Angiopteris
Genus of ferns
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Angiopteris is a genus of huge evergreen ferns from the family Marattiaceae, found throughout the paleotropics from Madagascar to the South Pacific islands.
| Angiopteris | |
|---|---|
| |
| Angiopteris lygodiifolia in Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Marattiales |
| Family: | Marattiaceae |
| Genus: | Angiopteris Hoffm. |
| Type species | |
| Angiopteris evecta (Forster) Hoffmann | |
| Species | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
They feature a large, erect, woody rhizome with a wide base supported by thick roots. The fronds are deltoid, pinnate, 5–8 metres (16–26 ft) long, with spreading leaflets.[2] At the base of the fronds is a pair of thick, leathery stipules — in the case of A. canaliculata, measuring up to 15 cm (5.9 in) long and wide.[3] Species of smaller stature with elongate synangia and creeping rhizomes are sometimes segregated into the genus Archangiopteris, and a once-pinnate monotypic segregate genus has been called Macroglossum, but molecular data supports inclusion of these taxa within a broad concept of Angiopteris.[4]
Angiopteris is unique among ferns in having explosively dispersed spores, thought to be caused by the cavitation of an airspace between spore layers.[5] The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. The type species is Angiopteris evecta.[4]
Angiopteris evecta has been introduced and naturalized in Hawaii,[6] Jamaica, and parts of Central America, where it has become an invasive weed in lower elevation drainages.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
The Smith et al. classification of 2006, based on molecular phylogeny, placed Angiopteris in Marattiaceae.[7] Subsequent classifications have maintained this placement.[8][9][10]
Species
Angiopteris taxonomy is poorly understood, with nearly 200 poorly defined species having been named,[4] only a small handful of which are recognized in modern floras as of October 2022[update].[11]
Phylogeny of Angiopteris[12][13]
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unassigned species:
- †Angiopteris angustifoliopsis Kuzitchkina
- Angiopteris brooksii Copel.
- Angiopteris cadierei (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Govaerts & Christenh.
- Angiopteris chongsengiana Senterre & I.Fabre
- Angiopteris confertinervia Ching ex C.Chr. & Tardieu
- Angiopteris crassipes Wall.
- Angiopteris danaeoides Z.R.He & Christenh.
- Angiopteris elliptica Alderw.
- Angiopteris ferox Copel.
- Angiopteris holttumii C.Chr.
- †Angiopteris iberica Delle & Doludenko
- Angiopteris javanica C.Presl
- Angiopteris latipinna (Ching) Z.R.He, W.M.Chu & Christenh.
- Angiopteris microura Copel.
- Angiopteris oblanceolata Ching & Chu H.Wang
- Angiopteris opaca Copel.
- †Angiopteris parvispinellatus (Maljavkina) Faddeeva
- Angiopteris paucinervis W.M.Chu & Z.R.He
- Angiopteris remota Ching & Chu H.Wang
- †Angiopteris richthofenii von Schenk
- Angiopteris sparsisora Ching
- Angiopteris subrotundata (Ching) Z.R.He & Christenh.
- †Angiopteris taeniopteroides Yang
- Angiopteris sugongii Gui L.Zhang, J.Y.Xiang & Ting Wang
- Angiopteris undulatostriata Hieron.
- Angiopteris versteegii Alderw.
- Angiopteris winkleri Rosenst.