Anwar Musaddad
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
3 April 1910
Anwar Musaddad | |
|---|---|
| انور موسىدداد | |
 Musaddad in 1960 | |
| Born | Dede Musaddad 3 April 1910 |
| Died | 21 July 2000 (aged 90) Garut, West Java, Indonesia |
| Resting place | Pondok Pesantren Al-Musaddadiyah Garut, West Java, Indonesia |
| Education | |
| Occupations |
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| Political party | Nahdlatul Ulama |
Anwar Musaddad (born Dede Musaddad;[1] 3 April 1910 – 21 July 2000)[2] was an Indonesian professor and Muslim scholar of Sundanese descent, a professor of Christology and comparative religious studies, and one of the five charismatic West Javan academics who is hafidz al-Qur'an.[3]
Dede Musaddad was a descendant of aristocratic ancestry from two notable West Javan kings,[4] and he was born in the village of Ciledug in Garut Regency on 3 April 1910.[5][6] His mother, Marfuah binti Kasriyo, was a descendant of Prince Diponegoro, who was associated with the Mataram Sultanate, while his father, Abdul Awwal bin Haji Abdul Kadir, traced his descent to Sunan Gunungjati,[5] connecting him to the Pajajaran and Cirebon sultanates.[1] After the death of his father when he was four years old, he was raised by his mother and grandmother, who managed the Batik and dodol arrowroot business under the Kuraetin brand.[7][6][8]
Early schooling was given to him at the Hollandsch-Inlandsche School in Garut, where he graduated in 1921. After completing his schooling at Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs in Sukabumi, he went on to Algamene Middlebare School (AMS) in Batavia, for his high school education.[4] Upon completing AMS, he spoke German, Dutch, and English well. In the interim, self-taught Arabic language learners can acquire the language that would be used in Arabia.[9][6] His education at a missionary foundation school, where he studied the Bible and Christology, shaped him.[3]
Concerned about his faith, his mother encouraged him to deepen his understanding of Islam under the guidance of renowned West Javan scholar Muhammad Sachroni. This dual knowledge of Islam and Christianity laid a strong foundation for him to become a modern, open-minded religious scholar.[4] After completing high school, Musaddad studied at Darussalam Wanaraja Islamic Boarding School in Garut for two years before continuing his education in Mecca in 1930. He spent 11 years at Madrasah Al-Falah, learning from prominent Meccan scholars of the time. Sheikh Janan Toyyib, Sayyid Alwi al Maliki, Sheikh Umar Hamdan, Sayyid Amin Qubti, and Sheikh Abdul Muqoddasi were among his professors.[8]
Musaddad participated in the national movement after going home to his country following the end of Dutch colonial control. He was made head of Priangan's Religious Affairs Office during the Japanese occupation. Along with Yusuf Taujiri and Mustafa Kamil Pasha, he commanded the Hizbullah army in fight against Dutch attempts to recolonise Indonesia during the Indonesian National Revolution. In 1948, he was taken into custody by the Dutch and kept in prison until 1950, when Indonesia's sovereignty was acknowledged. Before leaving for Mecca, he had attended the Cipari Islamic Boarding School, which was a hub for religious instruction as well as an important source of patriotism and skills for fending off colonialism.[8]
