BDS-1
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| BDS-1 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Organism | Anemonia sulcata |
| Synonym | Kappa-actitoxin-Avd4a |
| PDB | 2BDS |
| Uniprot | P11494 |
Blood-depressing substance-1 (BDS-1), also known as kappa-actitoxin-Avd4a, is a polypeptide found in the venom of the snakelocks anemone Anemonia sulcata.[1] BDS-1 is a neurotoxin that modulates voltage-dependent potassium channels, in particular Kv3-family channels, as well as certain sodium channels.[2][3] This polypeptide belongs to the sea anemone type 3 toxin peptide family.[1]
BDS-1 brings about a decrease in blood pressure by blocking Kv3 potassium channels. Thus, this protein is named after its antihypertensive function.[4]
Sources
BDS-1 is a toxin secreted by the nematocyst of Anemonia sulcata (Mediterranean snakelocks sea anemone).[1]
Chemistry
BDS-1 is a 43 amino acids long polypeptide chain, which consists of six cysteines linked by three disulfide bridges. The secondary structure of BDS-1 possesses three-stranded antiparallel β-sheets, along with one more short antiparallel β-sheet at its N-terminus.[5][6] When viewed along the polypeptide strand, its structure showa a right-handed twist.[6]
BDS-1 shares structural homology with the toxin BDS-2, which belongs to the same type-3 peptide family. It also displays around 24–26% identity with toxins AsI (ATX-I), AsII (ATX-II), and AsV (ATX-V) from Anemonia sulcata and AxI (AP-A) from Anthopleura xanthogrammica.[4]