Active Asteroids (citizen science project)
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NSF-funded citizen science project
Type of site | Citizen science project |
|---|---|
| Available in | English |
| URL | www |
| Commercial | No |
| Registration | Optional |
| Launched | 31 August 2021; 4 years ago (2021-08-31) |
| Current status | Online |
Active Asteroids is a NASA partner citizen science project that successfully discovered active asteroids, including main-belt comets, quasi-Hilda objects, and Jupiter family comets. The project is hosted on the Zooniverse platform and is funded by a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. It uses images from the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to search for tails around asteroids and other minor planets. The research team is led by Colin Orion Chandler.[1][2][3] As of April 2024 about 8300 volunteers carried out 6.7 million classifications of 430 thousand images. At the time only 60 active asteroids were known and 16 new active objects were discovered by this project, significantly increasing the sample of known objects.[2]
The success of the project did result in the development of Rubin Comet Catchers, a citizen science project using data by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and a similar approach as the Active Asteroids project.[4]
Before the team launched the project, the team gained experience with DECam and published three papers.[5] These include detection of activity around previously known active asteroid (62412) 2000 SY178,[6] revealing 6 years of activity on 6478 Gault[7] and activity discovered on the centaur 2014 OG392.[8]
Discoveries
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The project uses a pipeline called HARVEST, which compares metadata from astronomical image archives with the data from the Minor Planet Center and produces images at positions of minor planets. It also excludes images with no detection or images that cannot detect asteroids.[9] Since February 2024 the team also used a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), called TailNet, to filter out bad images before they are shown to volunteers and to identify high-likely candidates. This CNN uses classification-labels made by the volunteers and is constantly improved with new classifications.[10] One of the first discovery was made in September 2022, when the team published a paper describing that 282P/(323137) 2003 BM80 showed sustained activity over 15 months in 2021–2022. Activity was previously reported in 2012–2013 and the team analysed the orbit, finding that it is an outbursting quasi-Hilda object.[3] The object 2010 LH15 was discovered to have cometary activity from DECam images by the Active Asteroids project.[11] A follow-up study did find activity in images of the Zwicky Transient Facility and showed that the object had a radius of 1.11±0.02 km. The study also showed that the activity was likely due to sublimation. The activity did onset at 1.86 astronomical units (AU), which is closer than other main-belt comets. The researchers find that sublimating volatiles must be buried deeper than on other active asteroids showing sublimation.[12]
List of discoveries
| Name | family | type of activity | year-month of discovery | Reference | Previous discovery of activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 TC1 | Jupiter-family comet | 2022-01 | [9][2] | no | |
| 2017 QN84 | Jupiter-family comet | recurrently active, volatile sublimation[13] | 2022-01 | [9][2] | no |
| 282P | quasi-Hilda object (former Centaur or Jupiter-family comet) | volatile sublimation | 2013-06/2022-09 | [3] | yes, Bolin et al.[14] |
| 2015 FW412 | main-belt comet candidate | sublimation | 2023-02 | [15][2] | no |
| 2015 VA108 | main-belt comet candidate | volatile sublimation | 2023-02 | [16] | no |
| 2009 DQ118 | quasi-Hilda object (former Jupiter family comet or Centaur) | sublimation of volatile ices | 2023-03 | [17][18] | no |
| 2010 LH15 (aka 2010 TJ175) | main-belt comet | likely sublimation[12] | 2023-03 | [11] | no |
| (588045) 2007 FZ18 | main-belt comet candidate | two tails | 2023-05 | [19] | no |
| 2018 CZ16 | quasi-Hilda object | thermally driven activity indicative of water-ice sublimation | 2023-05 | [20] | no |
| 484P/Spacewatch[21] | Jupiter-family comet | 2021-04/2023-07 | [22][23] | yes, Cheng et al.[24] | |
| 2004 CV50 | quasi-Hilda object | 2023-11 | [25] | no | |
| (551023) 2012 UQ192 | Jupiter-family Comet | recurrently active, sublimation | 2023-12 | [26][2] | no |
| 2019 OE31 | vacationing Centaur | volatile sublimation | 2023-12 | [27] | no |
| 2008 QZ44 | Jupiter-family comet | 2023-12 | [28] | no | |
| 2018 VL10 | Jupiter-family comet (Mars crossing) | 2023-12 | [29] | no | |
| 2018 OR | Jupiter-family comet (Mars crossing) | 2024-01 | [30][2] | no | |
| (410590) 2008 GB140 | main-belt comet candidate | 2024-02 | TailNet identified activity[31] | no | |
| 2016 UU121 | main-belt comet candidate | 2024-02 | TailNet identified activity[10] | no | |
| 2011 UG104 | Jupiter-family comet | 2024-05 | TailNet identified activity[32] | no | |
| 2015 VP51 | Jupiter-family comet | suspected sublimation | 2024-09 | TailNet filtered, identified by citizen scientists[33] | no |
| 2010 MK43 (aka 2010 RA78) | Jupiter-family comet (former quasi-Hilda object) | 2024-09 | TailNet filtered, identified by citizen scientists[34] | no | |
| (523822) 2012 DG61 | Near-Earth Comet and Apollo asteroid | recurrently active, likely sublimation | 2018-05/2025-01 | TailNet identified activity[35] | previously observed by G. Borisov[35] |
See also
other citizen science projects researching minor planets:
- The Daily Minor Planet Active
- Asteroid Zoo inactive
- Stardust@home
- Catalina Outer Solar System Survey inactive
other citizen science projects
- Zooniverse citizen science platform
- BOINC volunteer computing platform
- Planet Hunters: exoplanet discovery project
- Backyard Worlds: brown dwarf discovery project
References
- ↑ "Zooniverse - Active Asteroids - team". www.zooniverse.org. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chandler, Colin Orion; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Oldroyd, William J.; Kueny, Jay K.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Sedaghat, Nima; Sheppard, Scott S.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Trilling, David E.; Gustafsson, Annika; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D. (2024-04-01). "The Active Asteroids Citizen Science Program: Overview and First Results". The Astronomical Journal. 167 (4): 156. arXiv:2403.09768. Bibcode:2024AJ....167..156C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ad1de2. ISSN 0004-6256.
- 1 2 3 Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A. (2022-09-01). "Migratory Outbursting Quasi-Hilda Object 282P/(323137) 2003 BM80". The Astrophysical Journal. 937 (1): L2. arXiv:2208.08592. Bibcode:2022ApJ...937L...2C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac897a. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Frissell, Maxwell; Morato, Naomi; Kurlander, Jacob; Vavilov, Dmitrii; Trujillo, Chadwick; Jurić, Mario; Connolly, Andrew; Higgs, Clare; Lintott, Chris; Oldroyd, William; Sedaghat, Nima; Burris, William; Kueny, Jay; Hsieh, Henry (September 2025). "The Rubin Comet Catchers Citizen Science Project: Launch and Initial Results". EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2025. 2025: EPSC–DPS2025. Bibcode:2025epsc.conf.1189C. doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-1189.
- ↑ "Zooniverse - Active Asteroids - research". www.zooniverse.org. Retrieved 2024-11-17.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Curtis, Anthony M.; Mommert, Michael; Sheppard, Scott S.; Trujillo, Chadwick A. (2018-11-01). "SAFARI: Searching Asteroids for Activity Revealing Indicators". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 130 (993): 114502. arXiv:1807.00831. Bibcode:2018PASP..130k4502C. doi:10.1088/1538-3873/aad03d. ISSN 0004-6280.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Kueny, Jay; Gustafsson, Annika; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Robinson, Tyler D.; Trilling, David E. (2019-05-01). "Six Years of Sustained Activity in (6478) Gault". The Astrophysical Journal. 877 (1): L12. Bibcode:2019ApJ...877L..12C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab1aaa. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Kueny, Jay K.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Trilling, David E.; Oldroyd, William J. (2020-04-01). "Cometary Activity Discovered on a Distant Centaur: A Nonaqueous Sublimation Mechanism". The Astrophysical Journal. 892 (2): L38. arXiv:2003.04904. Bibcode:2020ApJ...892L..38C. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab7dc6. ISSN 0004-637X.
- 1 2 3 Chandler, Colin Orion (2022-01-01). Chasing Tails: Active Asteroid, Centaur, and Quasi-Hilda Discovery with Astroinformatics and Citizen Science (Thesis). arXiv:2208.12364. Bibcode:2022PhDT........13C. ProQuest 2718159530.
- 1 2 Sedaghat, Nima; Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2024-02-01). "2016 UU121: An Active Asteroid Discovery via AI-enhanced Citizen Science". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (2): 51. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8...51S. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad2b66. ISSN 2515-5172.
- 1 2 Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-03-01). "New Recurrently Active Main-belt Comet 2010 LH15". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (3): 60. arXiv:2303.12102. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7...60C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acc57e. ISSN 2515-5172.
- 1 2 Liu, Bin; Li, Cunhui; Mu, Zhongcheng; Liu, Xiaodong (January 2025). "Physical properties of newly active asteroid 2010 LH15". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 693: A168. arXiv:2507.12747. Bibcode:2025A&A...693A.168L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202449986. ISSN 0004-6361.
- ↑ Frissell, Maxwell; Chandler, Colin; Morato, Naomi; Vavilov, Dmitrii; Trujillo, Chadwick; Oldroyd, William; Sedaghat, Nima; Burris, William; Kueny, Jay; Farrell, Kennedy; Hsieh, Henry; DeSpain, Jarod; Bernardinelli, Pedro; Magbanua, Mark; Sheppard, Scott (September 2025). "Reactivation of 2017 QN84, a Jupiter-Family Comet Discovered through Citizen Science". EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2025. 2025: EPSC–DPS2025. Bibcode:2025epsc.conf.1661F. doi:10.5194/epsc-dps2025-1661.
- ↑ Bolin, B.; Denneau, L.; Veres, P.; Hsieh, H.; Micheli, M.; Wainscoat, R.; Wells, L.; Skiff, B.; Williams, G. V. (2013-06-01). "Comet P/2003 BM_80 = (323137) 2003 BM_80". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (3559): 1. Bibcode:2013CBET.3559....1B.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Oldroyd, William J.; Kueny, Jay K.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany (2023-02-01). "Discovery of Dust Emission Activity Emanating from Main-belt Asteroid 2015 FW412". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (2): 22. arXiv:2302.07274. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7...22C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acbb69. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany (2023-02-01). "New Active Asteroid 2015 VA108: A Citizen Science Discovery". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (2): 27. arXiv:2302.12722. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7...27C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acbbce. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Oldroyd, William J.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-03-01). "Comet-like Activity Discovered on Quasi-Hilda Asteroid 2009 DQ118". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (3): 42. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7...42O. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acc17c. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Oldroyd, William J.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Sheppard, Scott S.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Burris, William A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-11-01). "Recurring Activity Discovered on Quasi-Hilda 2009 DQ118". The Astrophysical Journal. 957 (1): L1. arXiv:2311.02160. Bibcode:2023ApJ...957L...1O. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acfcbc. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-05-01). "New Active Asteroid (588045) 2007 FZ18". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (5): 102. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..102C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acd768. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-05-01). "Cometary Activity on Quasi-Hilda Object 2018 CZ16". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (5): 106. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..106T. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/acd7f0. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ "IAU Minor Planet Center > 2005 XR132". www.minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 2025-05-05.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Magbanua, M. J. M.; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-07-01). "A Jupiter-family Comet Discovery via Citizen Science: 2005 XR132". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (7): 146. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..146C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ace5ad. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Magbanua, M. J. M.; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-08-01). "Erratum: "A Jupiter-family Comet Discovery via Citizen Science: 2005 XR132" (2023, RNAAS, 7, 146)". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (8): 170. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..170C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aced99. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Cheng, Yu-Chi; Hou, Wei-Jie; Ip, Wing-Huen (2021-04-01). "Cometary Activity on Asteroid 2005 XR132 Observed at Lulin Observatory". The Astronomer's Telegram. 14522: 1. Bibcode:2021ATel14522....1C.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Sedaghat, Nima; Mendoza Magbanua, Mark Jesus; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-11-01). "New Active Quasi-Hilda Asteroid 2004 CV50: A Citizen Science Discovery". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (11): 237. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..237C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad09c1. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ DeSpain, Jarod A.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Mendoza Magbanua, Mark Jesus; Sedaghat, Nima; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-12-01). "Citizen Science Discovery of a Recurrently Active Jupiter-Family Comet: (551023) 2012 UQ192". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (12): 257. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..257D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad0ed6. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Oldroyd, William J.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Deen, Sam; Hsieh, Henry H.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Kueny, Jay K.; Burris, William A.; Sheppard, Scott S.; Sedaghat, Nima; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany (2023-12-01). "Cometary Activity Discovered on Vacationing Centaur 2019 OE31". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (12): 270. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..270O. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad14f5. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Sedaghat, Nima; Kueny, Jay K.; Burris, William A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-12-01). "New Active Jupiter Family Comet 2008 QZ44: a Discovery with Citizen Science". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (12): 271. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..271C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad14f6. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Sedaghat, Nima; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2023-12-01). "Mars-Crossing Minor Planet 2018 VL10: a Jupiter-family Comet Discovery via Citizen Science". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 7 (12): 279. Bibcode:2023RNAAS...7..279C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad1682. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Farrell, Kennedy A.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Mendoza Magbanua, Mark Jesus; Sedaghat, Nima; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2024-01-01). "Activity Discovered on Mars-Crossing Jupiter Family Comet 2018 OR by Citizen Scientists". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (1): 18. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8...18F. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad1c66. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Chandler, Colin Orion; Sedaghat, Nima; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2024-02-01). "AI-enhanced Citizen Science Discovery of an Active Asteroid: (410590) 2008 GB140". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (2): 50. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8...50C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad2b67. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ DeSpain, Jarod A.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Sedaghat, Nima; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany; Gonano, Virgilio (2024-05-01). "Discovery of Jupiter Family Comet 2011 UG104 Through AI Enhanced Citizen Science". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (5): 140. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8..140D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad4d9c. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Frissell, Maxwell K.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Sedaghat, Nima; Burris, William A.; Kueny, Jay K.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany (2024-09-01). "Cometary Activity from Minor Planet 2015 VP51 Discovered with Citizen Science". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (9): 225. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8..225F. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad7854. ISSN 2515-5172.
- ↑ Kueny, Jay K.; Chandler, Colin Orion; Frissell, Maxwell K.; Oldroyd, William J.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Sedaghat, Nima; Hsieh, Henry H.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S.; Mazzucato, Michele T.; Bosch, Milton K. D.; Shaw-Diaz, Tiffany (2024-09-01). "Citizen Scientists Discover "Asteroid in a Cometary Orbit" 2010 MK43 has a Comet Tail". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 8 (9): 235. Bibcode:2024RNAAS...8..235K. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ad7c50. ISSN 2515-5172.
- 1 2 Chandler, Colin Orion; Sedaghat, Nima; Oldroyd, William J.; Frissell, Maxwell K.; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Burris, William A.; Hsieh, Henry H.; Kueny, Jay K.; Farrell, Kennedy A.; Borisov, Gennady V.; DeSpain, Jarod A.; Bernardinelli, Pedro H.; Kurlander, Jacob; Magbanua, Mark Jesus Mendoza; Sheppard, Scott S. (January 2025). "AI-enhanced Citizen Science Discovers Cometary Activity on Near-Earth Object (523822) 2012 DG61". Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society. 9 (1): 3. Bibcode:2025RNAAS...9....3C. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/ada368. ISSN 2515-5172.