Amandinea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Amandinea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Amandinea punctata | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Caliciaceae |
| Genus: | Amandinea M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993) |
| Type species | |
| Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Amandinea is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.[1] Genetic studies indicates that the genus Amandinea and Buellia are the same,[2] although this is not widely accepted.[3]
The genus was originally circumscribed by Maurice Choisy in 1950, with Amandinea coniops assigned as the type species.[4] However, the name was published invalidly because it was not accompanied by a Latin description or diagnosis, a requirement of the nomenclatural rules of the time.[5] Christoph Scheidegger and Helmut Mayrhofer published the genus name validly in 1993.[6] The generic name honours French Madame Amandine Manière, an acquaintance of Choisy.[7]
Description
Amandinea species have a crustose thallus ranging from cracked (rimose) to slightly blistered (bullate). The internal white layer (medulla) is iodine-negative (I−), meaning it does not turn blue in the standard iodine test and is therefore non-amyloid. The photosynthetic partner is a chlorococcoid green alga, i.e. with small, spherical cells. Sexual fruiting bodies are apothecia with either a lecanorine margin (rim made of thallus tissue) or a lecideine margin (dark, non-thalline rim). These apothecia may be partly sunk into the thallus (immersed) or sit on top of it (sessile), with either a broad or narrowed base; the discs are typically black or nearly so. The tissue beneath the spore layer (hypothecium) is pale to dark brown, sometimes with olive tones.[8]
Inside the apothecia, the hamathecium is made of paraphyses—microscopic, partitioned threads that run between the spore sacs. These are unbranched or branch only near the tip; the tips are swollen and pigmented, and many bear a dark brown cap. The asci (spore sacs) are club-shaped and of the Lecanora-type; they usually contain eight spores, though four or more than eight may occur. The ascospores are brown and 1-septate (with a single internal cross-wall), sometimes showing a thicker median wall; their surfaces are often finely wrinkled (rugose), a feature that generally requires electron microscopy to see reliably. Asexual reproduction is common via pycnidia (tiny flask-like structures) that produce curved, thread-like conidia up to about 30 μm long. Chemical tests rarely detect secondary metabolites in this genus (norstictic acid is uncommon but occurs in a few species), while most species show no substances detectable by thin-layer chromatography.[8]
