Acetyltransferase
Class of enzymes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An acetyltransferase (also referred to as a transacetylase) is any of a class of transferase enzymes that transfers an acetyl group in a reaction called acetylation. In biological organisms, post-translational modification of a protein via acetylation can profoundly transform its functionality by altering various properties like hydrophobicity, solubility, and surface attributes.[1] These alterations have the potential to influence the protein's conformation and its interactions with substrates, cofactors, and other macromolecules.[1]
3D structure of histone acetyltransferase
Types of acetyltransferases
| Acetyltransferases | Substrate | Gene | Chromosome locus in humans | Gene group | Abbreviation |
| Histone acetyltransferase | Lysine residues of histones[1] | HAT1[2] | 2q31.1[2] | Lysine acetyltransferases[2] | HAT |
| Choline acetyltransferase | Choline[3] | CHAT[4] | 10q11.23[4] | NA | ChAT[3] |
| Serotonin N-acetyltransferase | Serotonin | AANAT[5] | 17q25.1[5] | GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases[5] | AANAT[5] |
| NatA acetyltransferase | N-terminus of various proteins as they emerge from the ribosome | NAA15[6] | 4q31.1[6] | Armadillo-like helical domain containing N-alpha-acetyltransferase subunits[6] | NatA[6] |
| NatB acetyltransferase | Peptides starting with Met-Asp/Glu/Asn/Gln[7] | NAA25[8] | 12q24.13[8] | N-alpha-acetyltransferase subunits of
microRNA protein-coding host genes[8] |
NatB[8] |
Additional examples of acetyltransferases found in nature include:
Structure
The predicted three-dimensional structures of histone, choline, and serotonin acetyltransferases are shown below.[citation needed] As with all enzymes, the structures of acetyltransferases are essential for interactions between them and their substrates; alterations to the structures of these enzymes often result in a loss of enzymatic activity.
- 3D structure of histone acetyltransferase
3D Structure of choline acetyltransferase
3D structure of serotonin N-acetyltransferase
