Albert Norden

Albert Norden was born in Myslowitz, Silesia on 4 December 1904,^[1] one of the five recorded children born to the liberal rabbi Joseph Norden [de]^[2] (1870–1943) and his wife, Emilie Meseritz/Norden (1876–1931).^[3]

In 1919, he joined the Young Communist League of Germany. The following year, he became a member of the Communist Party of Germany. From 1923 onwards, he held editorial positions in various communist publications. Between 1931 and 1933, he was the deputy editor-in-chief of Die Rote Fahne ("The Red Flag");^[4][5] he retained this position despite supporting Heinz Neumann in challenging party leader Ernst Thälmann.^[3]

In 1933 Norden emigrated to France. He also spent time in exile in Denmark and Czechoslovakia. In 1938, he returned to France. Norden was detained in France 1939–1940. In 1941, he was able to emigrate to the United States.^[4][5] During World War II, his father died in the Theresienstadt concentration camp.^[3][6]

In exile in Paris and New York he worked with various popular front publications. He wrote some chapters, dealing with the international linkages of the German NSDAP, in the widely read 1933 Braunbuch über Reichstagsbrand und Hitlerterror ('Brown Book on Reichstag Fire and Hitler Terror').^[7] In 1940, he married Herta Fischer (1908–1990), and their son, Johnny, was born in October 1942.^[3] In October 1946 he returned to Berlin, where he became editor of the weekly Deutschlands Stimme ('Voice of Germany').^[4]

In 1949, he was assigned as head of the Press Section of the Information Department of Ministerial Council of the German Democratic Republic, working under Gerhart Eisler. In December 1952, he was purged from his position in the Press Department, but obtained a professorship at Humboldt University.^[5][8]

In 1954, he became director of the National Council of the National Front for a Democratic Germany. He would also become director of the Committee for German Unity.^[8] In 1955, he became a member of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). He was elected as one of the secretaries of the Central Committee. In 1958 he became a member of the Politburo of the party.^[5]

Norden served as head of the Agitation Committee of the Politburo, 1955–67. He was in-charge of the Information & Foreign Department of the Politburo until 1979. In 1958, he became a member of the Volkskammer (People's Chamber, the parliament of the GDR). In 1960 he became the head of the 'West Commission'.^[5] In June 1965 Norden suggested that regional elections in the German Democratic Republic should be open for alternate candidates.^[9]

In 1963, Norden became a member of the National Defense Council, a post he held until 1979. In 1976 he became a member of the State Council. In April 1981, the then ailing Norden was left out of the Central Committee and Politburo at the 10th SED party congress. In the same year he left the Volkskammer and State Council positions.^[5][10]

After the war Norden argued in several publications, articles and speeches that there was a direct continuation between the Hitler and Adenauer governments. In 1965 the National Front published a work by Norden, Braunbuch ('Brown Book'), in which he accused over 1,900 politicians, state officials and other prominent persons in West Germany of having worked for the Nazi regime in the past. The book became a reference in the West German New Left, which increasingly had begun to question the official historiography on the Nazi period.^[11]

Norden was born into a Jewish petty bourgeois family, the son of a rabbi.^[2] As an adult, Norden declined to identify himself as a Jew. He was however, one of the most prominent persons of Jewish origin in East German society.^[12]