Anabantiformes
Order of fishes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anabantiformes /ænəˈbæntɪfɔːrmiːz/ is an order of freshwater bony fish.[1] They are collectively known as labyrinth fish[4] and possess a special respiratory organ (the labyrinth) that allows them to breathe atmospheric oxygen at the surface. Native to Asia and Africa, they include popular aquarium fish such as bettas and gouramis, and are able to survive in low-oxygen waters.
Li, Dettaï, Cruaud, Couloux, Desoutter-Meniger & Lecointre, 2009[1]
| Anabantiformes Temporal range: | |
|---|---|
| |
| Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Clade: | Percomorpha |
| Order: | Anabantiformes Li, Dettaï, Cruaud, Couloux, Desoutter-Meniger & Lecointre, 2009[1] |
| Type species | |
| Anabas testudineus | |
| Suborders and families[3] | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
They are an order of air-breathing freshwater ray-finned fish with three suborders, eight families, and at least 350 species.[5][6] This order is the sister group to the Synbranchiformes, with both comprising the monophyletic clade Anabantaria. Anabantaria is a sister group to the Carangiformes, with the clade comprising both being a sister clade to the Ovalentaria.[7] This group of fish are found in Asia and Africa, with some species introduced to North America.
These fish are characterized by the presence of teeth on the parasphenoid.[7] The snakeheads and the anabantoids are united by the presence of the labyrinth organ, which is a highly folded suprabranchial accessory breathing organ. It is formed by vascularized expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch and used for respiration in air.[8][7]
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Many species are popular as aquarium fish - the most notable are the Siamese fighting fish and several species of gouramies.[8] In addition to being aquarium fish, some of the larger anabantiforms (such as the giant gourami[10]) are also harvested for food in their native countries.[8][11]
Taxonomy
There are three suborders and eight families currently recognized within the order Anabantiformes:[5][12]
- Order Anabantiformes
- Suborder Anabantoidei Berg, 1940
- Family Anabantidae Bonaparte, 1831
- Family Helostomatidae Gill, 1872
- Family Osphronemidae van der Hoeven, 1832
- †Ombilinichthys Murray et al., 2015a[9]
- Subfamily Belontiinae Liem, 1962
- Subfamily Osphroneminae van der Hoeven, 1832
- Osphronemus Lacepède, 1801
- Subfamily Luciocephalinae Bleeker, 1852
- Luciocephalus Bleeker, 1851
- Sphaerichthys Canestrini, 1860
- Ctenops McClelland, 1845
- Parasphaerichthys Prashad & Mukerji, 1929
- Subfamily Macropodusinae Hoedeman, 1948
- Trichogaster Bloch & Schneider, 1801
- Trichopodus Lacepède, 1801
- Betta Bleeker, 1850
- Parosphromenus Bleeker, 1877
- Macropodus Lacepède, 1801
- Malpulutta Deraniyagala, 1937
- Pseudosphromenus Bleeker, 1879
- Trichopsis Canestrini, 1860
- Suborder Channoidei Berg, 1940
- Family Aenigmachannidae Britz et al., 2020
- Aenigmachanna Britz, Anoop, Dahanukar & Raghavan, 2019[13]
- Family Channidae Fowler, 1934
- †Anchichanna Murray & Thewissen, 2008 (one species)
- †Eochanna Roe, 1991
- Parachanna Teugels & Daget, 1984
- Channa Scopoli, 1777
- Family Aenigmachannidae Britz et al., 2020
- Suborder Nandoidei Bleeker, 1852
- Family Nandidae Bleeker, 1852
- Nandus Valenciennes, 1831
- Family Badidae Barlow, Liem & Wickler, 1968
- Family Pristolepididae Regan, 1913
- ?†Palaeopristolepis Borkar, 1973[14]
- Pristolepis Jerdon, 1849
- Family Nandidae Bleeker, 1852
- Suborder Anabantoidei Berg, 1940
Alternative systematics
Phylogeny
Below shows the phylogenetic relationships among the Anabantiform families after Collins et al. (2015), here including the Nandoidei as Anabantiforms:[15][failed verification]
| Anabantiformes | |
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