Amandinea

The genus was originally circumscribed by Maurice Choisy in 1950, with Amandinea coniops assigned as the type species.^[4] However, the name was published invalidly because it was not accompanied by a Latin description or diagnosis, a requirement of the nomenclatural rules of the time.^[5] Christoph Scheidegger and Helmut Mayrhofer published the genus name validly in 1993.^[6] The generic name honours French Madame Amandine Manière, an acquaintance of Choisy.^[7]

Amandinea species have a crustose thallus ranging from cracked (rimose) to slightly blistered (bullate). The internal white layer (medulla) is iodine-negative (I−), meaning it does not turn blue in the standard iodine test and is therefore non-amyloid. The photosynthetic partner is a chlorococcoid green alga, i.e. with small, spherical cells. Sexual fruiting bodies are apothecia with either a lecanorine margin (rim made of thallus tissue) or a lecideine margin (dark, non-thalline rim). These apothecia may be partly sunk into the thallus (immersed) or sit on top of it (sessile), with either a broad or narrowed base; the discs are typically black or nearly so. The tissue beneath the spore layer (hypothecium) is pale to dark brown, sometimes with olive tones.^[8]

Inside the apothecia, the hamathecium is made of paraphyses—microscopic, partitioned threads that run between the spore sacs. These are unbranched or branch only near the tip; the tips are swollen and pigmented, and many bear a dark brown cap. The asci (spore sacs) are club-shaped and of the Lecanora-type; they usually contain eight spores, though four or more than eight may occur. The ascospores are brown and 1-septate (with a single internal cross-wall), sometimes showing a thicker median wall; their surfaces are often finely wrinkled (rugose), a feature that generally requires electron microscopy to see reliably. Asexual reproduction is common via pycnidia (tiny flask-like structures) that produce curved, thread-like conidia up to about 30 μm long. Chemical tests rarely detect secondary metabolites in this genus (norstictic acid is uncommon but occurs in a few species), while most species show no substances detectable by thin-layer chromatography.^[8]

As of November 2023^[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 94 species of Amandinea.^[9]

• Amandinea analgifera (Aptroot & Diederich) Elix (2019)
• Amandinea antipodensis Elix (2017)
• Amandinea augusta (Vain.) Søchting & Øvstedal (2004)
• Amandinea australasica Blaha, H.Mayrhofer & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea austroconiops Elix & Kantvilas (2016)
• Amandinea babingtonii (Hook.f. & Taylor) Søchting & Øvstedal (2004)
• Amandinea bittangabeensis Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2020)
• Amandinea brugierae (Vain.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea brunneola Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2016)
• Amandinea brussei Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2021)
• Amandinea cacuminum (Th.Fr.) H.Mayrhofer & Sheard (2002)
• Amandinea clearyi Elix & Øvstedal (2020)
• Amandinea conglomerata Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea coniops (Wahlenb.) M.Choisy ex Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993)^[6]
• Amandinea conranensis Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2017)
• Amandinea crassiuscula Giralt & Etayo (2000)^[10] – Europe
• Amandinea decedens (Nyl.) Blaha, H.Mayrhofer & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea delangei Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2021)
• Amandinea deminuta Hafellner (2004)
• Amandinea destituta Elix & Kantvilas (2016)
• Amandinea devilliersiana Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea diorista (Nyl.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea discreta (Darb.) Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2018)
• Amandinea dudleyensis Kantvilas & Elix (2013)
• Amandinea efflorescens (Müll.Arg.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea endochroa (Malme) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea errata Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea extenuata (Müll.Arg.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea falklandica (Darb.) Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea feraxioides Elix & Kantvilas (2017)
• Amandinea fouquieriensis (Bungartz) Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea fuscoatratula (Zahlbr.) Elix (2015)
• Amandinea hnatiukii Elix (2017)^[11]
• Amandinea hypohyalina Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2020)
• Amandinea hypopallida Elix (2017)
• Amandinea hypostictica (Elix) Elix (2018)
• Amandinea incrustans (J.Steiner) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea isabellina Søchting & Øvstedal (2004)
• Amandinea julianeae H.Mayrhofer & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea langloisii Imshaug ex Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea latemarginata (Darb.) Søchting & Øvstedal (2004)
• Amandinea lecideina (H.Mayrhofer & Poelt) Scheid. & H.Mayrhofer (1993)
• Amandinea lignicola Tønsberg & A.Nordin (2012)
• Amandinea litoralis (Zahlbr.) H.Mayrhofer & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea lobarica Giralt, van den Boom & Elix (2015)^[12] – Guatemala
• Amandinea madeirensis van den Boom, Elix & Giralt (2020)^[13] – Portugal
• Amandinea maritima Giralt, van den Boom & Elix (2011)
• Amandinea mediospora Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea megaspora Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea melaxanthella (Nyl.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea meridionalis Elix (2022)
• Amandinea microsticta (Meyen & Flot.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea montana (H.Magn.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea mountmeensis Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2020)
• Amandinea myrticola Giralt, van den Boom & Elix (2011)^[14]
• Amandinea nana Elix & P.M.McCarthy (2018)
• Amandinea natalensis (Vain.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea nebulosa (Elix & Kantvilas) Elix & Kantvilas (2016)
• Amandinea neoconglomerata Elix (2017)
• Amandinea nitrophila (Zahlbr.) Elix (2015)
• Amandinea occidentalis Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea okainensis Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2018)
• Amandinea oleicola (Nyl.) Giralt & van den Boom (2012)
• Amandinea ornata H.Mayrhofer & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea otagensis (Zahlbr.) Blaha, Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2016)
• Amandinea pelidna (Ach.) Fryday & Arcadia (2012)
• Amandinea petermannii (Hue) Matzer, H.Mayrhofer & Scheid. (1994)^[15] – Antarctica
• Amandinea pilbarensis Elix (2020)
• Amandinea pillagaensis Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea polyspora (Willey) E.Lay & P.F.May (1997)
• Amandinea polyxanthonica (Elix) Elix (2019)
• Amandinea porulosa (Müll.Arg.) Elix (2015)
• Amandinea prospersa (Nyl.) Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2017)
• Amandinea prothallinata Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2017)
• Amandinea pseudomultispora S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2015)
• Amandinea puertomonttensis Elix, H.Mayrhofer & J.M.Rodr. (2018)
• Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. (1993)^[6]
• Amandinea rangitatensis Elix & H.Mayrhofer (2017)
• Amandinea ropinii H.Mayrhofer, Ropin & Elix (2016)
• Amandinea santantaoensis Elix & van den Boom (2022)
• Amandinea skottsbergii (J.Steiner & Zahlbr.) Şenkard. (2010)^[16]
• Amandinea stajsicii Elix & Kantvilas (2013)
• Amandinea subbadioatra (C.Knight) Elix & Kantvilas (2016)
• Amandinea subcervina (Nyl.) Elix (2017)^[11]
• Amandinea subduplicata (Vain.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea submontana Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea subplicata (Nyl.) Øvstedal (2001)
• Amandinea trassii S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2016)
• Amandinea tristiuscula (Nyl.) Elix (2019)
• Amandinea turgescens (Tuck.) Marbach (2000)
• Amandinea variabilis Elix, Blaha & H.Mayrhofer (2016)
• Amandinea vitellina Blaha, Elix & Mavhofer (2016)
• Amandinea wagoorooensis Elix (2022)
• Amandinea windmillensis Elix (2019)
• Amandinea xylographella (Nyl.) Marbach (2000)

• 
  Amandinea polyspora
• 
  Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium from A. punctata taken through a compound microscope, x400. (The exciple is uniformly pigmented dark brown; the epihymenium is brown; the hypothecium is brown black.)
• 
  Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of A. polyspora through a compound microscope (x1000) showing 25+ spores per ascus
• 
  Photograph of a cross section of an apothecium of A. punctata taken through a compound microscope (x1000), showing 8 brown 1-septate spores per ascus.