Akuma (folklore)

The earliest uses of the word akuma are mainly found in Buddhist texts, but it also appears in literary works, especially those written during the Heian period (794–1185 AD).^[5] Later, following the introduction of Christianity to Japan, akuma became the customary way of translating the English word Satan.^[5]

An akuma is typically depicted as an entity with a fiery head and flaming eyes, and carrying a sword. It is said to be a harbinger of misfortune to those who see it.^[4]

There have been attestations of people traditionally associating mental illness with the presence of akuma.^[6]