Gutiérrez Limones began his political career running as Mayor of Alcalá de Guadaíra. On 28 May 1995, during the general municipality elections he won the election as Mayor of Alcala de Guadaira. He was elected Mayor of the 3rd city of Province of Seville.[4] In June 1999, he was reelected as Mayor.[5]
During the 2008 general elections Gutiérrez Limones contested as senator under the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party for the Seville (Congress of Deputies constituency) and won with approximately 574,240 votes. He is a member of the Permanent Deputation of Spain. In November 2011, he was re-elected into the Senate of Spain. In the senate he was appointed Vice-chairman of Foreign Affairs and Local Entities committees in the Senate of Spain.[6] He is a member of the Spanish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.[7]
In the 2015 elections, Gutiérrez Limones was elected into the Congress of Deputies of Spain. He was re-elected on the event of the early legislative elections of June 2016 which he then tendered his resignation from his mandate as mayor in accordance with the statutes of the party from 5 May. He retains all of his parliamentary powers.[8]
In addition to his committee assignments, Gutiérrez Limones has been a member of the Spanish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2012. In this capacity, he has served on the Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons (since 2023); the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy (since 2019); the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) (since 2019); the Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights (2016–2019); the Committee on Social Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development (2014–2016); the Committee on Equality and Non-Discrimination (2012–2014); and the Committee on Culture, Science, Education and Media (2012–2016).[9] Since 2016, he has been one of the Assembly’s vice-presidents.[10] He also authored a 2025 report on the Council of Europe's relations with Latin America.[11]