Anochetus dubius is known from the solitary fossil insect which, along with two soil particles, is an inclusion in a transparent yellow chunk of Dominican amber.[1] The amber was produced by the extinct Hymenaea protera, which formerly grew on Hispaniola, across northern South America, and up to southern Mexico. The specimen was collected from an undetermined amber mine in fossil-bearing rocks of the Cordillera Septentrional mountains of northern Dominican Republic.[3][4] The amber dates from at least the Burdigalian stage of the Miocene, based on studying the associated fossil foraminifera, and may be as old as the Middle Eocene, based on the associated fossil coccoliths. This age range is due to the host rock being secondary deposits for the amber, and the Miocene as the age range is only the youngest that it might be.[3]
At the time of description, the holotype specimen, number "Do-4192", was preserved in the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart amber collections in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The holotype fossil was first studied by entomologist Maria L. De Andrade of the University of Basle with her 1991 type description of the new species being published in the journal Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). The specific epithet dubius is derived from the Latin dubius meaning "doubtful", a reference to the uncertain affinities to any specific modern Anochetus species group.[1]
The species is one of eight Anochetus which have been described from Dominican amber. Two species were described prior to A. dubius: A. corayi in 1980 and A. brevidentatus in 1991. The remaining five species—A. ambiguus, A. conisquamis, A. exstinctus, A. intermedius, and A. lucidus—were all described by De Andrade in the same 1994 paper as A. dubius.[1] A number of modern species live in the Greater Antilles, with at least three modern species found on Hispaniola.[2]
