Battle of Moulouya (1847)

Following the Battle of Isly, the Moroccans concluded the Treaty of Tangiers with the French, one of its stipulations was that Emir Abdelkader was to be outlawed in Morocco.^[6][9] Emir Abdelkader was then camped at the gates of the Rif where he established his authority over several tribes including the Beni Snassen, M’talsa, Beni Bou Yahi and the Guelaya.^[10] His authority was also recognised by the Moroccan tribes surrounding Melilla.^[11] The Moroccan sultan demanded that Emir Abdelkader must either leave or surrender, as a result the scholars of Al-Azhar authorised that Emir Abdelkader was able to fight and wage war against the Moroccan sultan stating that he had deviated from Islam.^[12]

A Moroccan force was dispatched to capture Emir Abdelkader in the Battle of Oued Aslaf where he inflicted a crushing defeat against the Moroccans, killing the commander al-Hamra and capturing his family although he then sent them to Fez with honour.^[13] Following this incident, Emir Abdelkader sent his deputy Al-Bouhamdi to Fez to negotiate with the Moroccan sultan, however his reception was refused and the Abd al-Rahman had him thrown in prison and forced him to drink poison resulting in his death.^[14] had Another engagement occurred in the Battle of Agueddin where Emir Abdelkader once again triumphed over the Moroccan forces.^[15]