Albert Uttley
English scientist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Albert Maurel Uttley (14 August, 1906, London – 13 September, 1985 Bexhill)[1] was an English scientist involved in computing, cybernetics, neurophysiology and psychology. He was a member of the Ratio Club and was the person who suggested its name.[2]
Uttley received both a degree in Psychology and an honours degree in Mathematics from King's College, London, where he also did postgraduate research in visual perception.[3] (He achieved a Ph.D. no later than 1946.)[4]
He was designing conditional-probability neural nets for pattern recognition for the British military.[5] He showed that neural networks with Hebbian learning rules could learn to classify binary sequences.[6]
In the proposal document for the influential 1956 Dartmouth workshop on artificial intelligence, Uttley is one of the researchers noted for his work on neural networks.[7]
Albert was the son of George and Ethel Uttley. He married Gwendoline Lucy Richens.[1]
Publications
- Williams, F.C.; Uttley, A.M. (1946). "The Velodyne". Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part IIIA: Radiolocation. 93 (1). Institution of Electrical Engineers: 317–318. doi:10.1049/ji-3a-1.1946.0108. ISSN 0020-3270.
- Williams, F.C.; Uttley, A.M. (1946). "The Velodyne". Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part IIIA: Radiolocation. 93 (7). Institution of Electrical Engineers: 1256–1274. doi:10.1049/ji-3a-1.1946.0211. ISSN 0020-3270.
- Adams, D. E.; Uttley, A. M. (April 1950). "A Survey of Navigation Systems and Instrument Aids". The Journal of Navigation. 3 (2). Royal Institute of Navigation: 141–155. Bibcode:1950JNav....3..141A. doi:10.1017/S0373463300045550. ISSN 0373-4633.
- Adams, D. E.; Uttley, A. M. (May 1950). "Navigational Systems and Instrument Aids". The Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society. 54 (473). Royal Aeronautical Society: 269–293. doi:10.1017/S0368393100119315. ISSN 0368-3931.
- Uttley, A. M.; Hammond, P. H. (1951). "The Stabilization of On-off Controlled Servo-mechanisms". Automatic and Manual Control. Conference on Automatic Control. Cranfield: Butterworths Scientific Publications (published 1952). pp. 285–299. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
- Sholl, D. A.; Uttley, A. M. (28 February 1953). "Pattern Discrimination and the Visual Cortex". Nature. 171 (4348): 387–388. Bibcode:1953Natur.171..387S. doi:10.1038/171387a0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 13036904.
- Uttley, A. M. (1953). "The Telecommunications Research Establishment Parallel Electronic Digital Computer". In Bowden, B.V. (ed.). Faster Than Thought. London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. pp. 144–160. Retrieved 13 May 2026.
- "Information, machines, and brains", Trans. of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory (TIT) 1: 143-149 (1953)
- Uttley, A. M. (1954). "The classification of signals in the nervous system". Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 6 (3): 479–494. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(54)90064-4. ISSN 0013-4694. PMID 13200421.
- Uttley, A.M. (1954). The Classification of Signals in the Nervous System (Technical report). R.R.E. Memoranda. Royal Radar Establishment. 1047.
- Uttley, A.M. (27 September 1955). "The probability of neural connexions". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 6 (915). The Royal Society: 229–240. Bibcode:1955RSPSB.144..229U. doi:10.1098/rspb.1955.0054. ISSN 0080-4649. PMID 13266808.
- "A theory on the mechanism of learning based on the computation of conditional probabilities", Proceedings of the First International Congress on Cybernetics, Naumur 1956 pp.830-856
- Uttley, Albert M. (1956). "Conditional Probability Machines and Conditioned Reflexes". In Shannon, C. E.; McCarthy, J. (eds.). Automata Studies. Annals of Mathematics Studies. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 253–275. doi:10.1515/9781400882618-013. ISBN 0691079161. OCLC 1303422567.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Internet Archive copy - Uttley, Albert M. (1956). "Temporal and Spatial Patterns in a Conditional Probability Machine". In Shannon, C. E.; McCarthy, J. (eds.). Automata Studies. Annals of Mathematics Studies. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 277–285. doi:10.1515/9781400882618-014. ISBN 0691079161. OCLC 1303422567.
{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Internet Archive copy - Uttley, A. M. (1958). "Conditional Probability Computing in a Nervous System". Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Mechanisation of Thought Processes. Vol. 1. National Physical Laboratory: Her Majesty's Stationery Office (published 1959). pp. 119–147. Retrieved 13 May 2026.
- "The Design of Conditional Probability Computers", Information and Control 2(1): 1-24 (1959)
- Uttley, Albert M. (1 April 1959). "Imitation of Pattern Recognition and Trial-and-Error Learning in a Conditional Probability Computer". Reviews of Modern Physics. 31 (2). American Physical Society: 546–548. Bibcode:1959RvMP...31..546U. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.31.546.
- Uttley, A.M. (1961). "The Engineering Approach to the Problem of Neural Organization". Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry. 11. Pergamon Press: 25–52. doi:10.1016/S0096-4174(18)30208-7. ISSN 0096-4174. PMID 13924038.
- Uttley, A.M. (March 1962). "Properties of Plastic Networks". Biophysical Journal. 2 (2, Part 2). Cell Press: 169–188. Bibcode:1962BpJ.....2..169U. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(62)86954-9. ISSN 0006-3495. PMC 1366482. PMID 13924037.
- Uttley, A.M. (1966). "The transmission of information and the effect of local feedback in theoretical and neural networks". Brain Research. 2 (1): 21–50. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(66)90060-6. ISSN 0006-8993. PMID 5965633.
- Bliss, T. V. P.; Delisle, B.; Uttley, A. M. (1 March 1968). "Factors affecting the conductivity of pathways in the cerebral cortex". The Journal of Physiology. 195 (2): 339–367. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008462. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1351667. PMID 5647327.
- Uttley, A.M. (April 1970). "The informon: A network for adaptive pattern recognition". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 27 (1): 31–67. Bibcode:1970JThBi..27...31U. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(70)90128-1. ISSN 0022-5193. PMID 5419908.
- Uttley, A.M. (February 1975). "The informon in classical conditioning". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 49 (2): 355–376. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(75)90178-2. ISSN 0022-5193. PMID 1121184.
- Uttley, Albert M. (March 1975). "The conversion of printed characters into speechlike sound for a blind reading aid". Medical and biological engineering. 13 (2): 285–293. doi:10.1007/BF02477741. ISSN 0140-0118. PMID 1195821.
- Uttley, A.M. (30 January 1976). "A two-pathway informon theory of conditioning and adaptive pattern recognition". Brain Research. 102 (1): 23–35. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90573-4. ISSN 0165-0173. PMID 174779.
- Uttley, A.M. (30 January 1976). "Simulation studies of learning in an informon network". Brain Research. 102 (1): 37–53. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90574-6. ISSN 0165-0173. PMID 174780.
- Uttley, A.M. (30 January 1976). "Neurophysiological predictions of a two-pathway informon theory of neural conditioning". Brain Research. 102 (1): 55–70. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(76)90575-8. ISSN 0165-0173. PMID 174781.
- Uttley, A.M. (7 December 1977). "Methods of simulating the behaviour of granule cells in hippocampus based on informon theory". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 69 (3): 391–399. Bibcode:1977JThBi..69..391U. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90147-3. ISSN 0022-5193. PMID 607012.
- Uttley, A.M. (7 December 1977). "Similarity of behaviour of granule cells in hippocampus to that predicted by informon theory". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 69 (3): 401–413. Bibcode:1977JThBi..69..401U. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(77)90148-5. ISSN 0022-5193. PMID 607013.
- Uttley, A. M. (1979). Information transmission in the nervous system. London: Academic Press. ISBN 0127097503. OCLC 5103526. [a]
- Uttley, Albert (1982). Brain, mind and spirit. OCLC 847467780.
External links
- Listing of technical reports and memos written or cowritten by Uttley for the TRE or Royal Radar Establishment, compiled by the Malvern Radar and Technology History Society.
- A. M. Uttley biography at the Purbeck Radar Museum Trust