Adrenergic cell group C1
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adrenergic cell group C1 is a group of cells that show evidence of containing phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the enzyme that converts norepinephrine to epinephrine (adrenaline); thus, they are regarded as 'putative adrenergic cells'. Cells making up this group are also known as C1 cells or C1 neurons.[1] They are found in the rostral and intermediate portion of the ventrolateral medulla (RVLM, IVLM)[2] in conjunction with the noradrenergic cell group A1. The adrenergic group C1 is seen in vertebrates, including rodents and primates.[3]
| Adrenergic cell group C1 | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | cellulae adrenergicae myelencephali [C1, C2] |
| NeuroNames | 1758 |
| TA98 | A14.1.09.628 |
| TA2 | 6029, 6030 |
| FMA | 84388 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Functions
C1 cells trigger the body’s response to stressful signals such as low glucose, infection/ inflammation, low oxygen, pain, or low blood pressure.[2] They help control the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA-axis) and sympathetic nervous system (particularly cardiovascular functions) through projections to the paraventricular nucleus and parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons.[2] Notably, C1 cells contribute to regulating arterial pressure (AP).[4] Studies observing the effects of C1 cell inhibition on AP found that AP significantly decreased when C1 cells were inactive and significantly increased when C1 cells were activated.[4] Additionally, since C1 cells contain PNMT, they contribute to inflammatory responses by stimulating the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands.[5]
