Archduke Leopold of Austria (1823–1898)

Archduke Leopold was the eldest son of Archduke Rainer of Austria and Princess Elisabeth of Savoy and a grandson of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. Leopold was born in 1823 in Milan, where his father served as Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia from 1818 to 1848. Leopold's younger brother, also called Rainer, served as Austrian minister president from 1859 to 1861. Leopold followed his father in a military career, attaining the rank of Feldmarschall-leutnant (lieutenant general) in the Austrian Army.

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Monarchical styles of Archduke Leopold of Austria
Reference style	His Imperial and Royal Highness
Spoken style	Your Imperial and Royal Highness

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When Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian was preparing to accept the throne of Mexico in March 1864, Emperor Franz Joseph I sent Leopold to Miramar to induce Maximilian to sign the Act of Renunciation. The two cousins had never been on friendly terms, and Maximilian viewed Leopold as one of the archdukes who would benefit from the renunciation of his hereditary rights in Austria. Maximilian delayed signing the 'Family Compact', as it was called, until the visit of Franz Josef to Miramar on 9 April 1864.^[1]

Undoubtedly to Maximilian's chagrin and irritation, Leopold was promoted to the rank of Viceadmiral in the Austro-Hungarian Navy and acted as Inspector General of the Marines and the fleet from 1865 up till 25 February 1868.^[2][3]

During the Austro-Prussian War, Leopold was given command of the Austrian VIII Corps. According to Geoffrey Wawro the Archduke was an incompetent princely commander who during the Battle of Skalitz, where his corps was severely mauled by the Prussian V Corps under Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz, didn't give a single order. Before the Battle of Königgrätz the Archduke was replaced as corps commander by General Weber.^[4]

Leopold never married, and after stepping down as head of the Navy he faded into obscurity. He died at Hörnstein on 24 May 1898.