Act of oath of six Ingush clans to Russia
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| Type | Pact |
|---|---|
| Signed | August 22, 1810 |
| Location | Vladikavkaz |
| Signatories | |
| Languages | Russian |
The Act of oath of six Ingush clans to Russia (Russian: Акт присяги шести ингушских фамилий России, romanized: Akt prisyagi shesti ingushkikh familii Rossii) was a treaty between ten representatives of six major Ingush clans (teips) and the Russian Empire. It was signed on August 22, 1810 in the city of Vladikavkaz.[1] Due to this oath, the Ingush were given the right to resettle the land along the right bank of the Terek up to the ridge.
First diplomatic relationships between the Ingush and the Russian Empire were achieved in 1770, when 24 elders of 24 villages took the oath to join Russia near the village of Angusht between the 4th and 6 March.[2] The location of this event, the village Angusht, is the namesake of the Ingush people, who in Russian reports of the first half of the 18th century became known as Angushtins, Angushi, or Ingushi.[3] Johann Anton Güldenstädt, who was present during the events of March 1770, wrote that they were known as "Kisti" and "Ingushi", but called themselves "Galga".[2]
However it is worth saying that even after the oath of individual Ingush society or clans, the former Russian-Ingush relations remained the same. In fact, both sides took these types of oaths as a conclusion union treaties.[4] So, during the Caucasian War, the Ingush introduced resistance against the tsarist government, and in every possible way made uprisings and skirmishes against the Russians. On the side of Caucasian Imamate, the Ingush from the societies of Karabulaks and Galashians also fought.[5]
Granat Encyclopedic Dictionary states that the Ingush despite being nominally under Russian rule, were long time completely independent and repeatedly fought against the Russians.[6]
Involved parties
General Delpozzo, the commander of the Vladikavkaz fortress, represented the Russian Empire while the influential Ingush clans were represented by ten elders from the six major teips, which were the Targimkhoi, Khamkhoi, Ozdoi, Egikhoi, Kartoi and Yovloy.[7]
The majority of the Ingush, in particular the mountain Ingush societies, did not enter into the treaty and did not consider themselves Russian subjects.[8]
Content of the oath
With the oath, the clans obliged themselves to fulfill several duties. These duties included the task to deploy fully equipped detachments of at least 1000 people to fight the enemies of Russia (mentioned by name are the Chechens and Karabulaks), report attacks on fortresses, transfer representatives of hostile groups to the Russian authorities and ensure the unhindered passage of Russian troops through villages. If these obligations were broken, the violater would be declared a traitor and rioter and would be dealt with by the Russian command.[9]