Alveolar ejective affricate
Type of consonantal sound
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An alveolar ejective affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨t͡sʼ⟩ or ⟨t͜sʼ⟩.
Features
Features of an alveolar ejective affricate:
- Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
- It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
- The airstream mechanism is ejective (glottalic egressive), which means the air is forced out by pumping the glottis upward.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abaza | хъацIа / qac'a | [qat͡sʼa] | 'man' | ||
| Abkhaz | днықәҵан / dnyķwc̄an | [dnɨkʷʰt͡sʼan] | 'put' | ||
| Adyghe | папцӀэ / pápc'a | ⓘ | 'sharp' | ||
| Amharic | ፀጉር / cegur | [t͡sʼəgur] | 'hair' | ||
| Armenian | Yerevan dialect | ծառ / caŕ | [t͡sʼɑr] | 'tree' | Corresponds to tenuis [t͡s⁼] in other Eastern dialects. |
| Avar | мацӀ / mac' | [mat͡sʼ] | 'language' | ||
| Chechen | цIе / c'e / ڗە | [t͡sʼe] | 'name' | ||
| Georgian[1] | წელი / c'eli | [t͡sʼeli] | 'year' | ||
| Hadza | zzapale | [t͡sʼapaɾe] | 'digging stick' | ||
| Haida | ttsanskkaagid | [t͡sʼanskʼaːkit] | 'beams' | ||
| Hausa | tsoro | [t͡sʼoro] | 'fear' | ||
| Kabardian | цӀэ / çe / ڗە | ⓘ | 'name' | ||
| Lak | цIа / ċа / ڗا | [t͡sʼa] | 'name'[2] | ||
| Laz | Atina-Artasheni dialect | წუნა / ǯuna | [t͡sʼunɑ] | 'pain' or 'ache' | |
| Vitse dialect | წკუნა / ǯǩuna | [t͡sʼk’unɑ] | |||
| Lushootseed | Northern Lushootseed | c̓uʔkʷs | [t͡sʼuʔkʷs] | 'seven' | |
| Southern Lushootseed | [t͡sʼoʔkʷs] | ||||
| North Straits Salish | Saanich[3] | [t̪s̪ʼˈakʼʷiʔ] | 'skunk cabbage' | Rarely realized as [t̪θʼ][3] | |
| Nuxalk | clhp’xwlhtlhplhhskwts’ | [xɬpʼχʷɬtʰɬpʰɬːskʷʰt͡sʼ] | 'he had had in his possession a bunchberry plant' | ||
| Ossetian | Iron | цъæх / c'ah | [t͡sʼəχ] | 'blue' or 'green' | |
| Q'eqchi' | tzʼiʼ | [t͡sʼiʔ] | 'dog' | ||
| Tlingit | tsʼankwaat | [t͡sʼankʷʰaːt] | 'spider' | ||