Alí Lameda

He was born in Carora in the state of Lara. His youth was influenced (politically and intellectually) by his teacher and friend Cheo Zubillaga. After graduating, Lameda traveled to Colombia to study medicine. He returned to Venezuela a few years later and joined the Venezuelan Communist Party. He then went to Czechoslovakia, where he lived five years. There he studied the Czech language and translated works by Czech and French writers.^[3]

In 1965, while in East Berlin, he came into contact with North Koreans and became fascinated with the stories about their country. In the middle of the following year, he arrived in Pyongyang to work as an interpreter in the Spanish section of the Foreign Publications Department, within the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He personally met Kim Il-sung and Foreign Minister Pak Song-chol.^[3] His work dealt with the translation from English to Spanish. The department was joined by the Frenchman Jacques Sédillot, who in turn translated propaganda from English into French. They quickly became friends. Shortly after, a German woman, Elvira Tanzer, arrived in Pyongyang, who was romantically linked to Ali. However, shortly after the beginning of his work, Lameda, in private correspondence, began to criticise the prevailing system in North Korea, emphasising the state of poverty in which the population of most of the north lived.^[3]

In September 1967, during a banquet honouring the department's employees, he told several jokes, which were allusions to Kim Il-sung. Three days later, he was arrested by the security service and detained in the cell of the Ministry of the Interior. In a 1975 interview with El Nacional, Lameda expressed that his arrest could also have been the product of pressure from the Cuban Communist Party after the Venezuelan Communist Party decided to accept pacification and abandon its weapons.^[4]

In prison, he was subjected to torture: he was interrogated for 12 hours without interruption, he was beaten and left without food for long periods. He spent a year in prison.^[3] After this time, he was placed under house arrest. He was then assured that he could leave the country, but not before saying goodbye to his partner Elvira at the airport, but shortly after saying goodbye to her, Lameda was again arrested and put on trial.^[3] The trial lasted one day, after which Alí Lameda was sentenced to 20 years of hard work. He was sent to one of the concentration camps (called a re-education camp) for 7 years.^[4]

He was tortured in the concentration camp, including having to sit in one place every day for several hours. The official translation says that in this way the prisoner "must examine his conscience." During his stay he met a foreigner who claimed to be a Frenchman named Pierre. Due to poor conditions, lack of food and heat, and sitting for long periods of time in a fixed position every day, he suffered paralysis in his left leg. He lost more than 20 kilograms, and a tumor appeared on his back. He constantly suffered from diarrhea and fever. Through conversations between prisoners and guards, he learned that there were almost 20 camps across the country and nearly 150,000 people had been imprisoned.^[3]

During a visit to Caracas by the then Romanian president Nicolae Ceaușescu, the then Venezuelan president Rafael Caldera made a request to him to mediate for the release of Lameda.^[4] Similarly, the Venezuelan socialist leader Pompeyo Márquez in a meeting with Ceaușescu also advocated for his release, so Ceaușescu would begin to manage his case, immediately improving his condition.^[4] However, his release took place in 1974 when it served in itself as a requirement requested by former president Carlos Andrés Pérez.^[4] Likewise, the Communist Party of Venezuela was another important promoter of his liberation.^[5]

In 1973, North Korea sought allies in order to join the United Nations. Venezuela agreed to the proposal with the condition that Lameda be released. He was finally freed on September 27, 1974, seven years after the verdict. Ali was allowed to leave North Korea through an alliance between Pyongyang and Bucharest.^[3]

Back in Berlin, he had surgery on the tumor and his leg. At the end of December 1974, he lived in London with his Venezuelan family.^[3] After his release, he worked as a cultural attaché in the Venezuelan embassies in Prague, Asunción and Athens.^[5] He died on November 30, 1995, in the city of Caracas.^[3][5]

• List of foreign nationals detained in North Korea