Battle of Mount Cadmus

The ill-disciplined Crusaders, especially those of the German contingent, had caused a number of incidents during their passage through the Balkans. Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus feared that the Crusaders would strengthen the Principality of Antioch, which he wanted to restore to his sovereignty, and also would weaken the Byzantine-German alliance against Roger II of Sicily. While Conrad III and Louis VII refused to pay homage to the Byzantine emperor in the autumn of 1147, they retained the Byzantine troops. Consequently, Roger seized Corfu and Cephalonia and plundered Corinth and Thebes.

The French and Germans decided to take separate routes. Conrad's army was defeated at the Battle of Dorylaeum 25 October 1147. The remnants of the army of Conrad were able to join the army of the king of France. The armies followed the path left by the First Crusaders' advance to Philadelphia in Lydia. In this city, the Germans were still exposed to attack and decided to return to Constantinople. Conrad, who had reconciled with Manuel, captured Acre with Byzantine ships. The troops of Louis VII followed the coast and then took the road to the east. The Seljuks waited on the banks of the river Meander, but the French forced the passage and marched to Laodicea, which they reached on 6 January, the day of the Epiphany. They then marched to the mountains that separate Phrygia from Pisidia.

The vanguard, led by Geoffrey de Rancon, was recklessly placed too far ahead of the army. King Louis, with the main column, ignored that fact and proceeded onward. The French soldiers walked with confidence, convinced that their comrades occupied the heights in front of them. However, the Seljuks had the advantage when the French ranks broke and rushed upon them. The French retreated to a narrow gorge, bordered on one side with precipices and crags on the other. Horses, men, and baggage were forced into the abyss. Louis was able to escape the fray, leaned against a tree and stood alone against multiple attackers.^[3]

At night, Louis took advantage of the darkness to join the vanguard of his army, which had been believed dead.^[4] After the battle, Louis' army which had suffered heavy losses barely reached Attaleia on 20 January.