Battle of Angaco

Benavidez and Aldao argued about who should command the Army of the West. Finally they agreed that Benavídez would command the vanguard and Aldao the main army. On 16 August 1841, at 8:00 on a cold day, Benavídez advanced with his cavalry in a fierce attack before main Federalist army had reached the battlefield, and dashed against his enemies. After two hours of fighting, in which half of his men were killed, he had to retire. Aldao, aware of the situation, did nothing to help. One of the first to fall, with a bullet in the head, was Colonel José Manuel Espinoza, head of the Cazadores battalion of San Juan. He was replaced in the field by Colonel Francisco Domingo Díaz, who would twice become governor of San Juan.

Aldao ordered the infantry to charge the center of the Unitarian line, with cavalry flanking both sides. Acha's artillery, superior to the federal, destroyed the infantry. The bodies filled the ditch from side to side. The federal cavalry attacked the Unitarian line, but a quick movement of the two squadrons of Unitarian cavalry repulsed the attack and forced it back.

Aldao then ordered his cavalry to attack the flanks, where the Unitarian guns caused great destruction and forced it to retire for the second time. During the confusion of the cavalry attack, Aldao wanted to exploit the situation and ordered Francisco Díaz to advance at the trot towards the line of enemy artillery and infantry. The Unitarian guns fired point blank at Díaz's troops, who closed in hand-to-hand combat with bayonets and sabers. Meanwhile, Acha moved up and down the infantry line, giving them support wherever they were weak. The Federal cavalry was defeated by the Unitarian cavalry and as a result the infantry had to retreat with heavy losses.

The battle was stopped around two in the afternoon, after six hours of fighting. While waiting for a new federal onslaught, Acha ordered his infantry to take position within the ditch, using it as a trench. Aldao, furious at being unable to win despite great numerical superiority, quickly reformed the two infantry battalions and ordered a new attack, without giving time for the cavalry, which was dispersed, to rearm. The infantry locked in bloody combat with heavy casualties.

When the Federal cavalry managed to join the battle it was defeated once again by the Unitarians, with Crisóstomo Álvarez at its head. Despite being wounded, he led his troops and pursued the federal cavalry, which retreated for the third time. Aldao ordered a new maneuver, with commander Rodríguez to attack with cavalry from the rear, but the Unitarians had been warned and shot at close range. Rodríguez was among those killed.

Acha moved along his line, haranguing his troops to raise their courage. He told them the enemy would kill any prisoners, so they should die fighting if need be. Aldao, overcome by despair, personally led the remnants of his infantry and advanced to the ditch, where his men threw themselves flat on the ground, firing intensely at a range of 5 metres (16 ft). The federal cavalry returned to the attack, and again the cavalry of Crisóstomo Álvarez repelled their attacks and put them to flight. Giving chase, when the Unitarian cavalry reached the road it turned sharply and charged the Federalist infantry. Major N. Barrera, in front of the Federal Infantry, gave battle until only 44 of his men survived, who laid down their arms.

With the infantry lost, the rest of the Federal army fled to the interior of San Juan Province. It was about 17:00. Meanwhile, Benavídez went to the city of San Juan, where he gathered 400 men, pretending to have triumphed. When Acha advanced towards the city, Benavídez fled to La Rinconada. The Federal army lost over a thousand men, most of their baggage, and lost 157 infantry as prisoners. The Unitarians lost more than 170 men. Both sides left many of their officers in the battlefield.

The Unitarian victory was short-lived. A few days later at the Battle of La Chacarilla, Nazario Benavidez defeated the Unitarian fighters who had survived Angaco, recovered the city of San Juan and captured General Acha, who would be executed shortly afterwards. General Lamadrid continued his slow advance towards the cities of San Juan and then Mendoza, which he held in turn. Persecuted first by Benavidez and then by General Angel Pacheco, he was finally defeated in the Battle of Rodeo del Medio, which ended Unitarian resistance for a decade.

Relations between Aldao and Benavidez were soured by the defeat. This was aggravated because Benavidez was named Chief of the Federal Army of the West soon after, and won military prestige despite the defeat.

Citations

Sources