Amnicola
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| Amnicola | |
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| Drawing of the shell of Amnicola dalli with an operculum. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Amnicolidae |
| Subfamily: | Amnicolinae |
| Genus: | Amnicola Gould & Haldeman, 1840[1] |
| Synonyms | |
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Amnicola is a genus of very small freshwater snails which have an operculum. Amnicola species are aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks belonging to the family Amnicolidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
Amnicola is the type genus of the family Amnicolidae.[2]
Amnicola are a genus of tiny freshwater snails, typically less than half an inch (1.27 cm) long. These snails possess an operculum, a hard plate that seals their shell when they retract inside. Their shells are rounded and often as wide as they are tall, usually just a few millimeters in length. Notably, Amnicola snails can survive in warm water and low-oxygen conditions. Their shells generally exhibit a tan to light brown coloration.[3]
Amnicola snails have high-spired shells ranging from 1/8th to 1/4 inch (4 millimeters) in height. These shells typically exhibit a brownish color with subtle shading and feature up to 8 convex whorls. The masked dusky snail relies on gills for respiration, making it dependent on dissolved oxygen in the water.[4]
Habitat
Populations are typically found in still waters environments, but can also be commonly collected in slow-moving rivers, often on woody debris.[3]
Food habits
Amnicola populations appear to be grazers of diatoms and other periphyton (Kesler 1981 and Cattaneo and Kalff 1986). They in turn they are preyed upon by crayfish (Lewis 2001) and sunfish (Lepomis) (Osenberg 1989 and Bronmark et al. 1992).[3]
Species
Species in the genus Amnicola include:
- † Amnicola adestus Dall, 1915
- † Amnicola bellatula H.-L. Gu, 1989
- † Amnicola bithynoides Yen, 1944
- Amnicola clarkei Pilsbry, 1917
- Amnicola cora Hubricht, 1979 - Foushee cavesnail
- † Amnicola crybetes A. B. Leonard, 1952
- Amnicola dalli (Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - peninsula amnicola
- †Amnicola datangensis W. Yü, 1977
- Amnicola decisus Haldeman, 1845
- † Amnicola expansilabris Aldrich, 1911
- † Amnicola gibbula X.-H. Yu, 1982
- † Amnicola globularis (Tournouër, 1880)
- † Amnicola inflata (Yen, 1950)
- † Amnicola jintanensis W. Yü, 1977
- † Amnicola jurassicus Yen, 1952
- † Amnicola kushuixiaensis H.-Z. Pan, 1982
- † Amnicola laiwuensis Yen, 1969
- † Amnicola lerodes Pilsbry, 1953
- Amnicola limosus (Say, 1817) - mud amnicola
- † Amnicola lufengensis H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- †Amnicola meikiensis W. Yü, 1980
- † Amnicola mimalongensis H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- † Amnicola minuta X.-H. Yu, 1982
- † Amnicola obsoleta H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- † Amnicola omphalotropis Pilsbry, 1892
- † Amnicola opima X.-H. Yu, 1982
- Amnicola pesmei Morlet, 1881 (status: uncertain > unassessed)
- Amnicola rhombostomus F. G. Thompson, 1968 - squaremouth amnicola
- Amnicola ricardi Pallary, 1922
- † Amnicola shuidonggouensis H.-Z. Pan, 1982
- † Amnicola stefanssoni Dall, 1924
- Amnicola stygius Hubricht, 1971 - stygian amnicola
- † Amnicola subrotunda X.-H. Yu, 1982 †
- † Amnicola truckeensis Yen, 1950
- † Amnicola xiagangensis W. Yü & X.-Q. Zhang, 1982
- † Amnicola xinyuensis W. Yü, 1977
- † Amnicola yangbiensis H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- † Amnicola yumenensis F. Guo, 1982
- † Amnicola yunlongensis H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- † Amnicola yunnanensis H.-Z. Pan, 1977
- † Amnicola zhejingensis H.-Z. Pan, 1980
- † Amnicola zhenjiangensis W. Yü, 1977
- † Amnicola zhuchengensis H.-Z. Pan, 1983
- † Amnicola zigongensis H.-Z. Pan, 1984
