 2022, a poll in Moldova found that 56.1% supported EU membership.[205]

Two July 2023 polls in Moldova showed respectively 63% support[206] and 59% support[207] for Moldova joining the EU.

A referendum on changing the constitution to include EU accession as a goal took place on 20 October 2024. There were no voting stations in Transnistria; however, residents there were free to travel to other areas of Moldova to vote.[208] A narrow majority supported the referendum.[209][210][211]

According to the 2025 annual survey of opinion in the Republic of Moldova, almost nine out of ten Moldovans (86%) feel their country has good relations with the EU (a ten-point increase compared to 2024). Trust in the EU is also at its highest ever level, 71%. Overall, most Moldovans (55%) have a positive image of the EU, compared to 14% who have a negative image. 60% said they supported EU membership, and 63% would vote in favour of accession if a referendum was held, compared to 26% against.[212]

Gagauzia

On 2 February 2014, the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia held two referendums on European integration. In one, 98.4% voted in favour of joining the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia, while in the second 97.2% opposed further integration with the EU. 98.9% also supported the proposition that Gagauzia could declare independence if Moldova unified with Romania.[213] There is concern in Gagauzia that Moldova's integration with the EU could lead to such a unification with EU member Romania, which is unpopular in the autonomous region.[214]

Schengen visa liberalisation

Moldovan citizens have been able to travel to the Schengen area from 28 April 2014 without a visa. However, since October 2025, Moldovans need to comply with the EU's EES system before entering any of the Schengen member countries.[215] The application of the new ETIAS rule was postponed to at least April 2027.[216]

Unification of Moldova and Romania

Main article: Unification of Moldova and Romania

There is some support for the unification of Moldova and Romania, which would incorporate the current territory of Moldova into Romania and thus into the EU.[217] About 44% of the Moldovans that were polled in 2021 supported such a scenario.[218]

Impact of joining

More information Member countries, Population ...
Member countries Population[219] Area (km2) GDP
(US$)[220]		 GDP
per capita (US$)		 Languages Scripts
Moldova Moldova 2,996,106 30,334 16 billion 6,410 Romanian Latin
EU27 447,007,596 4,233,262 17.046 trillion 38,134 24 3
EU27+1 450,003,702
(+0.56%)		 4,263,113
(+0.71%)		 17.062 trillion
(+0.09%)		 37,825
(−0.81%)		 24 3
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