Adyghe Autonomous Oblast
Unit of Krasnodar Krai, Soviet Union, 1922–1991
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (Adyghe AO) was an administrative-territorial unit of the RSFSR, which existed from July 27, 1922 to July 1991.[1] The capital was Maykop. (Until 1936, Krasnodar).[2]
| Adyghe Autonomous Oblast Adyghe Soviet Socialist Republic (1991) Адыгейская автономная область Адыгэ автоном хэку Советская Социалистическая Республика Адыгея (1991) Адыгэ Совет Социалист Республик (1991) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autonomous oblast of the Soviet Union | |||||||
| 1922–1991 | |||||||
Coat of arms
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 Changes in the territory of the Adyghe АО in 1936-1962 | |||||||
| Capital | Maykop | ||||||
| Historical era | 20th century | ||||||
• Established | 27 July 1922 | ||||||
| 28 June 1991 | |||||||
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| Today part of | Russia | ||||||
History
The Adyghe Autonomous Oblast was established on July 27, 1922, as the Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast. On August 24, 1922, it was renamed the Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast of the North Caucasus Krai. On August 3, 1928, it was renamed the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast. On February 7, 1929, as a result of enlargement, 3 districts were formed within the oblast: Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Psekupsky (aul of Ponezhukay) and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). From January 10, 1934, the autonomous oblast was part of the Azov-Black Sea Krai. On December 28, 1934, 5 districts were newly formed in the oblast: Koshekhablsky, Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Ponezhukaysky, Takhtamukaysky and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). On April 10, 1936, the city of Maykop, Giaginsky District and the Khansky selsoviet of Maykopsky District were transferred to the oblast from the Azov-Black Sea Krai. As a result, the administrative center of the oblast was moved from Krasnodar to the city of Maykop. From September 13, 1937, the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast was part of Krasnodar Krai. On February 21, 1940, the Kuzhorsky rural council of the Tulsky District of Krasnodar Krai was transferred to the Adyghe AO, and the Maykopsky District was formed within its composition.
The oblast then consisted of 7 districts: Giaginsky, Koshekhablsky, Krasnogvardeysky (village of Nikolayevskoye), Maykopsky, Takhtamukaysky, Teuchezhsky (aul of Ponezhukay) and Shovgenovsky (aul of Khakurinokhabl). On April 28, 1962, the territory of the abolished Tulsky District of Krasnodar Krai was annexed to Maykopsky District, thereby giving the territory of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast its modern shape.
Parade of sovereignties
- On October 5, 1990, an extraordinary session of the Adyghe Regional Council of People's Deputies adopted a decision to raise the state legal status of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast to the level of a republic, and proclaimed the Adyghe Soviet Socialist Republic(SSR Adygea; Советская Социалистическая Республика Адыгея (Russian); Адыгэ Совет Социалист Республик (Adyghe)).[3]
- On December 15, 1990, the separation of Adygea from Krasnodar Krai was legalized by the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR, which amended the Constitution of the RSFSR to remove autonomous oblasts from the krais of which they were a part.[4]
- On June 28, 1991, the fifth session of the Regional Council of People's Deputies adopted the "Declaration on State Sovereignty of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea".[5]
- On July 3, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted the Law of the RSFSR "On the transformation of the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea within the RSFSR"[6] and submitted an amendment to the Russian Constitution transforming the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast into the Soviet Socialist Republic of Adygea within the RSFSR. This amendment was submitted for consideration to the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR.[7]
- In December 1991 – January 1992, elections of deputies to the Supreme Soviet of Adygea took place.
- In January 1992, Aslan Dzharimov was elected President of the republic.
- On March 23, 1992, the Supreme Soviet of Adygea adopted a law renaming the SSR Adygea to the Republic of Adygea (Adygea).[8]
- On April 21, 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation adopted an amendment to the Constitution of the RSFSR, which transformed the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast into the Republic of Adygea.[9] The amendment entered into force upon publication on May 16, 1992, in "Rossiyskaya Gazeta".[10]
Administrative division
As of January 1, 1985, the Adyghe Autonomous Oblast included 2 cities of oblast subordination:
- Maykop,
- Teuchezhsk (since 1990 Adygeysk)
and 7 districts:
- Giaginsky — Giaginskaya stanitsa,
- Koshekhablsky — Koshekhabl aul,
- Krasnogvardeysky — Krasnogvardeyskoye village,
- Maykopsky — Tulsky work settlement,
- Oktyabrsky — Oktyabrsky aul,
- Teuchezhsky — Teuchezhsk city,
- Shovgenovsky — Shovgenovsky aul.
Population
Dynamics of the population of the oblast:
National composition of the population[16] according to the 1979 census:
| Nationality | Population, people | Share of total population, % |
|---|---|---|
| Russians | 285 626 | 70.6 |
| Adyghe | 86 388 | 21.4 |
| Ukrainians | 12 078 | 3.0 |
| Armenians | 6 359 | 1.6 |
| Tatars | 2 415 | 0.6 |
| Belarusians | 2 244 | 0.6 |