Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna

Bahaa el-Din's grandfather, Hanna, was an Egyptian Coptic Orthodox Christian man. Then he converted to Islam and called himself Selim, but the name Hanna remained with his family name. Bahaa el-Din's father was Judge Mahammad bin Selim, head of the Egyptian army during the era of Sultan al-Kamil Mahammad al-Ayyubi, and his son Bahaa el-Din was born in 1205.^[2][1][3][4]

Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna began his work in the Egyptian Diwan during the reign of Sultan Turan Shah then Sultana Shajar al-Durr until he rose through the ranks until he became Vizier of State. Then, after the execution of Shajar al-Durr, he was arrested because he was close to her, and then he was released and his conditions changed until Sultan Baybars took over the affairs of the Sultanate. When Baybars assumed power, Bahaa was restored to the position of vizier in February 1261 with the advice of Sheikh al-Islam al-Izz ibn Abd al-Salam, who said that he was one of the most righteous and decisive men of the state.^[1][2][3][4]

As time passed, Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna proved his competence and began to rise through the ranks until he became the rank of Al-Shahib al-Wazir al-Kabir (Grand Vizier), which was at the time the second most important position after the Sultan in the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate, which made him the man next to the Sultan in position.^[1][2][3][4]

Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna led major reform campaigns in the Egyptian state. He was the one who did not accept bribery or mediocrity throughout his life. He fought bribery and corruption in the rest of the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate. This angered the corrupt people in the Sultanate, which made Ibn Hanna enemies everywhere. At the same time, he became the closest person to the Sultan of Egypt, Baybars, and the person he loved and was closest to the most. Baybars considered Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna a father to him, and no matter how much the corrupt princes told Baybars about dismissing Vizier Bahaa Al-Din, Baybars became angry with them. The historian Al-Nuwayri says:^[1][2][3][4]

“He was in the closest position to the Sultan and the most honorable in his position.”^[1][2][3][4]

Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna was the builder of the famous El-Zahir Baybars Mosque in Cairo, so the Sultan did not entrust anyone other than him with the task of building the Great Mosque.^[2][5]

The Grand Vizier Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna founded a large and powerful Egyptian family, as his sons and grandchildren from the Hanna family continued to hold major positions in the Egyptian Sultanate throughout the Mamluk era, and they often held vizier positions like their him and worked in the Diwan (royal offices).^[1][2][3][4]