Asplenium adiantum-nigrum
Species of fern in the spleenwort family
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is a common species of fern known by the common name black spleenwort.[3] It is found mostly in Africa, Europe, and Eurasia, but is also native to a few locales in Mexico and the United States.[3][4]
| Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Suborder: | Aspleniineae |
| Family: | Aspleniaceae |
| Genus: | Asplenium |
| Species: | A. adiantum-nigrum |
| Binomial name | |
| Asplenium adiantum-nigrum | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Description
This spleenwort has thick, triangular leaf blades up to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) long which are divided into several subdivided segments. It is borne on a reddish green petiole and the rachis is shiny and slightly hairy. The undersides of each leaf segment have one or more sori[4] arranged in chains.[5]
Taxonomy
Linnaeus was the first to describe black spleenwort with the binomial Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in his Species Plantarum of 1753.[6]
A chloroplast phylogeny verified the allopolyploid origin of A. adiantum-nigrum, with A. cuneifolium supplying the paternal genome and A. onopteris the maternal genome.[7]
Native distribution
- Asplenium adiantum-nigrum is native to:
- Africa
- Northern and Southern Africa in: Algeria; Lesotho; Morocco; the provinces of South Africa including Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, and Western Cape; and Tunisia.
- Asia
- Western Asia and Central Asia in - the Caucasus; Azerbaijan; Cyprus; the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt; Kyrgyzstan; Ciscaucasia and Dagestan in Russia; and Turkey.
- Europe
- Albania; Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France (including Corsica); Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy (including Sardinia); the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal, Romania; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Ukraine (including Krym); the United Kingdom; and in the Balkan Peninsula (former Yugoslavia)
- Macaronesia
- Macaronesian archipelagoes of: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands.
- North America
- Oceania
In Hawaii, this native fern grows on cinder cones and lava flows,[8] and it is present in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.[5]
